Juren is a qualification obtained after passing the provincial examination, also known as filial piety. The rural examination is held every three years, so it is also called Qiu Wei, because it is in autumn. After having obtained the township examination, officials from various ministries or scholars from Hanlin took the examination, and provincial governors served as invigilators. Candidates who take the township examination must be Jinshi, and the place is in the provincial Hiram's hospital. The rural examination is divided into three sections, including eight-part essay, poetry test, table, judgment, theory and strategy. Before handing the examination paper to the examiner, someone should copy it to prevent cheating. After the list of qualified students is determined, it will be posted in front of the governor's yamen. At this time, sweet-scented osmanthus is fragrant, so this list is also called Guibang. Being a juren means that one foot has entered the official career. Even if you fail in the exam in the future, you will have the opportunity to be a scholar and a magistrate.
In the Han Dynasty, the method of selecting officials and employing people without examination was that the county and state health officers recommended each other, and the recommended person was called a jury. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, it was said that candidates who took the Jinshi examination could consider being jurors. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, it was said that the person who obtained the provincial examination was Juren, also known as the General Assembly and Yuan. The winners are called "Fajie" and "Developed", or simply "Fa". It is customary to call juren "master".
Raise people. If you successfully pass the first level, those who pass the provincial examination are called juren. "Juren" was named after the teahouse in Han Dynasty, but in Han, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, it was just the meaning of the cited person, not a special name. The imperial examinations in the Tang and Song Dynasties re-entered scholars. The so-called juren only means that you can take the examination of Jinshi, so it is also called "examination of Jinshi", which is still not a special title. There is also a proper noun for this kind of Jinshi who can take the exam. In the Tang Dynasty, candidates from schools established by the central government (imperial academy, Hong Wen Pavilion, etc.) were sent to Beijing. ) and local schools as apprentices, the taxis selected by each state are used as township tribute, which means that they are sent together with the tributes of each state. In the Song Dynasty, to send such a scholar to have an examination, it was generally necessary to "test and solve" in this state (similar to the rural examination in the Ming and Qing Dynasties). If you don't pass the exam, in the Tang and Song Dynasties, you have to take the government or state exam again and get the qualification of rural tribute again before you can try again. Liu Zhang's Four Kui Xiang Ju in the Song Dynasty and Xu Yuan's Two Ju in the Yuan Dynasty were both the first, because the first attempt was rejected, so it had to be done four or two times. On the other hand, juren in the Ming and Qing Dynasties were given preferential treatment. Once they were selected, they would always be eligible to continue to attend the meeting. Juren in Ming and Qing Dynasties is different from the previous generation in that they can enter the official career. In Wu's novel The Scholars, after entering school, he is still insatiable and can't afford it. As soon as he was elected, his relatives and neighbors flattered him, and even Xiangshen Zhang made friends and sent money home, just because Juren not only had the qualification to take the exam, but also had the "right backstage" of being an official.
In China's imperial examination era, people who won the imperial examination were commonly called "Juren".
The imperial examination system in China lasted from 606 AD, the second year of the reign of Yang Di the Great, to 1905 AD. In the late Qing Dynasty, Cixi abolished the imperial examination system, and the imperial examination system existed 1299. It is a system of selecting talents through step-by-step examinations in ancient countries, and it is the only way for official career.
In the imperial examination era, candidates were generally called "examinees". They have to cross four big steps, only a few of which can reach the top-win the "first place". First of all, you have to pass the county-level exam, which is called "sub-exam", and the winner is called a scholar; After the provincial examination, this level of examination is also called "after the provincial examination", and those who succeed in the examination are called juren; After the national examination, this level of examination is called "meeting test", and the successful candidate is called Gong Shi; Gong Shi was invigilated by the emperor, and this level of examination was called "Palace Examination". The winners are all Jinshi, the top three are Ding Jia Sanyuan, the first name is "No.1 Scholar", the second name is "Flower Exploration", the third name is "No.1 Scholar", and the rest of the Jinshi are called "Jinshi origin" or "fellow Jinshi origin".
