First, the origin of Ge surname

According to relevant records, there are three main sources of Ge surname:

One is from the tribal name. In ancient China, there were 15 tribes such as Chao, Suirenshi, Fu, Nuwa and Ge. Ge tribe is good at singing and dancing, mainly in eastern Henan. There are dense forests and birds. Inspired by birdsong, Ge created Ge Music, which consists of three people and eight songs. It is the oldest music in China. According to legend, Ge Shitian is an ancient ideal and a simple world, confident and confident. Later generations took him as their ancestor, hence the name Ge.

Source: Ying Shao's "Customs Pass" in the Eastern Han Dynasty said: "Ge's family, after Guge". Gaoyou's interpretation of Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals in Han Dynasty said: "Ge" and "also a gentleman". China's dictionary of names explains "ancient emperors". There are two theories about the Ge era: the historical road of the Song Dynasty? Qian Ji? "Zen Tong Ji" said: "There was Fu Xishi before." "Ci Yuan" Note: "It is said that the ancient emperor was before Fuxi. "The Century of the Emperor" says: "After the Chao family, Ge and others all attacked Fuxi's number." The number of attacks should be after Fuxi, but the time difference is not too far, before Shennong.

According to the ancient books such as Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals, Ge Tribe once wrote Ge Zhile. Lv Chunqiu, Volume 5, The Fifth Midsummer Period? The ancient music said: "In the past, Gele, three people played oxtail and sang eight songs: one said' Carrying the people', the other said' Xuanniao', the third said' Planting trees', the fourth said' Appreciating the grain', the fifth said' Respecting the Heaven', the sixth said' Building the Emperor's Merit' and the seventh said' Relying on Heaven'. Lu Chunqiu was written at the end of the Warring States Period. Furthermore, Lv Buwei once hung a book on the city gate, saying that "one word is rewarded with a hundred gold", which was generally accepted at that time, so this book is credible and can be passed down. Judging from the title of his fourth song "Divide the Grains", it had entered the stage of primitive agriculture at that time. Joy of Ge reflects only one aspect of the social life of Ge tribe, and it is the epitome of society, economy and culture at that time.

Liu Xie's Ming Poem "Carving Dragons with Literary Mind" in the Southern Dynasties: "Past? Xuanniao sings from the kang; The Yellow Emperor Yunmen is unreasonable. "

According to the literature, Geshitian tribe is still the "ideal world" praised by the ancients. Tao Yuanming's "Biography of Mr. Wuliu" said: "Do people have no family?" GM Shi Tian's people? Yuan's Bamboo Window Ci. The Woodcut Song of Guishan Temple in Ruanlang has the words "Forget the world, break the dust, be at ease, and be proud of Tian Ge". "The New Twenty-six History" contains: "Ge Shitian, who ruled the world, kept his word and acted without words. Commonly known as Xixi autonomy. "China Dictionary of Names" said, "Its treatment is not to keep promises, but to do things without words." "Ci Yuan" said, "He is confident and silent, but he is confident and silent." Historical records? Sima Xiangru biography: "Play the dance, listen to the song of Ge, a thousand people sing, and ten thousand people make peace." It can be seen that Ge is an ideal world admired by the ancients because of its pure human nature and mellow world style, and it is a primitive communist society.

Comprehensive analysis shows that Ge Shitian is the monarch of Huang San, or a tribal leader, whether he is a monarch, emperor or emperor. His time was between Fu and Shennong, and it belonged to the early Neolithic Age in archaeology, 10,000 years ago (for the story of 10,000 years, see the research report of Ningling County Government). From this point of view, Ge's surname is quite early, at least six or seven hundred years earlier than the descendants of Ji, who later became the mainstream surname in China. Compared with thousands of other surnames in China, Ge's surname is indeed a "senior", but it is not suspicious.

