First, there are three sources.
1, from the surname. According to legend, when Emperor Yao was in power, Gun's wife Xin gave birth to Yu because she had eaten coix seed in her dream, so Emperor Yao changed her surname to Gui. Later, he managed water conservancy, guided the people to build canals to promote agriculture, and led troops to quell the Sanmiao rebellion, and the people lived and worked in peace and contentment. In recognition of his great achievements, Shun sealed him in the summer (now east of Dengfeng County, Henan Province) and later passed on the throne to him. After Yu Xia's death, his son succeeded to the throne and established the Xia Dynasty, the first slave country in China's history. The Xia dynasty passed down 13 generations, and 16 kings for more than 400 years. Later, it was overthrown by Shang Tang, because the Xia Emperor was cruel and ruthless, and the Xia royal family took the country as their surname, calling it Xia. 2. From the surname. In 65438 BC+065438 BC+the early years of the Zhou Dynasty, the princes were enfeoffed, and the descendants of Donglou Gong were enfeoffed to Qi (now Qixian County, Henan Province) as the marquis of Qi. By the time of Jian Gong, it was destroyed by the State of Chu. Tuo, his younger brother, went out of Lu, and was named Xiahou (compound surname) because of his descendants. Later generations took Xia as their surname and called him Xiahou. 3. From the surname, Wang Fu is a surname. In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, after the King of Wu was named Shun Di, he sealed Chen and established the State of Chen, with Wanqiu as the capital, in order to gain the worship of Shun Di. Historically called Hu Gongman and Chen Hugong. In the Spring and Autumn Period, when he became the monarch on 16, there was an illegitimate child named Zihe. His grandson, Zheng Shu, took Wang Fu (grandfather) as his surname, called Xia Zhengshu, and later Xia.
Second, migration distribution.
Xia's surname is very early, so with the constant changes of the times, it has spread widely. Generally speaking, before the Qin Dynasty, Xia's surname mainly lived and multiplied in the Central Plains, and moved to Shaanxi, Shandong, Anhui, Shanxi, Hebei and other places. For example, Shu spread to fourth area Prefecture (now Henan Province) to practice medicine, and went to Yukou's apparatus (now eastern Shandong Province) to practice medicine. Xia Wuxie (roughly from the Xia family in Shaanxi) was the physician of Qin Shihuang. There were generations in Qin and Han dynasties (now northwest Hebei, north-central Shanxi, etc.). ) Who talks about summer? Anhui Xia family is a descendant of Xia royal family who fled to Nanchao. Before Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Xia's surname mainly lived in the vast areas of northern China, especially in the Central Plains. Xia's southward migration began in the Han Dynasty. For example, in the Western Han Dynasty, Huanggong Xia was a native of Yin (now Ningbo, Zhejiang). Xia Fang was born in Jiujiang (now Jiangxi) in the Eastern Han Dynasty. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the distribution center of Xia moved to the south of the Yangtze River after a long period of reproduction. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, Xia's surname was mainly bred in the vast areas in the south of the Yangtze River, and widely distributed in Anhui, Zhejiang, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and other provinces, especially in Zhejiang, making Xia's surname a typical northern surname in China.
Third, the county hall number
Harno. Ping Shui Tang: 13 Yu Xia was not at home, but he didn't come into the house for three times. Finally, the flood was cured and Shun gave him the throne. Xia surname also takes "Huiji" as the Tang name. County Hope Huiji County: In the 25th year of Qin Shihuang (222 BC), he set up a county in wuyue and ruled Wuxian (now Suzhou, Jiangsu). In the Western Han Dynasty, it was equivalent to the south of Jiangsu and the east of Maoshan, most of Zhejiang Province (except the west of Tianmu Mountain and a few areas in Chun 'an County) and Fujian Province. This Xia family belongs to the Gao Xia family in the Western Jin Dynasty. Qiao County: At the end of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Pei County was established as Qiao County, where Qiao County was administered (now Hao County, Anhui Province). Levin County: the county established by Emperor Huan of the Eastern Han Dynasty, ruled by Levin (now east of Gaoyang County, Hebei Province). At the beginning of Jin Dynasty, he established Levin and ruled Bolu (now south of Lixian County, Hebei Province). The Northern Wei Dynasty changed the county and moved to Levin. Luxian County: At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, Xue County was changed to Lu State, and Lu County (now Qufu, Shandong Province) was the governing place.
