Brief introduction of Huang tingjian

Huang Tingjian (1045- 1 105) was born in Fenning, Hongzhou. He was a great poet in the Northern Song Dynasty and was honored as the ancestor of Jiangxi Poetry School.

Huang Tingjian studied the calligraphy of Zhou Yue, a calligrapher in the early Northern Song Dynasty. Later, he felt very tacky and wanted to get rid of it. He changed to Yan Zhenqing, Yang Ningshi and Li Jianzhong, dating back to the two kings. He advocated drawing lessons from the spirit of the two kings in his works and opposed imitating the font of the two kings. In addition, he also studied under Zhang Xu, Huai Su, Gao Xian, Su Shunqin and others, and was influenced by stone carvings in the Han Dynasty.

His representative works, such as Poems of Fu Bo Temple, are vigorous in brushwork, compact in structure, alternating in size and bowing left and right. Although it is a running script, it gives full play to the charm of the cursive script of Jin people, and the brushwork is from Yan Zhenqing. This is another example of integrating the past into the present and integrating the past into the law. Huang Tingjian's cursive brushwork originated from Zhang Xu and Huai Su, and the density of the structure and the frustration of using the pen are more impressive than those of Zhang and Huai Su. It is obviously not an exaggeration to say that he "got the cursive samadhi".

all one's life

Huang Tingjian is the founder of Jiangxi Poetry School. Xiushui county, Jiangxi. Born in 1045 (July 28th) on June 12th, he was a poet, calligrapher and poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the fourth year of Yingzong Zhiping (1067), he was a scholar. Professor Ye Xianwei from Beijing, Professor Lang Xianping from imperial academy, School Book Lang, Cao Zuolang, Secretary Cheng, Fuzhou Biejia, Guizhou Resettlement House, etc. Zhe is known as "proofreader" and "collator". Hou Zhuo lives in the house. At the beginning of Shao Sheng's reign, the New Party called it "pseudo" in the editorial history, demoting Fuzhou and resettling Guizhou and other places. Hui Zongchu, Yizhou was detained. In the fourth year of Zhiping, Song Yingzong was a scholar and Shao Shengchu was demoted as a proofreader. Later, the new party came to power and was repeatedly demoted. On September 30th, 2005 (165438+1October 8th), he died in Yizhou surrender center.

biography

Early experience

Huang Tingjian, a native of Lu Zhi, was born on June 12th, the fifth year of Song Dynasty (A.D.1July 28th, 045), and was born in Fenning, Hongzhou (now xiushui county, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province).

Smart as a child, you can recite it after reading it several times. His uncle Li often goes to his house to ask him about the books on the shelf. He knows everything. Chang Li is very strange. Thought he was a talent from a thousand miles away.

Song Huang You, who was seven years old and three years old (105 1 year), wrote a poem for a shepherd: "Riding an ox far beyond Qiancun, playing the flute and listening to the wind across the bank, how many Chang 'an fame and fortune guests, the authorities are not as tired as you. "

Song Sinian (1052) was eight years old. He wrote a poem to give someone a lift: "If you ask old Huang Tingjian before riding a whip to send you up the jade steps, he has been on earth for eight years."

Work in the capital

In the fourth year of Song Zhiping (1067), Huang Tingjian was admitted as a scholar and served as a county commander in Yexian County, Ruzhou. Xi Ningchu took four exams for Beijing officials. He became a professor in imperial academy because he wrote the best paper. Wen Yanbo, who stayed behind, thought he was talented and asked him to continue teaching. Su Shi once read his poems and thought that his poems were extraordinary and independent of thousands of poems. There was no such masterpiece in the world for a long time. As a result, his reputation began to shake everywhere. Huang Tingjian served as the magistrate of Taihe County for the convenience of governing the county. At that time, the class awarded salt burning, and other counties were vying for the majority. Taihe county is not alone, and the county officials are not happy, but all the people in the county like it.

