He Tengjiao, born in Liping, Guizhou. The first year of the Apocalypse (162 1) was selected in the countryside. Chongzhen years, awarded Nanyang magistrate. The local roads extend in all directions, and thieves often haunt here and leave after many defeats. Later, Chen Bigan, who followed the governor, wiped out thieves and soldiers in Angang Mountain, captured more than 400 heads alive and cracked down on local thieves and bandits, so he gained great fame. He was promoted to Minister of War, and then became Foreign Minister. Then he was released as a Huailai soldier and later transferred to Koubei Road. Teng Jiao is quick-thinking and praised everywhere he goes. During his mother's death, Governor Liu Yongzuo recommended to the court that he was capable and asked him to give up filial piety and come out to his post. Teng Jiao disagreed, resolutely declined, and went home. After the mourning clothes were removed, as a preparation for Huai Xu's soldiers, the local bandits were flattened and the area under their jurisdiction was quiet.

In the winter of the sixteenth year of Chongzhen (1643), he was appointed as the imperial adviser of Youdu instead of Wang Jukui to inspect Huguang. At this time, most of Hubei's territory fell, only Wuchang was in hand, and a large number of troops were stationed in Zuo Liangyu, which was illegal. Teng Jiao and Liang Yu get along well, and they finally get along well. The following spring, they sent generals Hui Dengxiang and Mao Xianwen to retake De 'an and Suizhou.

In May, the Axe King ascended the throne. The imperial edict arrived, and Liang Yusheng was stationed in Hanyang. His subordinates opposed it and didn't want to see it. Teng Jiao said: "National security depends on this. If you don't accept the imperial edict, I will have to die for my country. " When he arrived at Liang Yusheng's residence, Liang Yusheng had listened to Rudin of Ji Zheng and read the letter according to the etiquette. Ji Zheng is the official name set by Liangyu. In August, the axe king ordered Teng Jiaobing's right assistant minister to take the place of Li Gande to patrol Hunan. Before long, the court put him in charge of military affairs in Huguang, Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou, and called the general manager Yang E back. In March of the following year, a prince came to Nanjing from the north. Both inside and outside Beijing thought it was a real prince, and the ministers in the DPRK thought it was a fake. Teng Jiao tried to say that he could not be killed, which was contrary to the ruling National People's Congress.

Soon, Liang Yusheng led an army to revolt and invited Teng Jiao to go with him. Teng Jiao disagreed, Liangyu threatened to kill all the people in the city, and the soldiers scrambled to hide in his office. Teng Jiao sat at the gate and let them go in for shelter. Liangyu destroyed the courtyard wall and set fire to it, and all the refugees were burned to death. Teng Jiao quickly took off his official seal and gave it to his family, ordering them to flee quickly. He planned to commit suicide and was kidnapped by Liangyu Department. Liangyu wanted to sit in the same boat with him, but Teng Jiao refused, so he put him in another boat and let four lieutenants hold him. Ship to Hanyangmen, Teng Jiao jumps into the river. Four lieutenants jumped into the water for fear of being beheaded. Teng jiao floated on the water for more than ten miles and was rescued by the people on the fishing boat. He just landed in front of the temple of Guan Bei Mihou, a general of the former Han Dynasty. The family with his official seal just arrived at this moment, and they were all surprised after meeting. Looking back for the fishing boat, it suddenly disappeared. People from far and near said that Teng Jiao was blessed by God because of his loyalty and righteousness, and he became more attached to him from then on.

Teng Jiao then turned from Ningzhou to Liuyang and arrived in Changsha. Gathered in the past, his subordinates, such as Du Yinxi, Fu Shangrui, Yan Qiheng, Zhang Kuang, Zhou Daqi and Wu Jinxi, made painful covenants and vows. They distributed horses, boats, food and grass, and set up several armed forces as leaders. Yin was appointed as the governor of Hubei, Shang Rui was appointed as the governor of Hunan, and he was appointed as the governor to supervise the army and supervise the government. Qi Heng was originally a Taoist official of Heng and Yong, so he was allowed to supervise the commissary of the two counties, and Jin served as a Taoist official of Chen and Gui in Changsha. He ordered the payment of the deputy generals Huang Chaoxuan, Zhang Xianbi and Liu Lingbing. Chao Xuan followed the Swallow's Nest, first from Xupu and then from Wugang. Wei Jun was a little happy. At this time, Liangyu was already dead.

