1, Heiko Prümers of the German Institute of Archaeology said in a natural video: In the pre-Spanish era, no one expected that there were such dense social groups in that area ... The height of the pyramid actually reached 20 meters, which meant that a brand-new lost civilization was waiting for us to study and explore.

2. It is reported that for a long time before, archaeologists always thought that before the arrival of Spanish and Portuguese explorers, Amazon might only have small tribes. However, this typical "Eurocentrism" view is being challenged by more and more new scholars.

3. In this new research, Heiko Prümers became interested in lomas mound. Despite years of erosion, it has been covered with dense vegetation. However, the latest excavation research shows that this place is not a so-called garbage dump, but an organized form of tombs and ceremonies, suggesting that there is a complex and hierarchical social composition behind ancient civilization.

It is obviously not an easy task to find the prominent structure on the ground under the canopy of the rainforest. However, the research team skillfully used the lidar equipment installed on the helicopter to create the actual contour of the ground. Recently, this work has proved to be fruitful-the entire Mayan city, even a kilometer-long artificial earthwork area, has been successfully found by them.

The laser beam can pass through branches and leaves and reflect back to the receiver, so that researchers can know the height and structure of the hidden surface. This technology can not only collect and analyze data faster than before, but also easily generate 3D point clouds that are easy to check hidden structures. After some analysis, we can know that these places have large platforms, pyramids, fortifications, reservoirs and even canals, which are connected with hundreds of settlements of different sizes. This is contrary to the assumption that local people belong to nomadic/foraging culture rather than settlement/agricultural culture.

6. As for the Casalabe culture named after the excavation, it is still a mystery to a great extent. Even so, archaeologists have taken a very important step. Heiko Prümers added: We need to wait patiently for further excavation of these sites to explain what we are seeing now. Considering the scale and time cost of this work, Prümers, who has worked here for more than 20 years, still hopes that students can continue to do in-depth research in this field.