First, it is famous for metaphor. Dictionary of famous historical and cultural cities in China: "Tuojiang River in the north and Yangtze River in the south are like dragons crossing two rivers, hence the name."
Second, the mountain is famous. According to the inscription of the newly-built Shenbi Pass (namely Longtouguan), when discussing the geographical location of Longtouguan, it is said that Longtoushan is the throat of Zhongshan. It can be known that Longtouguan was originally named Longtoushan (namely Dashanping, Jiangyang District, Luzhou City), and Longtouguan was built because of the mountain and got its name.
"Longtouguan", also known as "Divine Organ", was named after the reconstruction of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty. There are two opinions about the name of "Shenji Group":
First, it is famous for metaphor. "It faces the Tuojiang River in the north and the Yangtze River in the south. If the arm of God locks the two rivers, it is also called the arm of God. "
Secondly, the inscription in the "Lu Xian County Records" of the Republic of China "added in the next season, the monument still exists, and its text is not contained." Today, I went to visit with a makeup repair. The inscription on the monument is incomplete, but only three words can be understood: the new monument of Shenbi Pass, the tenth year of Chongzhen, and the leading mountain is the throat of Zhongshan, which is called Shenbi Pass, which is what Linzhi said? On the other side of today's Tommy Field is the ancient Lucheng. At the beginning of Song Chunhu, Yu Jie, the envoy, learned that Cao Zhida of Luzhou had moved to the state to govern this place, and there were the Arm Gate, the East Gate and the West Gate (see Biography of Graphite Publishing House and Biography of Zhang Wan Domestic Slave). This is the famous arm pass. Is there something wrong? Is it like Lu Zhishen's name because he transferred to Luchuan County? Is it named after the door of the arm of the old Lucheng? "
The two words "Longtouguan" and "Shenjiduan" are used to describe famous customs, which seem to overlap. There is no difference between "north near" and "north near", "south near" and "south near". "Like a dragon crossing the two rivers" and "Like a god locking the two rivers" have the same ontology, but different metaphors. It may be that the explanation of "Longtouguan" is applicable to "Shenbeiguan" or it may be applicable to "Longtouguan". "Longtouguan" is located in "Seven Huali in the West of the City" and "Feiyue Village Sichuan Provincial People's Police School", that is, in today's South Sichuan Police College on Jiangyang West Road in Luzhou City. Since the establishment of Shuhan, the orientation of Luzhou Longtouguan has changed, roughly from Shuhan to Ming and Qing Dynasties. Local chronicles, official history and geography books all call Nanqili of Luzhou Prefecture "Longtouguan". After Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, it was renamed as "Longtouguan" in the west of Luzhou:
First, it is located in the west of Luzhou.
Lu County Records of the Republic of China: "The dragon head is shut 70 miles west of the city."
Guangxu Luzhou Zhili Prefecture: "The leading obstacle is in the west of the state."
Second, it is located in the south of Luzhou.
Ming history: "There is a dragon head obstacle in the south."
"Update Guang Yu Ji": "Dragon Head Obstacle, South of the City."
"The Unity of Daming": "Longtouguan, 70 miles south of the city."
"Jiajing Sichuan Tongzhi": "The leading obstacle, the state governs the south 70 miles."
"Jiaqing Sichuan Tongzhi": "The dragon head is shut in Qili, south of the state."
Records of the Great Ming Dynasty: "Longjianguan, seven miles south of the state."
"Records of Luzhou in Qianlong Zhili": "The dragon head is shut in Qili, south of the state."
"Records of Luzhou in Jiaqing Zhili": "The dragon head is shut in Qili, south of the state."
"Jiaqing Reconstruction and Reunification": "The leading obstacle is in the south of the state."
Jiaqing's unified reconstruction: Longtouguan and Zhouzhi: In the south of the state. "
According to the modern satellite map, "Longtouguan" is in the southwest of Luzhou City. The above words "in the south of the state", "far from the south of the state", "in the west of the state" and "far from the west of the city" are all in the southwest of the state, but there are differences between the south and the west because of the different perspectives of observers. "Longtouguan" and "It was established in Shu and Han Dynasties" seem to be accurate according to historical documents.
First, the records of "The Unification of Daming".