In May of the second year of Shunzhi (1645), the Qing soldiers fell, and Zhu, the king of the Tang Dynasty, became king in Fuzhou. When the axe king lived in Nanyang, he knew Teng Jiao was capable, so he was more valued. After Li Zicheng was killed in Jiugongshan, his generals Liu Tiren and Hao decided to join Tengjiao because they didn't have a coach. They led 40,000 to 50,000 people to suddenly enter Xiangyin, which is only over 100 miles away from Changsha. People in the city didn't know that they had come to surrender. They were very scared. Chao Xuan led his troops back to the bird's nest. Shang Rui asked Teng Jiao to go out for a while. Teng Jiao said, "It's the same to die at the hands of Zuo Liangyu and thieves. Why do you want to escape? " Changsha county magistrate asked to spy on them on Tuesday, and Teng Jiao sent 1000 people to protect him. The thief soldier thought he was coming to fight, so he shot him with an arrow and all the soldiers who followed him died. The city was even more afraid, and all the gentry, people, men and women fled. Teng Jiao discussed with puffed up and sent Wan Dapeng and other two people to woo him. When the thieves saw that there were only two horses, they welcomed them into the martial arts field and entertained them with wine and meat. The two of them didn't say a word, just drinking with the thieves. After drinking, the thief asked him what he had come for, and they replied that the governor thought Huaiyin was too small for the army, so please move to Changsha. So he took out Teng Jiao's personal letter and asked them to say, "Mr. He is waiting for the day when you surrender, and he vowed to ensure that you will enjoy happiness forever." Waving the flag and others were very happy and immediately took Dapeng to Changsha. Teng Jiao frankly comforted and sympathized with them, hosted a banquet and binged drinking, and rewarded the accompanying officials with beef and wine. Teng Jiao ordered Xianbi to lead 30,000 soldiers to practice riding and shooting, and the big and small military flags covered the sky. Flag waving and others were very happy, and gathered their confidants Yuan Zongdi, Lin Zicheng, Niu, etc. To yield, and suddenly increased by more than one hundred thousand soldiers, greatly boosted the military.

Before long, Li Zicheng's generals Li Jin and Gao Bi were leading hundreds of thousands of troops to approach Changde. Teng Jiao ordered Yin to take him to Jingzhou. Li Jin was Li Zicheng's nephew, and later the court named him Red Heart. It must be Gao's brother, his self-contained wife. Gao said to Li Jin, "Would you rather be a thief or a general?" Li Jindao: "What does this mean?" Gao said, "If you want to be a thief, don't say anything. If you want to build a country by yourself, you should love the people and be controlled by the Lord. You can't have two hearts even if you die. This is my hope for you. " Li Jin said, "Yes." Teng Jiao is afraid that Li Jin is arrogant and illegal. Then one day, after his military camp, he visited Gao's family and made two obeisances. Etiquette is very respectful. Gao was very happy and warned his nephew not to forget Mr. He. Li Jin has no normal motives since then.

After twenty years of chaos in the world, he captured the imperial capital and subverted the temple fair. Hundreds of thousands of his soldiers finally joined Tengjiao. Teng Jiao only wrote that the culprit had been removed and gave vent to the grievances of the gods a little. He should go to the suburban temple to worship the gods and never talk about his merits and demerits. Tang Wang was very happy, and immediately appointed him as a university student of Dongge and a minister of the Ministry of War, and added him as Dingxingbo. He still commanded the army, but he suspected that his death was untrue. Teng Jiao must have died by himself, and his body had rotted. Teng Jiao didn't dare to take the initiative to pretend, and resolutely put a title on herself by politely declining. King Tang forbade him to decline politely and ordered him to plot to capture Jiangxi and Du Nan.

