Basic introduction Chinese name: auspicious patterns express meaning: wealth, longevity and happiness; Auspicious implication: express yearning for a happy life; Common combinations: Five Blessingg holds longevity, Zhu Bao Ping An, etc. ; Their uses, types, common combinations, examples and abstracts; To sum up, they only have four meanings to express: "rich, expensive, longevity and happiness"; Expensive is a symbol of power and fame; Wealth is a sign of wealth, including a bumper harvest; Life can keep peace and prolong life; Happiness is related to marriage, friendship and having many children. As an important part of China traditional culture, auspicious patterns have become one of the symbols to understand the national spirit and national purport. The auspicious patterns of silk in Ming and Qing dynasties have a wide range of themes, including flowers, trees, stones, hummingbirds, insects, fish, birds and animals. Seemingly ordinary, but there is no lack of real interest and affection. Generally, there are three ways to form it: first, it is represented by patterns; The second is to use homophonic expression; Third, use words to explain. In China, there are many auspicious patterns among the people. Every New Year's Day or festive day, people like to decorate their rooms and articles with these auspicious patterns to express their yearning for a happy life and celebrate auspicious festivals. Using patterns to express species, that is, extending and extending the natural attributes and characteristics of some animals and plants, is the most common technique in auspicious patterns. For example, dragons, phoenixes and pythons symbolize strength. From ancient times to the present, the dragon is an auspicious god in ancient China, regarded as the totem of the Chinese nation, and its status is supreme. Dragon patterns are widely used in China handicrafts. After the processing and evolution of artists in past dynasties, the image has changed from fiction to more concrete. Dragons in the Ming Dynasty included ox heads, snake bodies, antlers, shrimp eyes, lion noses, donkey mouths, cat ears, eagle claws and fish tails. In Qing Dynasty, the dragon pattern was defined as "nine elephants", that is, horns like deer, necks like snakes, scales like fish, claws like eagles, palms like tigers, ears like cows, which must not be confused. In terms of posture, there are other names, such as group dragon, sitting dragon, walking dragon, ascending dragon and descending dragon. According to the Ming system, the decorative patterns used in the top grade are holding dragons and holding auspicious clouds, holding bones and holding clouds, and auspicious clouds are embedded with eight treasures. In fact, in the Ming and Qing dynasties, the five-claw golden dragon has become a special decoration of the royal family. Another example is that cypress trees are evergreen in winter and summer, and the cold ling does not wither, which extends its biological characteristics to human longevity and has been used to bless longevity for thousands of years; Albizia leaves meet in the morning and evening, which is close to the meaning of husband and wife, and is used to wish husband and wife harmony; Many pomegranates and grapes are the prayers of many children and many blessings; Peach or crane symbolizes longevity. Because of its own characteristics, Chinese characters provide a broad world for homophonic puns. In Chinese, one pronunciation often corresponds to several Chinese characters, so using the same or similar pronunciation can achieve a certain rhetorical effect. For example, a flat bottle means peace, bat fingered citron is happy, magpie is happy, osmanthus is long and expensive, and lily and cypress are hundred. Auspicious patterns Auspicious patterns can also be directly expressed by various styles of auspicious Chinese characters, such as blessing, longevity and happiness. This method of expressing people's good wishes in words was widely used in the Han and Jin Dynasties and developed unprecedentedly in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. For example, the word "longevity" has long been patterned and artistic, and has become a symbol of good luck. According to the statistics of China Mascot, there are more than 300 kinds of figures of "Shou", which can be expressed in various fonts. The long glyph is called "longevity" and the round glyph is called "round longevity" (the ending is disease-free), and it can also be expressed by many words, such as "longevity map". At first, the swastika used by the Nazis was not Chinese characters, but Sanskrit, pronounced Srivatsalalsana, meaning "auspicious symbol of the chest". This is a religious symbol. According to Buddhist works, the Buddha was born again with ten thousand words hidden