There are 140 stone guardrails on both sides of the bridge, and there are 50/kloc-0 lying stone lions on the stigma (data provided by the cultural relics protection department of Lugouqiao), which are different in expression and lifelike. There is a white marble tablet in the pavilion in the east of Qiaodong, titled "Lugou Xiaoyue", which is one of the eight scenic spots in Yanjing. In particular, the construction method of piers and abutments is quite distinctive. The pier is boat-shaped, and the water facing the pier is built as a diversion point, which is shaped like a pointed bow and is used to resist the impact of running water. The stone carvings on the bridge are exquisite. There are 28 1 sentry boxes on the stone guardrail of the bridge, with the height of1.4m. Lotus leaf piers are carved on the stigma, and many stone lions are carved on the top of the column. Numerous stone lions of different sizes and shapes are carved on the watchpost. There is a folk fable saying: "There are countless stone lions in Lugou Bridge", and the Ming Dynasty's "A Brief History of Emperor Scenery" also records that there are countless stone lions in Lugou Bridge. Many tourists want to find out this figure, but they are dazzled by counting it and finally have to give up. 1962, the relevant departments specially sent people to make an inventory, registered one by one, and counted 485 large and small stone lions. At this point, it should be said that it is a mystery. Unexpectedly, in the review of 1979, 17 was found again, so the total number of stone lions should be 502. Whether it will be found in the future, no one dares to draw a full stop
Qiaodong is Wanping County, which was built in the 11th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1638). 1on July 7, 937, Japanese imperialism launched a full-scale war of aggression against China here. The defenders of China, the ancient city of Wanping, rose up to resist, which was called "Lugouqiao Incident" (also known as "July 7th Incident").
The famous architect Luo Zeng described these beautifully carved and lifelike stone lions in the article "Lugou Bridge": "... some look up at the sky; Some eyes stared intently at the bridge deck; Some turned their heads to face, as if talking; Some are raising lions, as if calling softly; There is a stone lion in the south-east of the bridge, and one ear stands high, as if listening to the flowing water and the words of passers-by under the bridge ... It is really varied and vivid. " Famous bridges in the world are good at winning races, but Lugou Bridge is famous at home and abroad for its superb bridge-building technology and exquisite stone lion carving, which is a great spectacle at all times and in all countries.
history
Lugou Bridge was built in June in the 29th year of Jin Dading (A.D. 1 189) and completed in March in the 3rd year of Ming Chang (A.D. 1 192). There are 140 sentries on the stone guardrails on both sides, and stone lions are carved on the stigma, with different shapes. According to the records, there were 627 original books, and there are 50 1 book. [1] Most of the stone lions belong to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and there are also a few remains from the Jin and Yuan Dynasties. "Lugou Xiaoyue" has been listed as one of the "Eight Scenes of Yanjing" since the reign of Jin Zhangzong.
Lugou Bridge was rebuilt in the 9th year of Xiaoyue Monument in Lugou (AD 1444). During the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, the Yongding River flooded and the bridge was damaged. Reconstruction in 1698, Kangxi ordered a monument to be erected at the west end of the bridge to describe the reconstruction of Lugou Bridge. At the eastern end of the bridge, there is a "Lugou Xiaoyue" tablet inscribed by Qianlong. A.D. 1908, after the death of Emperor Guangxu of Qing Dynasty, he was buried in Qing Xiling, Yixian County, Hebei Province, and had to cross Lugou Bridge. Because of the narrow bridge deck, the stone fence beside the bridge had to be removed and a wooden bridge built. Later, the stone fence was restored to its original state.
1On July 7th, 937, Lugouqiao "July 7th Lugouqiao Incident" became the starting point of China's eight-year national War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), the bridge deck was paved with asphalt, the sidewalks were widened and the Stone Lion Pavilion was restored. 196 1 year, Lugouqiao and nearby wanping county were announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. 197 1 year, the new Lugou Bridge, which was built to protect Lugou Bridge and reduce its traffic volume, was completed, but Lugou Bridge continued to undertake transportation tasks. The Lugou Bridge Historical Relics Restoration Committee was established in 1986 to restore the original appearance of Lugou Bridge. The asphalt paved after 1949 and the footpath widened by 1967 were demolished, which restored the original appearance of the ancient bridge, and at the same time moved the traffic of motor vehicles to the adjacent Lugou New Bridge and the later Beijing-Shijiazhuang Expressway.