At this time, many soldiers have defected. Teng Jiao intended to mix the original troops into it, so he presented Chao Xuan and Xian Bi as company commanders, and together with Chi Xin, Hao Yongzhong, Zong Di, Dong Ying, Ma, Cao Zhijian, Wang Yuncheng and Lu Ding, they opened up a military center in Hunan and Hubei. That's what I said at the time. Yongzhong is a flag-waving, Dong Ying is Zhong Jun of Teng Jiao, Zhijian is Zhong Jun of former governor Liu Xizuo, and the rest are old generals of Liang Yusheng.

Teng Jiao insisted on sending troops to the east, so he asked Tang Wang to send troops to fight. In the first month of the following year, Li Yingpin, the army supervisor, took the lead in going to Xiangyin and agreed to meet other generals at the Yuezhou meeting. Xianbi stayed where she was and refused to come. Other armies are also watching each other. Only Chixin arrived from Hubei, was defeated by the Qing soldiers, and then returned. All the troops in the towns were in vain, and Teng Jiaowei's letter was damaged. The generals at that time were arrogant, greedy and cruel, especially Chao Xuan. He robbed people and skinned them, and Yongzhong followed his example. Every day he doesn't kill people, and Teng Jiao can't stop him. In the past, Yang E, the old governor, lost his morale because of the deduction of his pay. Now he has become a partial governor. Teng Jiao said something about this, and the court recalled Yang E.

After many discussions, he was stopped by Zheng. Teng Jiao repeatedly asked the Tang King to visit Jiangxi, so as to join forces to capture Jiangxi. Tang Wang sent messengers to retreat, and Teng Jiao sent five thousand elite cavalry from Yongzhong to apply. Yongzhong refused to go and arrived in Chenzhou in May. Just when the Qing soldiers captured Tingzhou, Yu Jian was captured and died, and Ganzhou also fell. Teng Jiao was very sad when he learned of the death of King Tang, but he still managed to control the army and guard the border as usual.

Later, when I heard that Wang Yongming ascended the throne, my heart calmed down a little. Soon, King Yongming asked Teng Jiao to be a university student in Wuying Hall, and added a crown to Prince Taibao. Wang Jincai was originally guarding Yiyang. I heard that the Qing soldiers were approaching and returned to Changsha.

In the spring of four years, Jin Cai, under the threat of insufficient military pay, robbed extensively in the local area and has been robbing Xiangyin. As soon as the Qing soldiers arrived in Changsha, Jin Cai fled to Hubei. Unable to guard, Teng Jiao fled to Hengzhou alone, and Changsha and Xiangyin fell together. At this time, Lu Dingzheng was guarding Hengzhou, but Xianbei's army suddenly arrived and plundered it. Lu Ding couldn't help it and fled to Yongzhou. Xian Bi then took Teng Jiao to Qiyang, and from the path to Chenzhou. Teng Jiao fled back to Yongzhou halfway. On shaky footing, Luding's generals also began to plunder. Lu Ding fled to Daozhou, Teng Jiao and assistant minister Yan Qiheng ran to Baiya City, and the Qing soldiers took Hengzhou and Yongzhou. At the beginning, Teng Jiao established thirteen military towns to defend Changsha. Now all the troops themselves have become thieves. What are we talking about, defending the country? The Qing soldiers entered Hengzhou, and the garrison commander Huang Chaoxuan surrendered. The Qing soldiers listed his crimes and dismembered him, and the people around him applauded. The Qing government made a magistrate guard Yongzhou. Zhou Jintang, deputy commander in chief, found that guarding city was weak. At night, he led the troops to beat drums and shout, and climbed up the wall. The magistrate abandoned the city and fled, and Jintang entered Yongzhou.