In the eighth year of Yuanfeng in Song Shenzong (1085), he was called into the capital with the secretary of the provincial school. Huang Xiang was born in May, and later served as a reviewer of Zongshen's memoirs and wrote a memoir for Zuo Lang.

In the Song and Yuan Dynasties (1086), Zhezong ascended the throne and appointed Huang Tingjian as the proofreader of Zongshenlu.

In the second year of Song Dynasty (1087), he moved to Zuolang to recruit talents for school management. After the compilation of Records of Zongshen, it was promoted to be alive. Huang Tingjian, who lost his mother, is filial. His mother was ill for a year. He looked at the color day and night, took off his clothes and died. He built a room beside the tomb to observe filial piety, and his grief almost killed him. After the mourning was lifted, he became a secretary, was promoted to Ming Dow, and was also a national history editor.

Liu Yu Jianghan

At the beginning of Song Shaosheng, Huang Tingjian was known to Xuanzhou and changed to Ezhou. Zhang Dun, Cai Bian and their henchmen thought that the Record of the Gods contained many false statements, which made the former historians live around the capital for questioning, and extracted more than a thousand articles to declare, saying that these were all unproven. Soon, after the hospital's inspection and review, all of them were based on facts, leaving only 32 things. Huang Tingjian wrote in "The Record of Gods" that "it is a joke to rule the river with iron claws", so he was questioned first. Huang Tingjian replied: "Ting Jian was an official in the northern government. He saw it with his own eyes. It was really like a child's play at that time. " He answered all the questions truthfully without scruple, and everyone who heard him praised his courage and heroism. As a result, Huang Tingjian was demoted as a Fuzhou driver and placed in Guizhou. His attacker thought he would go to a good place and falsely accused him of breaking the law. Later, because of the suspicion of avoiding relatives, he moved to Rongzhou. Huang Tingjian seems to have nothing to do with this and doesn't mind relegation at all. Sichuan soldiers looked up and kissed him gently. He is a tireless speaker, and all the articles he points out have considerable points.

The afterglow of dusk

In Song and Yuan Dynasties (1 100), Huang Tingjian became the tax supervisor of Ezhou. He signed a letter to Judge Ning and was summoned by the Minister of Foreign Affairs. He refused and asked for a county magistrate, so he was appointed as the magistrate of Taiping Prefecture. After nine days in office, he was removed from office and was in charge of Yulong view. When Huang Tingjian was in Hebei, he had some differences with Tingzhi Zhao. When Tingzhi Zhao was in power, Chen Ju, the transshipment judge, obeyed his intention and presented Huang Tingjian's book Jingnan Chengtianyuan, accusing him of gloating. Huang Tingjian was removed from the list again and sent to Yizhou for control.

In the second year of Song Chongning (1 103), he was moved out of Yizhou for the crime of rejoicing the country.

Chong Ning four years (1 105), transferred to Yongzhou, Huang Tingjian died in Yizhou (Yishan County, Guangxi) relegation institute without listening to the announcement, at the age of 60.

In February of the third year of Daguan (1 109), disciple Su and Cao Cao were buried in the west of their ancestral home. After four years of advice (1 130), Emperor Gaozong came back to life and gave him to Dezhilong Tuge.

The story of Huang tingjian

With the monk Huang Guang.

Huang Tingjian was in Hengzhou, and the place where he went the most and stayed the longest was Huaguang Temple.

The abbot of Huaguang Temple has a heavy responsibility, and Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang) gathers people. Yuan You (1086— 1093) came to Hengzhou in the Northern Song Dynasty. Because he lives in Huaguang Temple, he is called Huaguang Monk. Ren Zhong likes plum blossoms. Whenever flowers bloom in spring, he sits in the greenhouse all day and recites and appreciates them. I once saw the plum shadow reflected in the window on a moonlit night. The thin shadow was swaying and quiet and lovely, so I happily wrote it down and imitated it. Since then, his plum blossom painting skills have greatly improved, and the charm of plum blossom branches has been vividly displayed, becoming the originator of ink plum blossom painting. Huang Tingjian lamented Zhong Ren's paintings and praised his plum blossoms as "tender as cold and bright as dawn, walking on a hedge, but lacking fragrance".