A scholar is a kind of status. Juren is qualified to be an official, but he may not be able to be an official. Jinshi is an official uniformly distributed throughout the country, and the champion, flower detective and second place will stay with the emperor as officials.
Literary interpretation
1. Recommend and select talents. Also refers to the cited talents. "The Analects of Confucius Wei Linggong": "A gentleman is unspeakable." "History of Zhang Di Ji in the Later Han Dynasty": "Anyone who looks for Gong's family in his last life, or raises an acre, does not read."
2. During the Sui, Tang and Song San Dynasties, people recommended by local authorities to enter Beijing had to take the imperial examinations. Tang Bai Juyi's poem "Send an Early Examination" says: "The East is still unknown."
3. The Ming and Qing Dynasties called candidates after having obtained the provincial examination. "The Scholars" the second time: "The king is not humble, set a stool from the people and sit on it." Feng Zikai's Essay: "In Shimen Bay, only our family name is Feng, and only my father won the prize."
Juren who passed the examination in Qing Dynasty (200 people)
Hang Su Qi, Shunzhi two years (1645), a juren, met Jinshi.
Shunzhi two years (1645) juren Fu Yijian, see jinshi.
In the second year of Shunzhi (1645), he was appointed as a juren and met Jinshi.
In the third year of Shunzhi (1646), Wu Guangqi was promoted.
Liu was a juren of Shunzhi for three years (1646).
Pang Rulong, in the third year of Shunzhi (1646), was a juren and met a scholar.
In the third year of Shunzhi (1646), Liu Yuanyun, a juren, will try Jinshi.
Hang, a juren from Shunzhi for three years (1646), a native of Jingwei and Pizhou.
In the third year of Shunzhi (1646), Juren Yang met with Jinshi.
Ma Rujin, Professor Qingzhou, was a juren in the fifth year of Shunzhi (1648).
In the fifth year of Shunzhi (1648), a juren Deng Bingheng met with Jinshi.
Wang, in the fifth year of Shunzhi (1648), was a juren and met Jinshi.
Zhou Xisheng was a juren of Shunzhi for five years (1648).
Fu Yurun, in the eighth year of Shunzhi (165 1), was a great scholar.
Li Jingming was born in Jingwei in the 11th year of Shunzhi (1654).
In the 14th year of Shunzhi (1657), Zhu Xun Pang was a juren and met a scholar.
Hang Kezan was a juror in the seventeenth year of Shunzhi (1660).
Xu Shengchao, in the second year of Kangxi (1663), is a juren. See Jinshi.
Fu Zhengqi, in the second year of Kangxi (1663), is a great scholar.
Han Ding Sheng, in the second year of Kangxi (1663), is a juren. See Jinshi.
Li Fushi, in the eighth year of Kangxi (1669), is a juren. See Jinshi.
Geng Luyuan, in the eighth year of Kangxi (1669), was a juren, and he met the Jinshi.
Xue was a juren in the eighth year of Kangxi (1669).
Zhang Xing was a juren in the 11th year of Kangxi (1672).
Su Jun was a juren in the 11th year of Kangxi (1672).
In the 11th year of Kangxi (1672), Peng Di, a juren, was admitted to Beijing as a scholar.
Sun Guangyue, born in the 11th year of Kangxi (1672), was a native of Jingwei.
Ren Yanyun, Ke Puzi, in the 11th year of Kangxi (1672), was a juren and a Jingwei man.
Zhu Keji was a juren in the 17th year of Kangxi (1678).
Guo Fan, in the seventeenth year of Kangxi (1678), is a juren. See Jinshi.
Guo Zhi, in the seventeenth year of Kangxi (1678), is a juren. See Jinshi.
Liu Hong, a juren in the 23rd year of Kangxi (16845), was named Jingwei.
Fu Yong was a juren in the 29th year of Kangxi (1690).
Ren Shihuang was a juren in the 29th year of Kangxi (1690).
Zhu Huijue, Ding, a juren from Jingwei in the 29th year of Kangxi (1690).
