The South Cold Region refers to the region from the Antarctic Circle to the South Pole, with latitudes ranging from 66 34' south latitude to 90 south latitude. Mainly including the Antarctic continent and surrounding islands. Because of the high latitude, the climate here is cold all the year round, which is called the south cold area. Because the climate here is extremely cold, no one lives here except the scientific research stations set up by various countries. So there are no customs, only some special geography:

The southern cold region belongs to the high latitude region, close to the South Pole, and the sun is below the horizon in winter, which is an extreme night phenomenon. The time when the polar night appears in a year, the closer it is to the pole, the longer it takes. Extreme night is a good time to observe the aurora phenomenon. In the Arctic, the sun is always above the horizon in summer, which is called the extreme day phenomenon. Under extreme sunlight, the position of the sun in the sky is different at different times of the day. In the morning, the sun is in the east of the sky; At noon, the sun turned to the northern sky; In the evening, the sun is in the west; At midnight, it turned to the local due south. Because of the high latitude, even on extreme days, the height of the sun at noon is very small. During the winter solstice in the northern hemisphere, the maximum height of the sun at noon appears in the Antarctic circle, only 46 52'. Therefore, the amount of solar radiation obtained in the southern cold region is very small and the temperature is very low, so there is no real summer.