In Huaguang Temple, Zhong Ren took out the poems left by Qin Guan and Su Shi for Huang Tingjian to watch, and drew some plums to give to the distant mountains outside the smoke. Su and Qin Dou were close friends of Huang Tingjian in Beijing, but both of them died before him. In Changsha, Huang Tingjian met Qin Guan's son and son-in-law. Down and out, they are escorting Qin Guan's coffin north. When Huang Tingjian saw the two younger generations, he held their hands and burst into tears. He immediately gave twenty taels of silver as funeral expenses. Here and now, I saw the legacy of my old friend again, and I remembered that the official road had fallen, and I was no longer in my prime. I couldn't help but feel sad, so I wrote "Poem on the Flowers of Qin and Su, thinking that the two countries would never see each other again, and I never sighed when I opened the book, because the flowers made plum branches for me and painted the rhyme of distant mountains outside the smoke".

Brother kuai is famous all over the world.

There are many pavilions in the south of China, but Kuaige is one of the famous ancient attic buildings in China. Kuaige is located in the campus of Taihe Middle School on the east side of Taihe County. This attic was built in the first year of Tang Ganfu (874), with a history of 1 100 years. Express Pavilion is famous all over the world, which began with the famous poem "Climbing Express Pavilion" by Huang Tingjian, a great poet in the Song Dynasty. When Huang Tingjian was the magistrate of Taihe County, he often went to the pavilion for recreation, and in the fifth year of Yuanfeng (1082), he wrote a well-known poem "Going to the Pavilion". Since then, "the name of the pavilion has become bigger." History: "Huang Taishiting persisted and wrote poems on it, which became famous all over the world."

Wash mom.

History: Although Huang Tingjian was in a high position, he did his best to serve his mother. He personally washes the drowning device (toilet) for his mother every night and forgets his son's duties every day.

Against my uncle

One day, Chang Li came to Huang Tingjian's house and saw Huang Tingjian studying at his desk, so he wanted to try his nephew's talent. When he entered the study, there was a mulberry tree in Li's common courtyard, and he recited the truth on the topic of the relationship between mulberry, silkworm, cocoon, silk and brocade:

Mulberry sericulture, cocoon, spinning and silk weaving are brilliant.

Huang Tingjian was very happy to see his uncle coming to the exam again, and his thinking became agile. Inspired by the brush in his hand, he immediately drew the bottom line:

The grass hides the rabbit, the rabbit gives birth to hair, and the pen writes articles.

Li's ordinary nephew can make such difficult couplets at an early age. From then on, he paid more attention to and cared about Huang Tingjian, carefully cultivated him and made his progress faster.

Collection of Sinian hornfels in China

At the exhibition "Cephalopods, Animal Stars in Ancient Times" in Nanjing Paleontological Museum, a precious fossil that Huang Tingjian once collected was worthy of being "the treasure of town exhibition". It is a 460-million-year-old "Sinian cornerstone of China", and the most distinctive place is that Huang Tingjian's original works are preserved on the left. Length 19 cm, width 1 1.4 cm and height 2.5 cm. The surface is very smooth. Four poems are clearly engraved on the left: the bride stone on the south cliff, and the thunderbolt presses the bamboo shoots out. Moisten its roots with a spoonful of water and you will know when it will become bamboo. And signed it as "court witness", with a chapter below. This poem is an early work of Huang Tingjian. The fossil was probably obtained by Huang Tingjian during his trip to Renzhi County, Taihe County, Jiangxi Province on 1079, that is, after Professor imperial academy was dismissed from office. This "Sinian cornerstone of China" is not big, but it should be the first fossil specimen collected by human beings in the world because it is engraved with a poem by Huang Tingjian.

