According to reports, the local people in the northwest of Lake Baikal observed a huge fireball across the sky that morning, and its brightness was equivalent to that of the sun. A few minutes later, a bright light lit up the whole sky. Later, the shock wave produced by the explosion shattered the window glass in the vicinity of 650 kilometers, and the mushroom cloud phenomenon was observed. The explosion was recorded by earthquake monitoring points across Eurasia, and the pressure instability caused by it was even detected by the automatic pressure recorder just invented by famous British scientists at that time. Within a few days after the incident, the night sky in Asia and Europe was dark red; There is a hypothesis that this is caused by light passing through ice crystal particles formed at extremely low temperatures in high latitudes, which often happens when the space shuttle returns to the earth's atmosphere. In the United States, the Smithsonian Astrophysics Station and Mount Wilson Observatory have also observed that the transparency of the atmosphere has been declining for at least several months.
Surprisingly, only a few scientists were interested in this impact at that time, probably because the Tunguska area was too remote. Even if there was an investigation in this field at that time, those records should have been lost in the subsequent chaotic times-World War I, Russian Revolution and Russian Civil War.
Nearly 20 years have passed since the first survey was conducted in this area. 192 1 year, the Russian academy of sciences (росийскаяадем) persuaded the Soviet government to give it to them for lack of funds.
Culic's investigation team finally found the explosion site at 1927. To their surprise, there is no crater. The charred dead trees span about 50 kilometers. Several trees near the center of the explosion did not fall down, but their branches and bark were torn off. The fallen tree fell in the opposite direction to the center of the explosion.
In the next 10 year, three more teams were sent to this area. Culic found a small swamp that might be a crater, but after draining the water inside, he found some branches at the bottom, so he was sure it wasn't a crater. At 1938, Kulik asked someone to take an aerial photograph of the whole area, showing that the tree fell in a huge shape like a butterfly, but he still didn't find any craters.
In the 1950s and 1960s, investigation teams found tiny glass balls scattered on the land in this area. Chemical analysis shows that the ball contains a lot of nickel and iridium, which are common metals in meteorites, and it is also determined that they come from outside the earth. In addition, the research team led by Gennady plekhanov found no signs of abnormal radiation, which means that it was not a natural nuclear explosion.
Various assumptions
Meteorite impact
Leonid Culic, a scientist of the former Soviet Union and the first person at the Tunguska site, believes that the Tunguska Big Bang in 1908 was caused by a meteor falling to the ground. Later, American scientists also used computers to simulate the big bang effect caused by the high-speed impact of meteorites in the laboratory. The computer simulation well explains that the ground dust raised by the shock wave reaches the outer layer of the atmosphere, and the reflected sunlight causes the surrounding area of Tunguska to be like day and night. Unfortunately, for a long time, all the field trips did not find any meteorite wreckage.
Nuclear explosion theory
1945 In August, at the end of World War II, the United States dropped the first atomic bomb that shocked the world in Hiroshima, Japan. The atomic bomb exploded at an altitude of 1800 feet above the ground, which brought great disaster to the people of Hiroshima. However, the scene of Hiroshima's atomic bomb destruction unexpectedly gave scientists who studied the "Tunguska Big Bang" new enlightenment. Thunderous explosions, towering columns of fire, mushroom-shaped smoke clouds, as well as violent earthquakes, powerful shock waves and light radiation, are almost similar to the Tunguska Big Bang. Therefore, cassatt, an expert in military engineering in the former Soviet Union, boldly put forward a new viewpoint that 1908 Tunguska Big Bang was a thermonuclear explosion for the first time.
airship
1946, cassatt, who put forward the theory of thermonuclear explosion, not only affirmed that the "Tunguska Big Bang" was a nuclear explosion, but even more surprisingly, he put forward such a bold speculation for the first time not long after: the mysterious monster of the Tunguska Big Bang was the first spaceship to visit our earth.
Billy Mayer's contact notes mentioned the cause of the Tunguska Big Bang:
A galaxy far away from the earth, some planets came into contact with Christianity on the earth and brought it there. The peaceful planet eventually evolved into Star Wars, and finally legislation was made to prohibit landing on the earth in any form. However, an accident caused a spaceship to land in the Tunguska forest in Russia due to technical failure, and 4,300 astronauts were infected with the epidemic on the earth, which was fatal to them. In order to prevent the spaceship from falling into the hands of earthlings, it was finally blown up and sacrificed itself (specific contact time: February 3 1953).
antimatter
1965, three American scientists suggested that the Tunguska Big Bang might be caused by an antimatter-anti-meteorite that landed on the earth from space. In their investigation report, they said that on the same day, a meteorite composed of "antimatter" accidentally broke into the earth, which triggered the disaster. They believe that the collision of 0.5 grams of "anti-iron" with 0.5 grams of iron is enough to produce more destructive power than the atomic bomb that exploded in Hiroshima.
Comet impact
The first person to put forward the theory of comet impact was Petrov, an academician of the former Soviet Academy of Sciences. He believes that the Tunguska Big Bang was caused by a comet made of loose snow from a distant part of the solar system. When it breaks through the earth's surface atmosphere at a speed of 40,000 kilometers per hour, superheated gas is generated due to friction. As soon as this gas touches the ground, it produces a huge shock wave equivalent to the destructive power of several atomic bombs. Due to the rapid evaporation of comets, there is no debris left on the earth as "physical evidence".