In June, Teng Jiao was in Baiya. Wang Yongming secretly sent an ambassador from China to tell him about Liu's crimes and ordered him to go to Wugang to get rid of him. Teng Jiao went to visit King Yongming, and both King Yongming and the Queen Mother summoned him. Yin Cheng started as a primary school and became a general under the recommendation of Teng Jiao. Now he has gradually become proud. Teng Jiao summoned troops in Changsha, and Yin Cheng was very angry. He said, "When you sent Chao Xuan and Xian Bi's troops, Zhang Kuang personally went there to put in a good word, but now you have military orders to order me." So he sent cavalry to Liping, took Teng Jiao's son hostage and extorted tens of thousands of money. Teng Jiao's son fled back and told him that Yin Cheng would lead the army only after Teng Jiao sent away the puffed up. Teng Jiao and his children are in-laws, which makes Yin Cheng even more arrogant. At this time, he was awarded the title of An Guogong, the honor level was Yahweh, and he was awarded Fang Shangjian, which made him even more arrogant. Yin Cheng envied Teng Jiao's position above himself and wanted to seize his power. He asked the court to make him a senior minister of the Housing Department to manage the expenses, but Wang Yongming disagreed with his suggestion. Wang Yongming summoned Teng Jiao and planned to clean up, but Teng Jiao had no army, so he ordered Zhao and Yunnan reinforcements general Hu Yiqing to be handed over to him. When he said goodbye, he got a silver coin and ordered the court minister to hold a farewell party for him in the suburbs. Yin Cheng ambushed a thousand cavalry to attack Tengjiao, and the soldiers selected by India struggled to resist and wiped them out, so Tengjiao was able to return to Baiya.

In August, the Qing soldiers laid Wugang, and Yin Cheng surrendered. Wang Yongming fled to Jingzhou first, and then to Longcheng. Changde and Baoqing fell, and Yongzhou fell again. Wang Yongming intends to return to Guilin, and Guilin has only Jiao Lian's weak strength. Teng Jiao led Xuan Yin and Yiqing's troops to support them in the city. However, Hao Yongzhong, Hou of Nan 'an, suddenly arrived with more than 10,000 troops, intending to fight Jiao Lian's army. Just as the army of Luding arrived, Tengjiao flourished to adjust each other, and Guilin settled down. So Teng Jiao sent Jiao Lian, Yong Zhong, Lu Ding, Xuan Yin and Yi Qing to guard Xing 'an, Lingchuan, Yongning and Yining counties respectively, and Teng Jiao led five generals to jointly resist.

In the first month of the fifth year (1648), Wang Yongming lived in Guilin, taking Teng Jiao as his surname, and his descendants were hereditary. In February, the Qing soldiers laid the whole state and arrived in Xing 'an. Yongzhong's army was defeated and fled to Guilin, forcing Yongming Wang to move westward, despite the looting by soldiers in Guilin. Teng Jiao came to Guilin from Yongfu. The Qing soldiers knew about Guilin and went straight to the north gate. Teng Jiao ordered Jiao Lian, Yiqing and others to guard the three gates respectively, and the Qing soldiers returned to Quanzhou. It happened that Jin Shengheng and Li Chengdong betrayed the Qing soldiers and led the army to take refuge in King Yongming. The Qing soldiers in Hunan had to return temporarily, and Teng Jiao occupied the whole state. Hou Cao Zhijian, Yizhang Hou Luding, Xinxing Hou Jiaolian and Xinning Hou Zhao were also sent to attack Yongzhou and besieged it for three months. After 36 battles, Yongzhou was captured at the beginning of 1 1. Soon, the supervisor Yu and his boss Li Jiachun occupied Hengzhou, and other generals also occupied Hengzhou. Ma Jinzhong laid the foundation for Changde, and most of the lost websites were restored.