Huang Tingjian (1045— 1 105), whose real name is Lu Zhi, is a Taoist in the valley, and his late name is Fu Weng. Also known as Yu, Han nationality, Hongzhou (now Xiushui, Jiangxi) is from Fenning. Poets, poets and calligraphers in the Northern Song Dynasty were the founders of Jiangxi Poetry School. Yingzong Zhiping for four years (1067), Jinshi. Professor Ye Xianwei from Beijing, Professor Lang Xianping from imperial academy, School Book Lang, Cao Zuolang, Secretary Cheng, Fuzhou Biejia, Guizhou Resettlement House, etc. Like his predecessor, Huang Tingjian attacked Quincy. Quincy poets pay attention to temperament, duality and rhetoric. In order to get rid of the artistic influence of Kunxi poets, starting with Ouyang Xiu and Mei, they tried to make some new explorations in conception, application, sentence cutting and writing. After the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, the old and new parties fought for peace and risks for more than a hundred years, even though many poets became more and more divorced from reality. At that time, the publication of a large number of books and the upsurge of feudal culture made them not satisfied with the use of ordinary allusions, but strive for novelty. (Note: Ouyang Xiu and Mei were dissatisfied with the white rabbit poems written by people at that time, "all of them were based on the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon Palace", and Su Shi's poem "Snow in the Star Hall" was forbidden to tell stories. All this saw the poet's atmosphere of seeking novelty and novelty at that time, especially in Huang Tingjian. )。 In this way, although they tried to learn from poets since Du Fu and Han Yu, they failed to better inherit the realistic spirit of poets since Du Fu and Bai Juyi. They got rid of the * * * of Xikunti and embarked on a new road of * * *. This is the Jiangxi Poetry School that gradually formed from the late Northern Song Dynasty. Not all the poets in this school are from Jiangxi. Huang Tingjian is so called because he has a great influence in this school. "Tiaoxi Fishing in Conghua" once said that Huang Tingjian said: "Follow people's plan to end future generations." He also said: "Articles are the most taboo." It can be seen that he has the ambition to open the way in literary creation. However, his social contacts are far narrower than those of Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi and Su Shi. Long-term study and life and a tendency to be divorced from reality forced him to choose a creative path to win in book knowledge and writing skills. He said: "Poetry wins high, and it must come from learning." (See "Prequel to Tiaoxi Fishing Hidden in Conghua") and said: "Lao Du wrote poetry and retired from writing, and there was no place for a word; Gai's descendants read less, and they made up their own words by talking nonsense. The ability of the ancients to write articles can really cultivate everything. Although ancient characters enter calligraphy, they are like a panacea. " (Answer to the Father of Hong Ju) You can see his tendency. So how to turn stone into gold from what the ancients said? It is based on the poems of predecessors, and it is changed and described in order to bring forth the old and bring forth the new. He called this practice "thoroughly remould oneself", "taking vulgarity as elegance, taking the old as new" and "taking corruption as magic". For example, Wang Bao described the beard of a bearded slave as a "bamboo on the far slope" in the Three Chapters of the Constitution. Huang Tingjian's poem "Wang Banzhi Er Yun" says: "If you are destined to fall, the poem will be empty." A further description of Wang's "Cool Wind in the Empty Valley" has a new meaning. For another example, according to Li Yannian's Song of Beauty, it is almost vulgar for later generations to describe beauty as "the city is beautiful" and "the country is beautiful". Huang Tingjian's poem "Random Thoughts on Two Rhymes of Liu Jingwen Ascending the Mountain and Looking at the Platform": "The public poem is as beautiful as a beauty, and it has become an unmarried city." The meaning is deeper, and it is in line with the elegance of these literati. These methods of using books and materials actually sum up the experience of poets since Du Fu and Han Yu. The difference between his admiration and the plagiarism of ordinary low-energy literati is that he avoids being familiar with the selection of materials and likes to find some obscure allusions and uncommon literals in miscellaneous books such as Buddhist scriptures, quotations and novels. In the use of materials, we