In the twenty-ninth year of Kangxi (1690), Deng Qi was a juren.
Li Shaoye was a juren in the thirty-second year of Kangxi (1693).
Deng Baorui was a juren in the thirty-fifth year of Kangxi (1696). Guan Shicheng is a magistrate.
Jing Yuzhu was a juren in the forty-first year of Kangxi (1702).
Zhu Piji was a juren in the forty-fourth year of Kangxi (1705).
Jiang Liang, in the forty-fourth year of Kangxi (1705), was a juren, and he met the Jinshi.
Deng Zhongyue, the great-grandson of Bingheng, was a juren in the forty-seventh year of Kangxi (1708) and met Jinshi in Jingwei.
Zang Yue was a juren in the forty-seventh year of Kangxi (1708). Teaching instructions of Guanzichuan county.
Zhu, Hui Juezi, in the fifty years of Kangxi (17 1 1), was a great scholar.
Gui Lian, born in the fiftieth year of Kangxi (17 1 1 year), is a juren, a native of Beijing, and will try Jinshi.
Hang Shizhun was a juror in the fifty-second year of Kangxi (17 13).
In the fifty-third year of Kangxi (17 14), Hang Jun was a juror and Xie Yuan was saved.
Gao Zhizhen was a juror in the fifty-third year of Kangxi (17 14).
Fu Yongxiang was a juror in the fifty-third year of Kangxi (17 14).
Liu Zhaoqing was a juror in the fifty-third year of Kangxi (17 14).
In the fifty-third year of Kangxi (17 14), juror He Shizhen.
Deng Zeda was a juror in the fifty-sixth year of Kangxi (17 17).
An Hongde, born in Yuebazi, was a juren in the fifty-ninth year of Kangxi (1720), the magistrate of Yazhou, Sichuan.
Deng Zeyong, Ze, Kangxi fifty-nine years (1720), see Jinshi.
Zhu, Hui Juezi, was a juren in the 59th year of Kangxi (1720).
Zhu Xuze, Hui Juezi, was a juren in the first year of Yongzheng (1723), and the official arrived in Anding County, Gansu Province.
Hu Shiying was a juren in the first year of Yongzheng (1723).
Zhang Qi was a juren in the second year of Yongzheng (1724).
Zhu was a juren in the second year of Yongzheng (1724).
Deng Yinzhong, Zhong Yuedi, in the fourth year of Yongzheng (1726), was elected as the magistrate.
Lin, in the fourth year of Yongzheng (1726), was a juren and a secretariat of Rongcheng.
Hok Nin Lau was a juren in the fourth year of Yongzheng (1726).
Deng, Zhong Yuedi, Juren in the seventh year of Yongzheng (1729).
Deng Zhongyi, Zhong Yuedi, Juren in the seventh year of Yongzheng (1729).
Jiang Zan, a juren in the seventh year of Yongzheng (1729), was a Haiyang official.
An Mingde, Hongdedi, was a juren in the 13th year of Yongzheng (1735) and a Jingwei person.
Deng, Zhong Yinzi, Juren in the first year of Qianlong (1736), Juzhou official school.
Yan Yun's great-grandson was appointed as a juren in the first year of Qianlong (1736) and met Jinshi.
Chen Heng was a juren in Qianlong for three years (1738).
Deng Ruming, a doctor of Qin Xianke, was born in Qianlong for six years (174 1).
Deng Ruxiang, a middle school student, spent six years in Qianlong (174 1).
Deng Ruxian, a pleasant neutron, was a juren in Qianlong for six years (174 1) and served as an official in Wei County.
He served as a juror in Qianlong for six years (174 1 year).
Liu Bingsheng was a juror of Qianlong for six years (174 1).
Li Yunxing, Juren of Qianlong Nine Years (1744), magistrate of a county in Zheng Xue, Ninghai.
Dou Wugui was a juror in the ninth year of Qianlong (1744).