Just as the once prosperous reptile dinosaur mysteriously disappeared from the earth 65 million years ago, the "first generation of human civilization" mysteriously disappeared from the earth for some reason. Of course, this hypothesis has yet to be further verified by scientists. If this hypothesis holds, what is the culprit to destroy the "first generation of human civilization"?
At the beginning of this century, a mysterious explosion in Siberia provided clues for scientists to seek answers.
1908 On June 30th, a huge fireball broke through the boundless night sky in Tunguska, Siberia, Russia, and immediately triggered a big explosion equivalent to the energy sum of 1000 Hiroshima atomic bombs. The fire caused by the explosion destroyed hundreds of miles of virgin forest around, and groups of reindeer were reduced to ashes in the fire. Within a few days after the Big Bang, the 9000-mile sky in Tunguska Fiona Fang was shrouded in a gray orange, like a huge fireball. Western Europeans can read newspapers at night without lights!
Because of the remoteness of Tunguska, nobody cared about the Big Bang in the first decade. It was not until 1927 that Culic, a geologist from the former Soviet Union, led a team to visit the site. The endless charred trees led the explorers to conclude that the fire broke out in a wide range. Some explorers speculated that the fire was caused by volcanic eruption. However, no crater was found in the explosion area. Obviously, this speculation is wrong. Determined to find out the real cause of the Big Bang, coolidge visited many witnesses whose fireballs fell from the sky, and went deep into the Tunguska area for four times, and made a detailed field investigation. Finally, he came to the conclusion that a huge meteorite was moving rapidly, and after rubbing with the atmosphere, it was fully burned and decomposed, resulting in BIGBANG. However, if so, we will definitely find meteorite fragments in this area. Unfortunately, coolidge and many expedition members experienced many difficulties and failed to find any meteorite fragments.
During World War II, the investigation of the Tunguska Big Bang was once interrupted. After World War II, because human beings experienced the power of nuclear explosion for the first time, it was pointed out that only nuclear explosion would have such great destructive power. However, people mastered the nuclear explosion technology in the 1940s, so how did the nuclear explosion of 1908 come into being? There can only be one explanation: aliens did it. For a time, this view was a sensation and the whole world was full of enthusiasm. Scientists speculate that it was an alien spaceship accident? And experiments conducted by aliens on earth? However, this speculation can't find any scientific basis.
Tunguska has attracted enough attention from scientists in the former Soviet Union. Many first-class scientists go to Tunguska every summer, and they collect a lot of information.
One of the scientists named Fast measured that the trees destroyed by the big bang covered an area of about 850 square miles. Later, after 35 years of hard work, Fast spelled out a detailed map of the destroyed trees in this area. According to this map, scientists calculated that this virgin forest was destroyed by a celestial body flying from west to east, equivalent to1~ 20 million TNT equivalent, and exploded at a height of 4 miles from the ground. At this point, the real cause of the big bang gradually surfaced.
With the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the Cold War ended. A large number of western scientists flocked to Tunguska, and their interest in Tunguska was obvious. It is of great significance for human beings to find out the real reason of BIGBANG. No matter whether the "first generation of human civilization" still exists or not, and how it was destroyed, it is no small progress for scientists to find out the reason for the mysterious disappearance of dinosaurs 65 million years ago.
Italian nuclear physicists tested by heavy isotope method, and the content of trace elements in fir destroyed in 1908 was much higher than that in other years, so these trace elements could not have originated from the earth. Obviously, the Big Bang was related to meteorites.
In the laboratory, American scientists simulated the vacuum effect in BIGBANG by computer: when a meteorite with a diameter of about 200 feet crashed into the earth at an angle of 45, it was fully burned and decomposed due to the intense friction with the atmosphere, and it exploded only four miles from the ground. The ground dust raised by the shock wave reached the outer layer of the atmosphere, and the reflected sunlight just explained the day and night around Tunguska.
theory of black holes
1973, two scientists from the University of Texas, Jackson and Ryan, proposed that the Tunguska Big Bang was caused by a small black hole (about 1023 kg) passing through the earth. It is inferred that this small black hole passed through the earth somewhere in the Atlantic Ocean between Iceland and Newfoundland. However, this assumption is not widely accepted, because there is no evidence that a second explosion will occur when a black hole passes through the earth. Later, people found that black holes have been emitting a lot of X-rays and γ-rays. According to stephen william hawking's theory, the smaller the mass of a black hole, the faster it "evaporates". Such a small black hole "evaporated" before reaching the earth.
Ufo dialogue
The UFO theory was first put forward by Alexander kazantsev, a Soviet military engineering expert, in 1945. He was inspired by the atomic bomb that exploded in Japan in World War II. He felt that the thunderous explosion, towering columns of fire, violent earthquakes, powerful shock waves and light radiation in the Tunguska Big Bang were very similar to nuclear explosions. So he put forward the theory of nuclear explosion in August 1945. Some people think that the Tunguska Big Bang was a nuclear explosion. Furthermore, 1946, he boldly proposed that the nuclear explosion was caused by an alien spacecraft visiting the earth.
This explanation has aroused great interest of many UFO fans. Since then, the Tunguska Big Bang has been closely related to extraterrestrial intelligent life. Some people think that the explosion was caused by the nuclear explosion of an alien spacecraft, some people think that the spacecraft disintegrated, some people think that alien intelligence used lasers to detect the earth, and some people think that aliens solved an unknown disaster for the earth through the Tunguska Big Bang. However, this explanation has always been very popular because it can attract people's curiosity.