strive to make amazing changes and avoid eating them alive. In order to be different from Quincy's poets, he deliberately made awkward sentences, gambled on dangerous rhymes, used hard words, and even abandoned the poet's effective artistic techniques of paying attention to rhythm harmony and bright colors. A poem like the following can better express his characteristics in this respect. My poems are like Cao Cao's, too shallow to be a country; As a big country, Chu swallowed five lakes and three rivers. Yuefeng flute in Chibi, Yutang cloud window; Syntactic unity, forcing the city to obey my surrender. The withered pine falls into the ravine, and the waves beat it; Ten thousand cows can't be pulled forward, and the public is carrying it alone. Everyone laughs at the fact that the canal is not a body double; Look at each other with bare arms and worship the old man under the bed. The child doesn't know that the guest may be fat; Your husband, I want to buy a red wine jar. -"Zi Zhan's poetry is wonderful all his life, the cloud is small and strong, and the second rhyme is the Tao." This is a poem he answered Su Shi. The first four sentences say that his poems are not as broad as Su Shi's. The twelve sentences in the middle describe Su Shi's appreciation of him, and at the same time show his arrogant character, like a withered pine falling in a ravine, pushed by the waves and led by thousands of cows. Four sentences say that his son may be comparable to Su Shi's granddaughter Ah Xun, which means that his poems are not comparable to Su Shi's. This is exactly what Jiangxi poets later said, "Fight hard, fight hard", and express their friendship with humor and ridicule. This poem, from the choice of words, sentence cutting to the layout of meaning, has become a familiar road for five-character poets since Jian 'an. However, compared with the poems presented by Cao Zhi to Ding Yi, Shen Yue to Fan Li, and Du Fu to Li Bai, Huang Tingjian's poems are striking and have amazing intentions, but they fail to effectively express his true feelings. Of course, not every poem of Huang Tingjian, as an artistic master who initiated the poetic school, is so outspoken. When he was inspired by the reality and got rid of the habit of deliberate curiosity to a certain extent, he was still able to write some fresh and fluent poems, such as the following examples. I went into the wilderness and died of hair spots on my temples. I was born in Qutang, sealed in advance. Jiangnan smiled and stood in front of Yueyang Tower to Junshan. The wind and rain in Mitsue leaned against the railing, tying the ladies' twelve buns to the ladies. It's a pity that I can't face the lake, but I can only see Junshan in the Yinshan pile. -"Climbing Yueyang Tower to See Junshan in the Rain" Yugong has official business, and the pavilion leans on yat sen villa. Qian Shan has a vast sky, and Chengjiang has a bright moon. Zhu Xian is already a beauty, and her young eyes are chatting with wine. Wan Li returned to the ship to play the flute, which is why we made an alliance with Bai Ou. -"Brother Deng Kuai" predecessors in the Song Dynasty, all named Su Huang. Su Shi's poems are rich in weather, such as the Yangtze River, and have their own scenery. Huang Ting-jian's poems have a rigorous atmosphere, such as steep peaks rising from the ground, which is daunting and creates a different realm in art. However, Huang Ting-jian's achievements can't be compared with Su Shi's, because although his poems can get rid of stereotypes and form a style characterized by innovation, thinness and hardness, they still can't cover up the emptiness of his life content and his tendency to be divorced from reality. The villain was originally formed in the Song Dynasty because of writers such as Ouyang Xiu, Mei, etc. At that time, facing the reality, they matched their political struggle with poetry, which reflected the wishes of the people to some extent. On poetry, Huang Tingjian said: "Poets are human beings. They are not forced to remonstrate with the court, complain about others, and be angry with their neighbors for scolding their seats. " He also said: "It is slander, aggression, leading the way, being targeted with a cloak, and being angry at the moment. Everyone thinks that poetry is a disaster, a loss of the purpose of poetry, not a mistake of poetry." Obviously, this cancels the fighting role of poetry, and the result is bound to be divorced from reality and one-sided pursuit of artistic skills, which deviates from the direction of poetry innovation movement.

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