"The Unified Records of Daming": "The Dragon Head Pass, Zhuge Liang handed down from generation to generation."
Jiaqing Sichuan annals: "Longtouguan" and "Ming Annals": "Legend has it that it was established by Wuhou. " "
Jiaqing reunification record: "Longtouguan, Ming reunification record:' It was handed down by Zhuge Wuhou. ”"
Second, the record of "updating widely in Kyrgyzstan".
Update Wide in Kyrgyzstan: "Longtouguan, a legendary Zhuge Liang."
"Records of Luzhou in Qianlong Zhili": "Dragon Head Obstacle", "Guangyu Ji" says: "Zhuge Wu has been passed down from generation to generation. " "
"Records of Luzhou in Jiaqing Zhili": "Longtouguan," Wide in Kyrgyzstan "says:' Zhuge Wu has been passed down from generation to generation. " "
"Guangxu Luzhou Zhili Prefecture Records": "Dragon Head Obstacle," Guang Di Zhi "says:' Zhuge Wu passed down from generation to generation. " "
Lu County Records of the Republic of China: "Longtouguan", "Guangzhi" says: "Zhuge Wu has been handed down from generation to generation. " "
Third, the records of Jiajing Sichuan annals.
"Jiajing Sichuan Tongzhi": "The dragon head barrier was set up by the marquis of Wu."
Fourth, the record of "Ming unified scenic spots".
"Daming unified scenic spot record": "Guan, the world passed Zhuge Liang Li."
Fifth, record Lu county annals.
Lu Xian County Records: "Zhuge Liang of Shu Han took the mountain as the city, ... and named it Longtoubao."
According to the above documents, it can be seen that Longtouguan was founded in Shu Han and was created by Zhuge Liang, but it can't be verified, or it is "passed down from generation to generation". Based on the conclusion of the founding time of Longtouguan, it is not explained here, but whether the founder of Longtouguan is Zhuge Liang is explained here. If Zhuge Liang built the Longtouguan, unless Zhuge Liang ordered the Jiangyang magistrate to build it in the name of the Prime Minister, Zhuge Liang would definitely visit Jiangyang before building the Longtouguan. There are only two records in which Zhuge Liang and Jiang Yang appeared at the same time (Teacher's Watch: Lushui of "Dulu in May" is at the intersection of Jinsha River and Yalong River, and has nothing to do with Jiang Yang).
The first one, from the Yongle Grand Ceremony, said: "The first Lord entered Yizhou and sent Zhuge Liang and Zhang Fei to lead his troops back to Jiangyang, and now it belongs to the state."
The second article, from the "Yuanhe County Records" cloud: "At the beginning, Cao Gong entered Hanzhong, and Zhuge Liang left Jiangyang."
The third article, from A Record of the Great Ming Dynasty, wrote: "Wei Wu went to Hanzhong and Zhuge Liang went to Jiangyang."
The first record was in the seventeenth year of Jian 'an (2 12), when Liu Bei entered Shu.
Looking at this record alone, I think Zhuge Liang captured Jiangyang and stayed, but according to several records in the reflection:
"Next year (seventeen years of Jian 'an), Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun will return to Bai Di, Jiangzhou and Jiangyang. "
"Into the profit, and Liu Zhang, and zhuge liang feiliu, counties. When I arrived in Jiangzhou, I was honored to break a vow to Ba County. "
"Bright rate cloud long and zhang fei all returned to jiangxi, pacify counties. To Jiangzhou, the cloud will be sent to Jiangyang from the outside, and the light will be in Chengdu. "
Zhuge Liang returned to the river with Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun. Zhuge Liang first occupied Bai Di, then entered Jiangzhou with Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun, and finally went straight to Chengdu. Zhang Fei entered Jiangzhou; Zhao went out of Jiangzhou and went straight to Jiangyang. It can be seen that the so-called "sending Zhuge Liang and Zhang Fei back to Jiangyang" in Yongle Dadian should actually be Zhao Yun's "returning to Jiangyang" in Waiting, but Zhuge Liang has never stayed in Jiangyang, let alone building a leading barrier.
The second and third items record that Cao Cao entered Hanzhong in the twentieth year of Jian 'an (2 15).