Fourth, historical celebrities.
Xia Chang: a famous painter in Ming Dynasty. He is not only good at painting, but also good at writing and poetry. His poems are clear and beautiful, and his calligrapher is writing in print. His paintings were good at writing bamboo and stone, which was the first at that time. As the saying goes, "Zhao Zhong has a bamboo, and Jiangnan has ten ingots of gold". After the Song Dynasty, it was the most glorious period of Xia surname in the field of literature. Xia Gui, an outstanding painter in Southern Song Dynasty. He painted figures in his early years and later became famous for his landscape paintings. At the same time as Ma Yuan, it is called "Ma Xia". The painting style is free and easy, and it combines the painting methods of Li Tang, Fan Kuan and Mi Fei. With a bald pen and water as the axe, the composition is mostly half a picture or a corner, which is called "Xia Banbian". Xia Houxuan: Minister of Wei in the Three Kingdoms Period. Jing is one of the founders of metaphysics and is known as "one of the four sages". Xia Yuanji: Minister of Ming Dynasty, Senior Minister of Household Affairs in Yongle, Hongxi and Xuande Dynasties, presided over finance for 27 years, and was well supported. He has made achievements in determining taxes and tariffs in detail, cleaning warehouses, sowing widely, repairing water sources and making profits. Xiagong: A respected scholar during the reign of Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty. According to historical records, Xia Gong was the most prestigious professor of Yi Studies at that time. He has taught more than 100 students, which can be said to be full of peaches and plums. Xia Innocent: The doctor who participated in the assassination of the King of Qin in Jing Ke was named "Biography of the Assassin in Historical Records" for "catching Jing Ke with a medicine bag". Yu Xia: A famous patriotic warrior, it is said that he has great strength in pulling the oxtail.
Summer, as the name implies, is a descendant; Xiahou and Shi Youming are also descendants of this ancient sage. Two surnames, single pair, are actually a family that doesn't care about each other.
The Collection of Surnames records: "After Xia Houshi, the country was taken as the surname."
"Family Name Spectrum" says: "Xiahou, compound surname, Ben, descendant of Yu Xia. Establish and worship Xia people; After the sacrifice, Chu was destroyed, and Jane's brother voted for Lu, thinking that he was a surname, because his surname was Xiahou.
"Tang Taizong's genealogy" also pointed out: "Sun Donglou changed his surname and was named Qi Hou, until he was destroyed by Chu, and his younger brother was Lu. Later, I took the land as the Hou, and because I thought it was my surname, I went and was divided into Pei, so I was a county person. "
It is clearly pointed out in these two records that Xiahou's family belongs to Qi State, which worships Xia in the early Zhou Dynasty, and Xia's family belongs to the friendly brothers of Qi State, and they are all descendants. Therefore, Xiahou and Xiajia are closely related, which can be said to be clear at a glance. The only difference is that Xia's surname is earlier and Xiahou Xing's is later.
For two or three thousand years, there have been many historical celebrities in Xia. Their outstanding performance is indeed worthy of being the descendants of Dayu, which makes the reputation enjoyed by this big family last forever and adds luster to the history of China.
Xia was famous as early as the pre-Qin period. At that time, the famous Hercules Yu Xia was born in Weiguo. It is said that he can pull out the oxtail with great strength! In addition, when Jing Ke stabbed the king of Qin, there was a doctor named Xia Innocent, who was named as "Biography of the Assassin" by the history books because of "bringing Jing Ke with a medicine bag". According to the book, after Qin Shihuang saved his life, he rewarded Xia Wue with 200 gold.
After the Han Dynasty, Xia performed even better. For example, the Summer Palace of Emperor Guangwu was a famous scholar admired by later generations. According to historical records, Xia Gong was one of the most notorious Yi-ology professors at that time. He once taught 1000 students, and his reputation spread all over the world.