on his chest. This sign was translated into "auspicious sea clouds" in the past. In the seventh century, when Wu Zetian was in power in the Tang Dynasty, it was officially used as a Chinese character. Since then, the Buddhist scriptures have written it as a homonym "Wan". Although used as Chinese characters, it still appears in the form of patterns. The "Zigzag Water" pattern in auspicious patterns stretches out from four ends and repeats constantly, and is drawn into various chain patterns, which means long and continuous. The pattern of "Wan Zi Qu Shui" is mostly used as the background of the pattern. This mode is most used when pushing clothes. In the past, squires often used this as their robes and jackets, and the robes of monarchs and ministers were embroidered and woven with the swastika used by the Nazis. Common combinations Of course, most of the above three technologies can be combined with each other and used together. At that time, the common pattern combinations were: more than three: bergamot is blessed, peach is long-lived, pomegranate, grape and gourd are numerous. Longevity Changchun: based on ten thousand characters, longevity characters and periwinkle are the themes. Five Blessingg symbolizes longevity: five bats surround the word "longevity", which is usually a round longevity. Bamboo reports peace: bamboo and flowers of peace. Lotus gives birth to cinnamon: lotus or lotus and boy, or add peanuts. Grain harvest: patterns of grain, bees and lanterns. China's auspicious patterns began in the Zhou Dynasty more than 3,000 years ago, and later spread among the people. Today, auspicious patterns are still an indispensable part of China people's lives. For example, the auspicious patterns in China have a wide range of contents. The following are some of the most common: the word "double happiness", which means double happiness, is often used when people hold happy events. The word "shou", the prefix of which is processed and beautified into a symmetrical pattern, means longevity. "Fushou" is a pattern composed of bats and longevity figures. "Bat" and "Fu" are homophonic, indicating happiness and longevity. A symmetrical pattern consisting of two characters "you", which means: both forward and backward. In rural areas of China, it is often attached to the utensils for collecting grain, which indicates a bumper harvest. "Ruyi Tou" symbolizes success. "Baekje", also known as "Pan Chang". It has no head, no tail, no beginning and no end. It can be imagined as many "knots", which are in harmony with the voice of "Baiji". As a symbol of Pepsi's good luck, it also means longevity and endless life. "Four wishes in one", four wishes are interlocking from all sides, symbolizing everything is fine [auspiciousness] which means kindness and benefit; "Auspicious" originally refers to a sign of good luck or bad luck. The combination of these two words means happiness and auspiciousness. Since the Warring States period, the word auspicious has become more and more common. In the Tang Dynasty, Cheng explained: "Lucky people are good things; Since then, the word "good luck" has become a wish for a happy life and all the best. Pursuing good luck and the concept of "good luck" have become an important part of China culture. Mascots and auspicious patterns can be said to be concrete manifestations of auspicious ideas-in order to express the yearning for happiness, joy and celebration, people process the inherent attributes of things, or add artistic symbols, such as attaching myths and legends to something or taking its name as a homonym, and treating it as a good omen, or drawing beautiful stories and festive signs into images. Mascots show the innate nature of human beings to seek good fortune and avoid evil. We can try to taste the touching stories and artistic achievements derived from the pursuit of good fortune without superstition. Even in many sports events today, mascots often appear, and other aspects such as architectural sculptures, wooden ornaments, ceramic carvings, paper-cut window decorations, mural calendars and even trademarks, city logos or advertisements all reflect this expectation for life. The combined use of the word "Ji" is believed to have originated from "Zhuangzi on Earth": "An empty room makes white, and good luck stops. The success of the Tang Dynasty had a solution to this problem: "Lucky people have good things; Auspicious, auspicious signs. "Try to explain the emergence of many Ji Xiangwen pictures with this relief, that is, draw beautiful stories and festive signs into images to express the concept of seeking good luck and exorcism; It can be self-prayer or mutual blessing. On the other hand, many themes and compositions of Ji Xiangwen's paintings are based on "good luck" and "good celebration".