"The History of the Three Kingdoms" records: "In twenty years, Sun Quan and his predecessor gained Yizhou, making the newspaper want Jingzhou. The founder said,' If you need Liangzhou, take Jingzhou as the phase.' The power of anger is to send Lv Meng to capture Changsha, Lingling and Guiyang counties. My Lord led 50,000 soldiers to the public security and sent Guan Yu to Yiyang. At that age, Tsao Gong decided to vote in Hanzhong and Zhang Lu fled to Brazil. The ancestors heard of it, and with the plenary division, they divided Jingzhou, Jiangxia, Changsha, Guiyang East, Nanjun, Lingling and Wuling West, and led the army back to Jiangzhou. "
As can be seen from the above, in the 20th year of Jian 'an (2 15), when Cao Cao invaded Hanzhong, Liu was at war with Sun Quan in Jingzhou. After learning that Cao Cao had invaded Hanzhong, he made peace with Sun Quan and led his troops back to Jiangzhou to prepare for returning to Chengdu in order to prevent Cao Cao from attacking Yizhou in the south. At this time, Zhuge Liang led his troops out of Chengdu and arrived in Jiangyang, probably to meet Liu Bei as soon as possible to discuss how to deal with Cao Cao and return to Chengdu with Liu Bei. If so, Zhuge Liang will leave Jiangyang, and the situation is urgent. You can't stay too long, and you can't move too much. It is completely impossible to build a faucet barrier. "Longtouba" can be divided into three periods according to three important events: construction, reconstruction and reconstruction;
First, from the construction of Shu Han to the reconstruction of Ming Dynasty, it is called "Longtouguan".
From Shu Han Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, local chronicles, historical books, geography books, etc. It has nothing to do with the clear record of Longtouguan. Only the record of the founding date can determine the history of this period, that is, the following record of "Longtouguan, the world is handed down by Zhuge Liang", see the entry of the founding date (but the above records are all recorded by later generations, and the reliability is open to question).
The second is the reconstruction from the Ming Dynasty (Chongzhen 1 1 year, 1638) to the Qing Dynasty (Tongzhi 2 years, 1863), which is called "divine organ" or "Longtouguan".
Ming history: "The dragon head barrier was built between Chongzhen (should be built)."
Records of Jiaqing Sichuan: Longtouguan and Zhouzhi: It was built between Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty. "
"Records of Luzhou in Qianlong Zhili": "The dragon head barrier was rebuilt at the end of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty, and the monument still exists."
"Records of Luzhou in Jiaqing Zhili": "The dragon head barrier was built at the end of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty, and the monument still exists."
Guangxu Luzhou Zhili Prefecture: "The Dragon Head Barrier was rebuilt in the late Ming Dynasty (Chongzhen), and the old site fell."
Lu Xian County Records in the Republic of China: "Longtouguan was built at the end of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty, and there is a new tablet of Shenbi Guanbei in the eleventh year of Chongzhen (see annex), which is recognizable."
Third, it was rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty (Tongzhi 2 years, 1863), which has always been called "Longtouguan".
Lu Xian County Records of the Republic of China: "Longtouguan, the key point today, was built by Zhou Xiling, a priest in Tongzhi for two years, and was dumped by the old site."
"Guangxu Luzhou Zhili Prefecture Records": "The dragon head barrier was rebuilt in the late Ming Dynasty, and the old site fell. In the second year of Tongzhi, Zhou Xiling, the animal husbandry department, donated money to rebuild it in the public, reaching the great river in the south and Xiaojiang in the north, and repairing the wall for more than ten miles. In my political spare time, I walk to supervise the work, and all the workers feel more powerful. It was completed in just a few months. (Now I have the "Gulongtou Guanbei", see the attachment. "
Attachment 1: Ancient Longtouguan Monument: "Ancient Longtouguan, Wuxian Huangxingshu, was auspicious in the second year of Tongzhi Guihai".
