Wu was an outstanding novelist in Qing Dynasty. Min Xuan is a pepper man. When young people lived freely, their family business declined and they moved to Jiangning. The governor of Anhui wants to recommend him to be well-read and try his writing, so that he won't get sick. Good poetry, especially novels. The Scholars is a masterpiece of China's classical satirical novels. Another episode of Wenmu Mountain House. In the fourth year of Kangxi, he was born into a wealthy bureaucratic landlord family in Jingzi. Wu 13 years old lost his mother, 14 years old went to school with his father. He dabbled in countless famous books and read almost everything. 18-year-old Zhong Xiucai, your young and promising son. At the age of 23, my father lost his job because he offended his boss, and soon died of illness. After his father lost his official position, Wu saw the ugliness of official relations. After the death of his father, close relatives deliberately encroached on the inheritance. During this life experience, he saw the true face of the world more clearly, lived more indulgently, spent money like water and gave everything when he was poor. In the past decades, his property has been sold and his slaves have fled. He saw through the human feelings in the dispute and his closest relatives invaded his family. After the downfall of the Wu family, all the people and neighbors discriminated against him, laughed at him and regarded him as the black sheep of the Wu family. All the people he gave generously alienated him. He can. I no longer live in his hometown. At the age of 33, Wu moved to Nanjing with infinite resentment. Since then, the idea of despising fame has become more firm. He likes to make friends with guests and travel all over Jiangsu and Zhejiang. When Wu was thirty-six, Zhao, the governor of Anhui, recommended him to take the exam. He refused because of illness. At that time, he lived in poverty, mainly relying on selling articles and friends to support him. Sometimes when you are penniless and hungry, you drink cold water and sleep when you are full. Poor life makes his eyes brighter and his rebellious thoughts stronger. He devoted all his feelings to the writing of feudal literati. Some American scholars in Wu tried their best to get into the school; Some officials plundered the people's wealth and destroyed it during the examination. The ugliness of feudal literati was exposed completely. He gives sympathy and respect to self-supporting scholars. Wu reveals the historical trend of stereotyped writing's inevitable demise by describing the different circumstances of Confucian scholars. Wu is a sharp-eyed and insightful writer. Unfortunately, a poor life took his life prematurely. He died of illness and lived for fifty-three years soon after writing The Scholars. A book, written during the Qianlong period, lived in Qinhuai and was completed in the fifteenth year of Qianlong. Cheng Jinfang made it clear in The Scholars that he copied 50 volumes of novels of the Tang Dynasty, which were so bad that they were written by literati. However, these 50 volumes no longer exist. The earliest extant is the printed edition of Woxian Caotang in the eighth year of Jiaqing, with a total of 56 volumes. This is a satire novel. The story of the novel is set in the middle of Ming Dynasty, but the actual story is about China society under the rule of Qing Dynasty in18th century. Most of the characters in the novel are based on real people and things, and after his artistic processing, they become typical artistic images. One of the most important achievements is to describe the different images of different types of intellectuals in feudal society, write the mentality of intellectuals of all classes, and show the traditional life of China literati society. For example, people's ethical relations and social relations are destroyed by people. They pursue fame and fortune, their moral values depreciate, their values are not affirmed, their intelligence and personality are low, they do not pay attention to moral self-discipline, they lose the ability to fill their stomachs, and they float in the contradiction between tradition and secularism. In the description, Wu sharply satirized and attacked those students who were greedy for fame and fortune, such as tragicomedy, revealing how the imperial examination system corroded the hearts of scholars and the reasons why scholars were keen on the imperial examination. Some scholars appeared in the year of teacher Wenmu's biography. They tried their best to imitate.

I have worked hard all my life, and I am still a child in my sixties. I lost the museum and took some businessmen to the provincial capital to keep accounts for the businessmen. I went to see a doctor in Hiram Hospital, cried when I saw the number plate, and finally cried until I vomited blood. He has no worries about his home country, but complains that he is the bitter water of old boys. After the charity event, they were put in prison. Once you pass the exam, you will change the world. No kiss, no kiss. Such an ordinary story reveals the close relationship between fame and fortune. In 200 A.D., Wu especially criticized the anesthesia and poison of the imperial examination system. In this respect, his works successfully shaped the typical image of Jin Fan. Jin Fan is obsessed with the reputation of imperial examinations. He began to take the exam at the age of 20 and stayed until he was 54. He has not succeeded yet. Zhou Jin was appointed as a Guangdong scholar and Jin Fan was admitted. He borrowed money from his father-in-law, Hu, to take the country exam, but he couldn't raise it. I don't understand. Being scolded by the dog, I had to go to the city without telling my father-in-law. When I got home, my family had been hungry for two or three days. There was no breakfast rice at home on the day of publication, so we had to sell it with the hens who laid eggs. I didn't. I don't expect him to be a juror. When people told him the news of this episode, he fell back with excitement, gritted his teeth and was unconscious. After being rescued. He has long hair, a yellow face, smelly water and a running shoe. He didn't. He doesn't care about anything. He just clapped his hands and shouted with a smile, OK! That's right. Later, I was slapped and returned to normal. From then on, people began to please Jin Fan by giving him a house, real estate, clothes, cups and plates. Fan became famous in the imperial examination, from a poor man to a bureaucrat. Through this description, the poison of the scientific system to feudal intellectuals is completely revealed. Through different types of characters, the novel reveals from different angles how the imperial examination system paralyzes people, makes them degenerate spiritually, morally and lead a decadent life. For example, Kuang, who used to be cautious, mature and steady, started as the top scholar in the exam and finally became a boastful, flattering, ungrateful and shameless hooligan. Mr. Ma is very courageous and can be a generous husband. He gave Kuang Chaoren twelve taels of silver and advised Kuang Chaoren to say that he just had the ability to go to school. He won the to be no.1 and was immediately commended. Also said that the book has its own golden house, the book has its own thousand millet, and the book has its own Yan Ruyu. What is a book now? This is an anthology of our articles. It can be seen that there is only room for eight-part essay in the chest. How vulgar and pedantic is it? Wu's feudal morality, such as filial piety T, is highly valued and promoted as a virtue. However, real life made him see false morality. Many scholars differ in their words and deeds. Their words are benevolence and morality, but their actions are just the opposite. For example, in the fifth chapter, Wang De and Wang Ren are both in the classroom. They are very talented and famous people. What they say verbally is all the people we study, and they are all making an outline. In fact, all they think about is snowflakes and silver. Money can be desperate. In order to compete for the right of inheritance, Yan Sheng made an heir and was promoted to the public, but he was full of swearing. Our squire family, all these gifts can be mistakes that we can't make, so we must be justified. The characters in the novel reveal the current situation that feudal morality is completely bankrupt in the face of money and power with the words and deeds of the author. In addition, Wu also exposed the hypocrisy of some feudal morals. 48. What impressed Wang Yuhui most was her daughter's suicide and martyrdom. Wang Yuhui, who has been a scholar for thirty years, is a pedant. He once made up his mind to compile a gift book and a dictionary. He abides by feudal ethics. When he heard that his daughter was going to die for her husband, he told her that it was a famous event in history. Should I stop you? After h