Ren Xuanxi, Yan, and Qianlong for nine years (1744) were juren, a magistrate of Pu 'an County, Guizhou Province.
Li Xian, in the 12th year of Qianlong (1747), was a juren and met a scholar.
I wish you three wishes, twelve years of Qianlong (1747), and you will be educated in Guanshan.
Guo Zuomou was a juror in the 15th year of Qianlong (1750).
Deng Zhongdai was a juror in the 17th year of Qianlong (1752).
Ren Zhaojun, Xuan, was born in Panyu County, Guangdong Province in the seventeenth year of Qianlong (1752).
Fu Yonggan, with Sun, was born in Beijing in the seventeenth year of Qianlong (1752). Officials from Zhejiang, Taiwan Province and Taiwan Province all know each other.
Li Jiheng was a juren in the 18th year of Qianlong (1753).
Ren Ruixi, twenty-four years of Qianlong (1759), was a great scholar.
Deng Yushu, Ze Dazi, was a juren in the twenty-fourth year of Qianlong (1759).
Zhu, following Kyoko, was a professor in Dengzhou in the 24th year of Qianlong (1759).
Zhang Zhaofeng was a juren in the twenty-seventh year of Qianlong (1762).
Deng Rumin, the second son of Zhong You, was a juren in the twenty-seventh year of Qianlong (1762) and went to Wenzhou to catch Tongzhi.
Zhu Xudong, the great-grandson of Ding Yan, was born in Jingwei in the 30th year of Qianlong (1765).
Li Zhuo was a juren in the thirty years of Qianlong (1765).
Wang Yongming, a juren in the 30th year of Qianlong (1765), was ordered by Ruicheng County, Shaanxi Province.
Zhong You's eldest son, Deng Rugong, was renamed Ruqin. In the thirty-fifth year of Qianlong (1770), he won a prize and met a scholar.
Dong Youting, renamed Yu Ting, was a juren in the thirty-fifth year of Qianlong (1770) and met a scholar.
Wang Zuozhe was a juren in the thirty-fifth year of Qianlong (1770).
Ding Wenyu, in the thirty-ninth year of Qianlong (1774), was cited as a scholar.
Ren Tianyuan, whose real name is Fengyun, was born in Dadiao County, Fujian Province in the thirty-ninth year of Qianlong (1774).
Zhao Dali was a juren in the thirty-ninth year of Qianlong (1774).
Fan Kun, in the thirty-ninth year of Qianlong (1774), was a native of Jingwei.
Zhu Ji was a juren in the forty-fourth year of Qianlong (1755) and served as a magistrate in Yuanshi County, Zhili.
Wang Rui was a juren in the forty-four years of Qianlong (1779).
Jin Wenzhong, a juren in forty-five years of Qianlong (1780), became an official in Jingshan, and was elected as a magistrate when he was full.
Ren Zhaojiong was a juren in the forty-five years of Qianlong (1780) and served as an official in Suzhou.
Jin Wenjun, a juren in the forty-eighth year of Qianlong (1783), was a magistrate in Jiangsu, an official in Taihu Lake, and a vassal in Jiangning.
Ambassador Ku.
Zhu, in the fifty-first year of Qianlong (1786), was cited as a scholar.
Liang Benyan was a juror in the fifty-first year of Qianlong (1786).
Ye Qiyuan, whose real name is Lan, was named as the magistrate of Jiangxi Province in fifty-one years (1786).
Zhang was a juror in Qianlong for fifty-one years (1786).
Bao Ye was a juror of Qianlong for fifty-four years (1789).
Zhao Can, in the fifty-fourth year of Qianlong (1789), was a juren and met Jinshi.
Wang Yanqing, a juren in the fifty-seventh year of Qianlong (1792), was the magistrate of Xinghua, Fujian.
Han Feng, in the fifty-seventh year of Qianlong (1792), was a juren and met with Jinshi.
Zang Tan, whose real name is Xinzhi, was a juren in the fifty-seventh year of Qianlong (1792) and served as an official in Yancheng County, Jiangsu Province.