Appendix II: Inscription on the newly-built Shenqianguan: "Ten years of Chongzhen, Ding Chou arrived in Jiangyang on November 17th. When, the country (Que four words) is in a hurry (Que one word), and seeks to keep it (Que three words). He said: Longtoushan is the throat of Zhongshan. It is not enough to guard it (Que six characters) and me (Que two characters), and the only line can pass (Que three characters). Call the craftsman dove to cut wood (que three characters), set the road as a pass, take stones as a base, which can be more than ten feet high and twice as wide, with a door left in the middle and a mouth for access. Set up the first floor, (Que) arranged in rows, overlooking. (Que 13) The door is easy to defend. The name says: God's arm is broken. What achievements, (Que six words) see Wang Si also. It is useless to measure the height (quezi) and see the winding path of the deep mountain (quezi), but (quezi) soldiers will take it calmly (quezi), and once the police are self-sufficient, the thief will be killed and the chance of winning is in my hands. This is a battle, starting from Ding Chou and ending in December. Read (que) day, where the wood and stone workers pay (que), do not move public money. Those who always do things, then defend their experience and do it. At that time, Zhou Shou (the word queer) was in the new Ming Dynasty (the word queer) and Guancheng (the word queer) was wide (the word queer). This is the second time, for the sake of memory. In the 11th year of Chongzhen, Wuyin Meng Chun and Li Ji. Give Jinshi a government doctor and a patrol inspection department in Sichuan to visit South Island to participate in politics. " The architectural nature of Longtouguan has changed twice since it was founded. "Originally an ancient pass", it was later the Yugoslav capital pass, and now it is an architectural monument.
First, the clearance period.
From Shu Han to Yuan Dynasty, "Longtouguan" was called Guanming. In the Ming Dynasty, it was listed as "Tong" in "Renewing Guang Yu Ji"; The unified annals of Daming and the general annals of Jiajing Sichuan classified it as "Guan Liang". In the Qing Dynasty, Shi Ming was renamed Guan Ming; It is classified as "Tong" in Luzhou Annals of Qianlong Zhili, Luzhou Annals of Jiaqing Zhili, Luzhou Zhili Annals of Guangxu, Sichuan Annals of Jiaqing and Reconstruction and Unification Annals of Jiaqing.
Dictionary of ancient Chinese: "customs, nouns and checkpoints are located in the world to check business travel, and they are also customs and fortresses;" Pass the ball, focus; Guan Liang, Guan Kou and Jinliang. Refers to the main road of land and water transportation. " "Modern Chinese Dictionary": "Guan, a noun, is a guard place set up in ancient times in places with dangerous traffic or borders; Guan, book title, noun, risk clearance. " According to this, in ancient times, the pass was mostly independent of the city (but there were cases where the pass was combined with the city, such as Tongguan), which was not an inevitable part of the city (although the pass was also an important part of the city's defense system, it was not a part of the city).
Second, the period of the Yugoslav capital gate.
With the development of commodity economy in Ming and Qing Dynasties, the urban population of Luzhou is increasing, the city scale is expanding, and the urban defense system is also expanding. The original city wall can no longer meet its needs. The position of "Longtouguan" changed from being far away from the city to being close to the city, and was finally absorbed by the city and became the gateway to the outer city.
Guangxu Luzhou Zhili Prefecture: "In the second year of Tongzhi, ... was rebuilt, and the wall was built for more than ten miles from the south to the big river and the north to the Xiaojiang River."
County Records of the Republic of China classifies Longtouguan as a "city Guo", and records: "Seventy miles west of the city, there is a Guo (outer city), and the south reaches the Dajiang River and the north reaches the Tuojiang River, which is more than ten miles of the city. The middle is called the dragon head barrier, and now it is called the dangerous solid. "
During the Luzhou Uprising, "Longtouguan", as a defensive stronghold in the outer city of Luzhou, became an important place for repeated struggles between the enemy and ourselves. It can also be seen that the "Longtouguan" at this time is not only a gateway outside Luzhou, but also an important part of Luzhou city defense. At this point, "Longtouguan" has completed the transformation from the pass to the city defense pass.
Third, during the period of architectural monuments, national defense education base and patriotism education base.
Since 1980s and 1990s, Longtouguan has become a cultural relic protection unit in Luzhou, a cultural relic protection unit in Sichuan, a patriotic education base and a national defense education base respectively. Today's "Longtouguan" ancient architectural ruins, as well as national defense education bases and patriotism education bases, are composed of Luzhou Uprising Monument, Longtouguan City Wall, Guanlou, Qianbu Ladder and Forest of Steles.