This description vividly shows the essence and hypocrisy of the feudal ethics of eating people; It shows how cruel and cruel martyrdom advocated by the feudal ruling class is. I have also written some images of various prodigal scholars. For example, Niu Pulang's grandfather opened a small incense shop. Because I was studying in Kanluoji, I stole Niu Buyi's poems, so I carved my name and number with two seals and took Niu Buyi's poems as my own. I thought that as long as I could write two poems, I wouldn't. I didn't want to go to school, so I could associate with these masters. What an honor! Also pretend to invite Dong county magistrate to meet his in-laws, trying to scare them. What is shown above is Niu Pulan's meanness and snobbery. There are Xiao and Xin Dong, who live as vagrants and have no fixed place. They cheat people, cheat money, kidnap their wives and eat and drink for nothing in the name of selecting essays. Born in a rich family, Du Fu always lived in a pretentious sense of superiority, forming a dual personality structure, which made him afraid to face up to the contradictions and falsehood in his subconscious, his name was completely out of touch with reality, his appearance was different, and he lacked the courage to express his true thoughts. He pretends to be lofty, but he spends all day with a group of rogue literati. He cursed the woman in front of his friends. Which is better? My brother's temperament is that she smells her stench and is three rooms away from a woman. He secretly asked the matchmaker to find him a beautiful girl to be his concubine. Du is also elegant, so vulgar. He also created many positive figures and entrusted the author's ideals and viewpoints. The first topic is wedge wedge: in a zaju, a short passage added before the first fold or inserted before the second fold is the introduction of the novel. To paraphrase Dayi Chen, the full text is attached by a famous person. Obviously, the author's intention to write a book is hidden here. At the end of chapter 55, the author affirmed and praised Wang Mian and four absurd figures who echoed Wang Mian from afar. These people come from the public and have certain cultural knowledge. Tang did not pursue fame and wealth, hated power, had to collude with the upper class, maintained a quiet and noble style, and was willing to be poor and self-reliant. Wang Mian, in particular, concentrated on his moral qualities of herding cattle and selling paintings for a living and being content with poverty. Taking the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period as an example, he resolutely refused the invitation of the government and evaded the emperor's recruitment. At the same time, he reads widely, and there are many topics in astronomy, geography and history. There is also the Confucian political view of serving people with righteousness. These characteristics of Wang Mian, generally including the main aspects of Wu, are ideal. Some positive characters in Wu's works have a common feature, that is, they respect their own personality and ideals and are unwilling to discredit themselves for fame and fortune. For example, Zhuang Shaoguang and Chi Hengshan represent an idealized feudal thought. They advocate writing books and being polite to farmers, which is the embodiment of authentic orthodoxy. Another example is Du, who used to be a rich boy. He attached great importance to filial piety, looked down on academic achievements, valued wealth over righteousness, and was unwilling to be bound by feudal ethics. The governor suggested that he go to Beijing to see the emperor, but he pretended to be ill. Later, I was poor enough to sell articles for a living, but I had no worries about food and clothing, and my friends were satisfied with happiness. The author once praised another moral article by Du Fu, the first person today. According to feudal orthodoxy, these people cheated: this means violating Confucian classics and norms. Today's metaphor deviates from orthodox teachings or norms. In addition, Du made a living by writing Wang Mian's paintings and essays, while Wu's noble and precious self-reliance thought was the highlight of Bao's busking, which was used to oppose those literati who sold their souls for status, power and wealth. The Scholars is China's first satirical novel. Since The Scholars, China's American novels have been regarded as satirical novels, which completely and comprehensively show China's aesthetic tradition. In addition to the clever use of satirical literature

The publication of China's first classical satirical novel is one of the representative works of satirical novels in Qing Dynasty.