Zhu Guangbi was a juror in Qianlong for fifty-nine years (1794).
Liang Gongben, in the fifty-ninth year of Qianlong (1794), was cited as a scholar.
Ren Tingyou was a juror of Qianlong for fifty-nine years (1794).
Liu Rong was a juren in the fifty-ninth year of Qianlong (1794).
Fu Bingkuan was a juror of Qianlong for fifty-nine years (1794).
In the fifty-ninth year of Qianlong (1794), Ren Yuyou, a juren, visited Jinshi in the northern suburbs.
Jin Wenrui, in the fifty-ninth year of Qianlong (1794), was a juren and met Jinshi.
Liang Benkuan was a juror of Qianlong for sixty years (1795).
Yang, a juren in the third year of Jiaqing (1798), was an official in Jimo.
Wang Zhicheng was a juren in the third year of Jiaqing (1798).
Wu Lin was a juror in the fifth year of Jiaqing (1800).
Bai Zhu was a juren in the fifth year of Jiaqing (1800) and was an official in Huangxian County.
In the fifth year of Jiaqing (1800), Fu Jinghui was a juren and met Jinshi.
Wang, in the sixth year of Jiaqing (180 1), was a juren and met a scholar.
Ge Jianying was a juror in the 12th year of Jiaqing (1807).
Bi Heng, whose real name is Yitian, was born in Wendeng. Jiaqing first moved to Dongchang. In the 12th year of Jiaqing (1807), Jiangxi was elected as the magistrate.
Fu Shengxun, in the eighteenth year of Jiaqing (18 13), was a juren and met a scholar.
Li Baotai was a juror in the 21st year of Jiaqing (18 16).
Li Linze, in the 23rd year of Jiaqing (18 18), was a juren and met a scholar.
Huaiming Li, a juren in the 23rd year of Jiaqing (18 18), was the official edict of Fukuyama.
Yang Yi once, in the 24th year of Jiaqing (18 19), was a juren. See Jinshi.
Deng Linzhi, a juren in the 24th year of Jiaqing (18 19), entered Cao Zhou official school.
Jin Dengtai, in the 24th year of Jiaqing (18 19), was a juren and met a scholar.
Zhu Chongqing, a juren in the first year of Daoguang (182 1), met a scholar.
Wang Baofan, a juror of Daoguang for eight years (1828).
Qiu was a great man in the eighth year of Daoguang (1828).
Liu Biao was a juror in the eighth year of Daoguang (1828).
Li Rulin, in the eighth year of Daoguang (1828), was a juren and met Jinshi.
Ren was a juren of Daoguang for eight years (1828).
Ye, in the eleventh year of Daoguang (183 1 year), was a juren and met with Jinshi.
Pan was a juren in the 11th year of Daoguang (183 1 year), and the official residence was Quyang County.
Ye was a juror in the 11th year of Daoguang (183 1).
Li Pu was a juren in the 11th year of Daoguang (183 1) and a native of Zheng Xueen in imperial academy in the 12th year of Renchen (1832).
Wang Entai, born in the 14th year of Daoguang (1834), was a magistrate in Gongxian County, Henan Province.
Ye Xilin, a juren in the seventeenth year of Daoguang (1837), was an official in Gaoyuan County.
An Qinglan, in the seventeenth year of Daoguang (1837), was a juren, and he saw Jinshi.
Jun Fu was a juren in the twenty years of Daoguang (1840).
Pu was a juren in the twenty years of Daoguang (1840).
In the twentieth year of Tian and Daoguang (1840), he was 62 years old.
In the twenty-third year of Daoguang (1843), Wang Houjie was appointed as the magistrate of Fengyang, Anhui.
Zou Shilin, twenty-three years of Daoguang (1843), is a great scholar.
In the 23rd year of Daoguang (1843), I was a juren in Wang Baoquan, and I met with Jinshi.
Ren Juzeng was a juren in the 24th year of Daoguang (1844).
In the twenty-fourth year of Daoguang (1844), Ge Wenlin was the candidate magistrate.