Teng Jiao intends to March into Changsha. Just blocked Yin and hated Jin Zhong, so he recruited Li Chixin's army from Kuizhou and asked Jin Zhong to give Changde to him. Jinzhong was very angry. He expelled all the residents in the city, burned down the houses and moved to Wugang. Wang Jincai, the commander-in-chief of Baoqing, abandoned the city, and all the people were defeated. Red hearts and other generals swept the town wherever they went, then abandoned the city to the east and headed for Changsha. Teng Jiao was stationed in Hengzhou at that time. He was very surprised to hear the news. In the first month of six years, Jinzhong was ordered to leave Yiyang for Changsha, agreed to meet the generals, and then personally went to Zhongyi Camp to invite Chi Zhongan to stay in Hengzhou. Teng Jiao's 6,000 soldiers were afraid of being attacked by the loyalty camp, so they dared not let them defend themselves. They only brought 30 officers and soldiers. As soon as they saw it, they heard that their hearts were eastward, so they followed him to Xiangtan. Xiangtan is an empty city, so it left unguarded. Teng Jiao went in and paused. Knowing that Teng Jiao had entered this empty city, the Qing soldiers sent general Li Yong to lead the troops into the city. Li Yong used to be a general under Teng Jiao. After entering the city, he led the soldiers to salute Teng Jiao and advised him to surrender. Teng Jiao swore, so Li Yong hijacked him. Teng Jiaozhai quit for seven days, and the Qing soldiers had to kill him. After learning this news, Yongming Wang was heartbroken and paid many sacrifices. He was posthumously awarded as King Zhongxiang, and Wen Lie died, and his son Wen Rui became an adviser to the court.

original text

He Tengjiao, born in Liping, Guizhou. The first year of the apocalypse was held in the countryside. Chongzhen was awarded the magistrate of Nanyang. Fourth, thieves come and go, and the number is frustrated. For a long time, the benefits for the bandits are well known. Move to the Ministry of War, join Yuan Wailang, prepare for Huailai soldiers, and turn to North Road. This is called "talent" and "exquisiteness". Liu Yongzuo, the satrap, was worried about his mother, recommended his sage and begged for love. If Teng Jiao fails, I will resign.

In the winter of 16 years, Bai Deli was appointed as an imperial advisor, replacing Wang Jukui as governor of Huguang. Hubei lost all its land, Wuchang stopped, and Zuo Liangyu troops were stationed. Teng Jiao and Liang Yu have sexual relations and get along well. In May, Fu went out. Zhao Zhi and Liang Yusheng are stationed in Hanyang. His subordinates have objections and don't want to start reading. Teng Jiao said: "National security depends on this. If you don't obey the imperial edict, you will die for it. " Nothing, Liang Yu transferred soldiers to revolt and invited Teng Jiao to accompany him. If he can't, he will kill the people in the city to rob him. The sergeants scrambled to hide in his department, and Teng Jiao sat at the gate and entered vertically. Liangyu went through the wall and caught fire, and the refugees were burned to death. Teng Jiao hurriedly untied the seal, handed it over to his family and ordered them to leave as soon as possible. He will be complacent and will be supported by Liangyu Department. Liangyu is eager to help each other in the same boat, but she will not be left behind. The ship was guarded by four lieutenants, and Hanyangmen jumped into the river. The four people were afraid of punishment and floated in the water for more than ten miles. When the fishing boat was rescued, the former general of Han Dynasty was in front of the temple back palace. Family members who were pregnant with seals also arrived, and they were shocked by each other. Looking for a fishing boat, it suddenly disappeared. Distance means that Teng Jiao's loyalty has been blessed by God, and it is beneficial to return to his heart.

In the first month of the sixth year of King Yongming, Jin Jinzhong (1) left Changsha from Yiyang. The generals expected to finish the meeting and the pro-loyal camp invited him to join the balance. There are 6,000 men under him, and they are afraid of the loyalty camp and don't protect their behavior. They only took 30 officials and soldiers. It is approaching, and it is said that its army has reached the east, that is, its tail will reach Xiangtan. Xiangtan is also an empty city, but it doesn't keep its heart and lives in it. Knowing that Teng Jiao had entered an empty city, he sent Xu Yong to lead the troops. Yong, a former general of Teng Jiao, led his soldier Robb and persuaded Teng Jiao to surrender. Teng Jiao was so angry that he bravely hugged him. If you fast for seven days, you will be killed. Wang Yongming listened to the condolences and offered a sacrifice to Wang Jiu, the king of Zhong Xiang.

Excerpts from biography of He Tengjiao in Ming Dynasty.