2. Elizabeth I Elizabeth I (Elizabeth I, 1533 was born in Greenwich, today's London Greenwich, 1558 died in Surrey on March 24th, 1 17 to 65438). She never married, so she was called "virgin queen". When she ascended the throne, England was in a chaotic state of internal religious division, but she not only successfully maintained the unity of England, but also made England one of the most powerful and wealthy countries in Europe after nearly half a century of rule. British culture also reached a peak during this period, and famous figures such as Shakespeare and Bacon appeared. British colonies in North America also began to be established during this period. Her rule is called the "Elizabethan period" in English history, and it is also called the "golden age".
3. Queen Anne (also translated by Anne of Great Britain, 1665 February 6th ~ 17 14 August 1), Queen of England. Anne is the second daughter of James II and Queen anne hyde. 1683 married Prince George of Denmark. 170 1 year, the British Parliament passed the inheritance law, and Anne became the heir of William III. 1702, Anne ascended the throne of the Queen of England. 1707, the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland merged, realizing the real union between the two countries. Because Anne was weak and worried that there would be no heir, Viscount Boleyn Brock, leader of the Tories and Minister of State, contacted Anne's younger brother, james edward, an old throne covetous, hoping that he would give up his Catholic faith in exchange for the right to inherit the throne, but was rejected. 17 14, before her death, Queen Anne appointed the Duke of Shrewsbury as the most important finance minister in the government, which ensured that the throne was inherited by the Protestant Hanova elector George.
4. Queen Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria1865438+May 24, 2009 ~ 19065438+20001October 22) is the longest-serving monarch in Britain, and the first monarch to be called "Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland" and "India". Her 63-year reign (1837 June 20th ~19011October 22nd) was the most powerful so-called "empire that never fell" in Britain. Her rule lasted until her death and the beginning of World War I (19 14).
5. Elizabeth II (1926 April 2 1 ~), whose full name is elizabeth alexandra mary windsor, is the current monarch of Britain and the head of state of Britain, the Commonwealth and 15 member countries. Her full name is "God bless, Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and its dependent territories, head of the Commonwealth, protector of the Anglican faith". She was crowned on February 6th, 1952, and is the second longest-serving head of state at present. About 65438+25 million people live in her country as heads of state.
Remarks: In Hong Kong during the period of British Hong Kong, due to its suzerain country and the homonym of "Wang" and "Huang" in Guangfu dialect, "Wang" and "Empress" were commonly called "Empresses", but the official translation should be King and Empress, not Emperor and Empress. Nowadays, many media (including officials) and individuals will also refer to the current British monarch Elizabeth II as the "Queen of England", which is actually not rigorous, because for one thing, she has not won this title, and for another, the British Empire has disintegrated, even if she wants to be queen, there is no empire. Now Britain is just a kingdom, and lady sovereign can only be a "queen" instead of a "queen". However, due to usage habits, it can still be called "Queen of England".
A Brief Introduction of Queen Elizabeth II (1926 April 2 1 ~), formerly known as Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Winsor, is currently the British monarch, the head of state of Britain and the Commonwealth 15, and the supreme leader of the Anglican Church. Her full name is "King of England and his land and territory, Head of Commonwealth, Protector of the Anglican Church". She was crowned on February 6th, 1952. She is the third longest-serving head of state at present, and the country where she is the head of state is about 654.38+25 million people.
Character life Elizabeth II was born in London with her grandparents. Her great-grandmother was Queen Alexander and her grandmother was Queen Mary. Her father, the Duke of York, was the second son of George V, who was not the heir to the throne at that time.
Therefore, Elizabeth was born as Her Royal Highness Princess Elizabeth and was educated at home under the supervision of her mother, the Duchess of York. Her history teacher, C.H.K. Martin, is the dean of Eton College. Besides, she studies various languages (she speaks French fluently). The Archbishop of Canterbury gave her theological advice, and she has always been a devout member of the Anglican Church.
1936 Elizabeth's uncle Edward VIII abdicated, her father succeeded to the throne, and she immediately became the heir to the throne. When World War II broke out, Elizabeth 13 years old. She and her sister Princess Margaret took refuge in Barmore. At that time, it was suggested that the two princesses take refuge in Canada, but their mothers objected: "The children can't leave me, I can't leave the king, and the king can't leave under any circumstances." 1940, Princess Elizabeth made the first broadcast, which was aimed at all the children who were taken in.
1945 princess Elizabeth persuaded her father to allow her to participate directly in helping win the war. She joined a women's group supporting the war. Her number is 230873, Lieutenant elizabeth windsor. This is the first time she has trained with other children. It is said that she liked this experience very much, and it was because of this experience that she later sent her children to school instead of letting them study at home.
1947 Elizabeth visited abroad for the first time. She went to South Africa with her parents. 2 1 On her birthday, she broadcast to the Commonwealth and the Empire, vowing to devote her life to serving the people of the Commonwealth and the Empire.
On February 20th, Elizabeth married Prince Philip of Greece. Philip is the third cousin of Queen Elizabeth, and their great-great grandmothers are both Queen Victoria (Prince Philip swore off the right to inherit the Greek throne before marriage, and he didn't have any title before the title of Duke of Edinburgh, so he was called Captain philip Mountbatten). This kind of marriage is very suitable for the woman who is about to inherit the throne, because her husband has received royal training, but he will not inherit the throne of another country. However, the marriage was not deliberately arranged, and the relationship between the two went through many tests, including rumors about Philip's infidelity.
After their marriage, the couple lived in Clarence House in London. They have four children. Although the English dynasty was called the Windsor dynasty, the couple agreed that their children should use Mountbatten Windsor as their surname.
From 195 1, King George's health deteriorated, and Elizabeth began to attend public activities instead of her father. That year she visited Greece, Italy and Malta (when Philip was stationed here with the army). In June+10, 65438, she visited Canada and Washington. 10 Elizabeth and Philip went to Australia and New Zealand again. When they visited Kenya on February 6th, they learned that Elizabeth's father had passed away. She was in a tree hotel when she ascended the throne. Her coronation ceremony was held in Westminster Abbey on June 2nd. 1953.
Queen Elizabeth II was crowned with a crown and a scepter. Elizabeth and her husband Philip moved to Buckingham Palace in central London. But like all kings before her, Elizabeth doesn't like living in Buckingham Palace. For her, Windsor Castle in west London is her home. She also spent quite some time in Balmoral Castle in Scotland.
Queen Elizabeth is the monarch who has visited abroad the most times in history. From 1953 to 1954, she and Philip spent half a year traveling around the world, and she became the first incumbent monarch to visit Australia, New Zealand and Fiji. June 1957 paid a state visit to the United States and June 1959 visited Canada. Her first visit to India and Pakistan was in 196 1. She visited most European countries and many places outside Europe, and often attended Commonwealth summits.
Elizabeth is very conservative in religion, moral standards and family affairs. She takes her religious responsibilities very seriously and her coronation oath very seriously. This is one of the reasons why she is unlikely to abdicate. Queen Elizabeth, like her mother, never forgave Edward VIII for choosing to abdicate, because in her view, he abandoned his duties and forced his father to bear them, which was regarded as the chief culprit in shortening his father's life.