Little known is that "* * *" originally wrote "watch", not swearing words.
Font analysis
First look at the small seal script of "Biao", and the middle of "Yi" is "Mao". This word is very interesting, reflecting the ancient dress etiquette. "Shuo Wen Jie Zi": "Watch, coat also. From clothes to hair. The ancients wore fur. " Xu Kai explained: "In ancient times, fur was the skin, and the hair was all outside, so the coat hair was the table."
It turns out that the dress displayed by the word "table" is "Qiu", that is, leather coat. The ancients wore leather clothes differently from today. Today, they wear one side of the hair inside, while the ancients wear one side of the hair outside. This is because only when the hair is exposed can you see the beautiful color of the hair, and the color of the hair still has grade requirements. The Book of Rites Jade Algae contains various grades of "Qiu" and various manners of wearing "Qiu".
When you salute or meet a guest, you must add a blouse outside the "Qiu", which is called "Qiu", otherwise it will be considered disrespectful. Clothes are draped over the shoulders, but sleeveless to reveal the color of "autumn" inside. Autumn is already beautiful, and the role of clothes is to help it become beautiful, so the color of clothes must match the color of autumn.
"Your clothes are white and white, which is very pleasing." Fox white fur is the most expensive fur, which is worn by the monarch and made of colorful brocade.
"The monarch's right tiger skin, Jue's left wolf skin." The monarch's bodyguard, who wears tiger skin on the right and wolf skin on the left, is fierce with * * *.
"Scholars don't wear fox white." Fox white hair is very rare, and the least is the most expensive. Only the monarch can wear it, and the gentry class can't cross it.
"Gentleman fox green leopard sleeves, mysterious clothes proud." "Sleeve" is the ancient word for "sleeve". Doctors and scholars wear fox-green fur, decorate the edges of sleeves with leopard skin, and make black robes with silk. "You wear sleeves and twisted clothes to make it look good." モㄧ is a young deer, ㄔㄢ? is a wild dog in the north, and ㄢㄢ? is a white leather coat made of young deer skin, with blue wild dog skin at the edge of the sleeve and a light yellow blouse. "The lamb is decorated with a leopard and its clothes are broken." Lamb skin is black. The edges of the sleeves are decorated with leopard skin and dressed in black. "Fox skin, yellow clothes are pleasing." Ordinary fox skin is made of yellow clothes.
Ordinary people can't wear all kinds of "fur" mentioned above, but only "fur of dogs and sheep", and they can't wear clothes or do all kinds of decorations on fur.
"If you hang it, you can attack it, and you can't decorate it." "Attack" is a coat that covers the outside of the clothes. According to etiquette, the beauty of Qiu's color should be worn when he is in mourning, so "Qiu" should wear it to attack.
The requirements of the ancients to wear leather clothes are cumbersome enough!
Liu Xiang recorded an interesting story in The New Preface. Miscellaneous affairs: "When traveling in Wei Wenhou, I met passers-by who turned against me. He said, "Why does Hu have to take the fall for those who oppose Qiu?" Right: "I like his hair." Said, "if you don't know what's in it, what else can Mao rely on?" "Dongyang spend ten times the cloth next year, and the doctor will never finish. Hou Wen said, "This is no reason to congratulate me. For example, a passerby will love his hair very much, but he doesn't know what's inside, and his hair has nothing to rely on. Today, my field is not wide, and there are not many literati. If the money is ten times, I will take the literati. You can't live in the world if you hear that people are restless. This is no reason to congratulate me. " "
The fur of leather clothing should be outward, and the "anti-fur" is of course the fur inside. The passerby was surprised to see him walking with autumn hair on his head and firewood on his back, so he asked him why he was dressed like this. Passers-by replied, "I cherish fur." Wei Wenhou asked, "Don't you understand that after polishing the lining of autumn, autumn hair will be free?"
The following year, Dongyang paid ten times more money, grain, cloth and silk than usual. Ministers congratulated him, but Wei Wenhou said, "This is no reason to congratulate me. Just like the passerby who bears firewood in the autumn, he doesn't understand the truth that fur will be attached if it doesn't exist. Nowadays, the cultivated land in Dongyang has not increased and the population has not increased, but the money, grain, cloth and silk have soared tenfold, which must have been collected by the literati. I heard that you can't live in the world if you are unstable, so this is not a reason to congratulate me. "
It seems that Wei Wenhou is a clever man. This story also tells us that in addition to the requirements of beauty and high grade, the ancients also put the fur side outward in order to protect the lining.
This is how the word "table" is made, and fur means "outside". As for Xu Shen's explanation of "watch, clothes", "clothes" refers to the clothes added to the outside of Qiu.