Repair of Lugou Bridge
In the Ming Dynasty, bridges were built six times from the tenth year of Yongle (A.D. 14 12) to the thirty-fourth year of Jiajing (A.D. 1555). 6 times without major projects.
In the Qing Dynasty, from the first year of Kangxi (A.D. 1662) to Guangxu, the bridge was built seven times, five of which were smaller and only two were slightly larger.
In A.D. 1908, after the death of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, he was buried in Xiling, Yixian County, Hebei Province, to cross this bridge. Due to the narrow bridge deck, the stone fences on both sides of the bridge had to be temporarily removed, and wooden bridges had to be built on both sides to pass the coffin smoothly. Later, the stone fence was restored to its original state.
Yu ti Bai Yu Bei
From 1908 to 1949, there was no overhaul project for Lugou Bridge, only railings and stone lions were added in some places. After the founding of New China, the people's government paved the bridge deck of Lugou Bridge with asphalt, and repaired the pavilions, stone fences and column lions on the bridge. At 1967, more than 400 meters of sidewalks were widened and 59 concrete beams were built. From 65438 to 0986, the Beijing Municipal Government established the "Lugouqiao Historical Relics Restoration Committee" to carry out activities to protect the ancient bridge and restore its original appearance. Make overall plans, mobilize all sectors of society and organize emergency repairs. The project raised 3.55 million yuan. This project demolished 1967 to widen the sidewalk and concrete cantilever beam, and reinforced the original stone fence sentry box; The asphalt was removed and the bridge deck was repaired; At the same time, the ancient city of Wanping was repaired and the tower was restored. And comprehensively improve the pier. All sentry boxes, railings, ground coverings, bridge decks, huabiao, stone tablets, etc. of the ancient bridge are also protected from local weathering and leakage. When the bridge deck is renovated, there is a roof filling in the middle, which completely preserves the original state of the ancient bridge. From June 65438 to June 0997, some stone lions and watchtowers damaged by lightning were repaired and remedied. 197 1 year, in order to protect the old Lugou Bridge, a famous ancient bridge at home and abroad, Beijing built a new Lugou Bridge about one kilometer away from the old Lugou Bridge. This is a river-crossing highway bridge with a span of 17, with a total length of 54.99m and a width of15.5m..
At the eastern end of the bridge is Wanping County, an arch city built to defend Kyoto in the late Ming Dynasty. 1The Lugouqiao Incident broke out here on July 7th, 937, which ignited the raging fire in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, and there are still many bullet marks on the city wall. Now, wanping county has become a monument with great historical significance. There is a China People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Memorial Hall in the north of the city. The east of the city became the "War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Martyrs Cemetery". There are the July 7th Incident Memorial Hall and the China Ancient Bridge Exhibition Hall on the rostrum.
Lugouqiao is a national key cultural relics protection unit.
Lugouqiao event text
Lugo switch fire
After the "September 18th Incident", Japanese imperialism invaded the three northeastern provinces of China, and then invaded North China, in an attempt to extend the clutches of aggression to the whole of China. By the first half of 1937, Beiping was controlled by the Japanese invaders in the east, north and west, and Lugou Bridge in the southwest suburb of Beiping became the main throat for Ping Jin to go south.
1In the middle of the night on July 7, 937, the stars were dim and everything was silent. An armed Japanese army secretly approached Lugou Bridge. China soldiers stationed at Lugouqiao discovered the enemy's situation and shouted, "Who? Password! " A Japanese officer said angrily that one of their soldiers had disappeared and was going to "search" the ancient city of Wanping. This is obviously a naked provocation. In the face of the enemy's unreasonable demands, the China soldiers guarding the bridge immediately sternly refused.
The Japanese army became angry from embarrassment and first fired at the China army. "Dadada ..." Intensive machine gun bullets poured on the deck of Lugou Bridge. China defenders immediately fought back. However, due to the disparity in the number of people, the troops guarding the bridge suffered heavy casualties and had to temporarily retreat to Wanping County at the eastern end of the bridge.