Jinjiang Liu was born in Zhucheng County in the 24th year of Daoguang (1844).
In the twenty-fourth year of Daoguang (1844), he was sent to the county by order of Guan.
Zhu, in the 29th year of Daoguang (1849), was a juren. See Jinshi.
Fuyuan, a juren in the first year of Xianfeng (185 1), worked as an official in Daning, Shanxi and Fujian.
On one occasion, in the first year of Xianfeng (185 1), Julian Waghann was a juren and he met the Jinshi.
Zhang Fangting was a juror in the first year of Xianfeng (185 1).
Yang Shaohe, Xianfeng two years (1852) juren, see Jinshi.
Li, in the second year of Xianfeng (1852), was a juren and met Jinshi.
Fu Siyi, Xianfeng two years (1852), a juren, see Jinshi.
Zhu, Xianfeng nine years (1859) juren, see Jinshi.
Zhou, Xianfeng nine years (1859) juren.
Yang Shaocheng was a juren in the first year of Tongzhi (1862).
Item, the first year of Tongzhi (1862), juren, trial magistrate of a county.
Gao, in the first year of Tongzhi (1862), was a juren, and he was in Jiangsu Province.
In the first year of Tongzhi (1862), he was a juren, Sun Menglin, and met Jinshi.
Fan Zhitai, in the first year of Tongzhi (1862), was a juror, benefiting both officials and teaching.
Wang Baotai was a juren in the first year of Tongzhi (1862).
Fu Kun, a juren in the first year of Tongzhi (1862), was a member of the cabinet from the official to the official, and was a tongzhi in Yanzhou Prefecture, Zhejiang Province.
Wang Deyi, a juren in the first year of Tongzhi (1862), was appointed as the envoy of Huai salt affairs in two provinces.
Jin Chuntai, Wen Zhongzi, a juren in Tongzhi for three years (1864), was instructed by Guanyang New County, and imperial academy corrected his academic qualifications.
Yang and his grandson Shao were promoted as candidates in the ninth year of Tongzhi (1870).
Zhu Mingda, a juren in the ninth year of Tongzhi (1870), was an official in tengxian.
Ren Rong was a juren in Tongzhi for nine years (1870).
Ren Huanzeng was born in Wei Bei in the ninth year of Tongzhi (1870).
Pan Shizhen, a juren in the 12th year of Tongzhi (1873), was ordered by Chaocheng County.
Peng Fuyuan, born in Zhaoyuan County, was a juren in the 12th year of Tongzhi (1873).
Ye was born in Linqu County in the second year of Guangxu (1876).
In the second year of Guangxu (1876), Ren Jinru was a juren, and the sentence was handed down in Guanshan West Tomb.
Gu Zhongan, in the eighth year of Guangxu (1882), was a juren, and he saw the Jinshi.
Zhu was a juren in the eighth year of Guangxu (1882).
Yang Yuchun, a juren in the eighth year of Guangxu (1882), was the alternate magistrate of Shaanxi.
Li Yanqing, in the 11th year of Guangxu (1885), was a juren, and he saw the Jinshi.
Zhou Zhiwei, whose real name was Jin Qi, was a juren in the 11th year of Guangxu (1885) and was instructed by Guan Xincheng.
Jing Zhongxun was a juren in the 11th year of Guangxu (1885).
Zou was a juren in the 14th year of Guangxu (1888).
Fu Yunan was a juror in the 17th year of Guangxu (189 1).
Yihe Wang, a juren in the 17th year of Guangxu (189 1), was the alternate magistrate of Anhui.
Ren Guangbi was a juror in the 20th year of Guangxu (1894).
Yu Peigan, a juren in the 20th year of Guangxu (1894), was educated in Linqu County.
Fu Xu 'an was a juren in the 20th year of Guangxu (1894).
Ye Siqi, a juren in the 23rd year of Guangxu (1897), was an alternate magistrate in Guangxi.
Jin, a juren in the 23rd year of Guangxu (1897), was the alternate magistrate of Henan.