The key to interpretation
Compared with "outside", it is of course "inside", and "inside" is also written as "inside", which is the lining of leather clothes. The so-called "inside and outside" refers to the surface and lining of clothes. There is an idiom called "what looks like is the same", which is derived from the face and lining of clothes and describes the consistency of appearance and heart. There is also a saying in daily life that "appearance is not as strong as heart". "Appearance" refers to the husband, "inner" refers to the wife, which means that the husband is talented, so the wife had better be a good housekeeper and a good wife. So "table" stands for "outside" and "child" can also be called a woman. So "table" refers to foreign wives, and correspondingly, "wife" refers to his own wife.
What is foreign women? "Han Shu said. "Biography of the Five Kings" "Qi mourned the princess, whose mother and great-grandfather were foreign wives when they were young." Liu Fei, king of Qi, is the eldest son of Liu Bang, but he can't inherit the throne. This is because Liu Fei's mother was Liu Bang's "foreign wife" before he became famous. Yan Shigu commented: "Call and bypass." It means a woman who has an affair with someone other than her wife. In addition, another concubine can also be called a "foreign daughter-in-law".
In this way, a "cousin" or a "foreign wife" is a concubine or an adulteress other than a wife. After marrying a concubine or an adulteress, the concubine and the adulteress also belong to men, so the "outer wife" outside naturally refers to a brothel woman. This is the origin of the title "Puzi".
Qi zhou, a scholar in Ming Dynasty, once discriminated the appellation of "ideograph" in his book "Nominal Examination": "Vulgarity means advocating ideograph, while private means advocating old age. It is said that the table is inside, and it is still a foreign women. Ling and Qin took the market to buy mostly for Ling, and also covered the position of peddler. The old man is still talking to the guests. " It can be seen that by the late Ming Dynasty, the title of "Puzi" had become popular. In fact, the title "Puzi" appeared as early as the Song Dynasty. "I was forbidden by my parents, and I followed a tiger," wrote the play "Wrong Body" written anonymously in the Song Dynasty. The "table" here refers to a brothel woman.
As for the "private owner says he is old" mentioned on Monday, "ㄨ" means buying things in the market, asking the seller for more, and getting more for himself, which is called "."Relatively speaking, private prostitutes refer to prostitutes without official permission. This kind of prostitute soliciting, its situation is like the unexpected joy of buying one more thing, so it is called "old age". Later, the word "Ling" was abandoned and used as "Gu" and "Gu" for leave, so it is logical to call a prostitute or adulterer "Gu Lao" or "Gu Lao".
Therefore, prostitutes can be called "children at the table" and adulterous mistresses can also be called "children at the table". At first, the language sense of this title was not as strong as it is today, and it can even be said to be a true portrayal. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the culture of the citizens was developed and the language was vulgar. People added a female word to the "table" and used "* * *" as a discriminatory title for prostitutes.
use
A story is recorded in Tsui Hark's Notes on Qing Yuan Prostitute, from which it can be seen that the meaning of "* * *" is quite different from that of "puma".
Ruan Yuan, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, went to office. As soon as he arrived at the provincial river, the ship was moored at the edge of Yanggang. "Young gang members, whose land is inhabited by prostitutes, are mostly from Yangzhou, hence the name." Ruan Yuan didn't know that this place belonged to prostitutes in Yang Gang. At night, when he saw the bright lights, he felt very strange. A magistrate who followed him told him, "Yang Gangye." Ruan Yuan asked why it was called this name, and the magistrate replied: "The residents here are all from Yangzhou, and Yangzhou people are all from * * *, hence the name." However, the magistrate forgot that Ruan Yuan was also from Yangzhou. Ruan Yuan smiled and said, "But what about Yangzhou?" The magistrate of a county was frightened, nodded without a hat, and packed up and left the next day.
"Wandering prostitutes" are private prostitutes without a fixed reception place, so most of the land is occupied by private prostitutes in Yangzhou, hence the name "Yang Bang". Although it contains regional discrimination against Yangzhou people, this story clearly shows that the title "* * *" has eliminated the meaning of prostitutes and mistresses, but specifically refers to foreign prostitutes and private prostitutes.
This is why the language sense of the word "* * *" is much more serious than that of a brothel woman. In daily language, "* * *" is more * * * less solemn and despised than the address of a brothel woman, so all kinds of dictionaries interpret "* * *" as a derogatory term for a brothel woman. Brothel women are contemptuous enough. "* * *" is even more contemptuous than the address of a brothel woman, which shows the seriousness of the word "* * *". There is a word "* * *" in daily swearing, which is the heaviest curse. Anyone who hears this curse will die ugly.