The next morning, the Japanese attacked the ancient city of Wanping. China defenders who had been on alert for a long time fought back, and the Japanese went belly-up. When the Japanese aggressors suffered losses, they brought cannons. With the deafening sound of guns, the east and west gates of Wanping County were exploded. Japanese devils, carrying bayoneted rifles, roared "Yaya" and rushed to the county seat crazily. Brave China defenders raised bright broadswords, braved the enemy's gunfire and rushed out of the county in ShaSheng. The sword was cut on the devil's head, and in an instant, the knife was radiant and blood was splashed. In the smoke and fire, the Japanese aggressors were killed and cried, and fled in confusion.
In the evening, broadsword players with broadswords in their hands and grenades slung over their waists quietly headed for Lugou Bridge. On the bridge, the broadsword players shouted in unison: "Kid, look at the knife!" " "The Japanese invaders were caught off guard, a head fell to the ground and the body crossed the bridge. At this time, our reinforcements came from behind the enemy lines again, attacking from both sides and beating the Japanese aggressors to death. The fierce fighting continued until the early morning of 9: 00, when all the Japanese troops occupying the bridgehead were wiped out, and the Lugou Bridge returned to the hands of the China army.
However, not to be outdone, the Japanese invaders continued to mobilize troops in the Pingjin area and constantly attacked the Japanese army. The Chinese nation is at a critical juncture of life and death.
On the second day of the Lugouqiao Incident, China electrified the whole country and shouted, "Ping Jin is in danger! North China is at stake! The Chinese nation is in danger! " Call on the national army and civilians to unite and drive the Japanese invaders out of China.
The people of the whole country acted quickly. Beiping citizens flocked to the troops to comfort them, and railway workers in Changxindian helped the troops build fortifications day and night. People all over the world and overseas Chinese also called for unity and sent a lot of condolences.
The Lugouqiao Incident opened the prelude of China people's all-round war of resistance. Since then, a great War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression has been in full swing.
annotations
There are countless lions in Lugou Bridge among the people, and all parties have different opinions. According to the data of Lugouqiao Cultural Relics Department.
Lugou Bridge is 266.5 meters long, 7.5 meters wide and 9.3 meters at its widest point. There are 10 piers, 1 1 holes, and the whole bridge body.
[/tr][/tr][/tbody][/table]& lt； ! -NEWSZW _ HZH _ END-& gt； Stone structure, the key parts of which are connected by silver ingots and iron tenons, is the longest ancient stone bridge in northern China. In particular, the construction method of piers and abutments is quite distinctive. The pier is boat-shaped, and the water facing the pier is built as a diversion point, which is shaped like a pointed bow and is used to resist the impact of running water. The stone carvings on the bridge are exquisite. There are 28 1 sentry boxes on the stone guardrail of the bridge, with the height of1.4m. Lotus leaf piers are carved on the stigma, and many stone lions are carved on the top of the column. Numerous stone lions of different sizes and shapes are carved on the watchpost. There is a folk fable saying: "There are countless stone lions in Lugou Bridge", and the Ming Dynasty's "A Brief History of Emperor Scenery" also records that there are countless stone lions in Lugou Bridge. Many tourists want to find out this figure, but they are dazzled by counting it and finally have to give up. 1962, the relevant departments specially sent people to make an inventory, registered one by one, and counted 485 large and small stone lions. At this point, it should be said that this is a mystery. Unexpectedly, in the review of 1979, 17 was found again, so the total number of stone lions should be 502. Whether it will be found in the future, no one dares to draw a full stop The famous architect Luo Zeng described these beautifully carved and lifelike stone lions in the article "Lugou Bridge": "... some look up at the sky; Some eyes are focused on the bridge deck; Some turned their heads to face, as if talking; Some are raising lions, as if calling softly; There is a stone lion in the south-east of the bridge, and one ear stands high, as if listening to the flowing water and the words of passers-by under the bridge ... It is really varied and vivid. " Famous bridges in the world are good at winning races, but Lugou Bridge is famous at home and abroad for its superb bridge-building technology and exquisite stone lion carving, which is a great spectacle at all times and in all countries.