So, where is the specific address of the Guge Shitian tribe? According to the research report of Ningling County Government in Henan Province, Ningling County has a long history. In ancient times, this place was called "Ge", where the Ge tribe rested and created a high level of early civilization.

The second is from the name of the country. About 4,000 years ago, in the later period of the Five Emperors, Boyi, a descendant of Zhuan Xu, assisted Dayu in water control. When Yu died, he wanted to hand over the world to him, but Boyi insisted on not accepting it and took refuge in the grandson of Jishan, so Yu's son succeeded to the throne and established the first slavery regime in China, the Xia Dynasty. After the establishment of Xia Dynasty, the descendants of Boyi were made count, and the fief was in Guo Ge (north of Ningling County, Henan Province), which was one of the vassal states of Xia Dynasty, and the monarch of Guo Ge was called Borg. After the rise of Shang Dynasty, Geguo was destroyed by Shang Dynasty, and later generations took Guo as their surname and Borg as their ancestor.

Source: The surname Kao Yue: "The Yellow Emperor is ordinary and sealed in Ge". In the Song Dynasty, Zheng Xiao's Tongzhi said: "Ge Shi: Earl, won the surname. Xia dynasty governors. Today, there is Borg City, the land, three miles north of Yanzhou. Children and grandchildren. "

"Mencius Teng Wengong Xia" also mentioned: "Tang lived in Bo, and was a neighbor." Its note said, "Ge, a Xia warlord, got the surname of the country." According to Changyuan Chen and Chen Longwen's Historical and Geographical Investigation on the Site of Shanxi Yuanqu Mall and "The Tang Dynasty lived in Bo", "Yuanqu Mall" is adjacent to the site of Guge, which is consistent with the historical records of "Tang and Zige".

According to historical records, the state of Ge was reduced from an earl to a viscount in Shang Dynasty, and was destroyed by Shang Tang. Mencius said, "Soup lives in Bo, adjacent to Ge, and is released without offering sacrifices. Soup makes people ask,' Why not worship?' Said, "There's nothing to sacrifice." Soup is the heritage of cattle and sheep. Jiabao eats it, but doesn't worship it. Soup makes people ask,' Why not worship?' You said: There is no soup to worship for many people to raise it, and the old, the weak and the sick can feed it. Gerber led his people, demanding that those who have wine, grain, millet and rice be taken away, and those who don't give them will be killed. Some boys paid for millet meat and killed it to take away. The book says:' Gerber retaliated against his salary.' This is also called. It is levied to kill a boy, and the whole world is saying,' If you are not rich in the world, you will avenge your husband and wife.' Tang Shizhen, since Ge Shi', is invincible in the world. "This is the Revenge of Bo Gu mentioned in the book." "Shangshu" contains "the revenge of Jiabao, which was wrongly levied by Tang Dynasty. "About 1700 BC, Guo Ge was finally destroyed by Shang Tang. Later, it was recorded in Tongzhi Genealogy that "Xia Wang had Borg, and his descendants took the country as their surname. "This is the Koch family, internationally known as' North Ge'.

According to Customs Tong, Zhuan Xu is the grandson of the Yellow Emperor and is listed in the article. Zhuan Xu's son is a female teacher, Hao Tao's son is a female teacher, Boyi's son is Hao Tao, Boyi is Zhuan Xu's fourth grandson. According to the report, Boyi is famous for marrying Yao's daughter. It is said that due to Zuo Shun's meritorious service, he was sealed in Dunqiu and his surname was Sheng. According to legend, due to Zuo Dayu's meritorious service, he was made a monarch and given a surname to win, becoming one of the vassal States of the Xia Dynasty. According to the examination, "Dunqiu" is an ancient place name. Dunqiu County was established in Shanxi, and now it is qingfeng county, Henan. In other words, there was a vassal state "Ge" in the Xia Dynasty, which is now Changge County, Henan Province.

Third, it stems from the change of foreign surnames. According to relevant information, there are three sources:

One is that the surname of Ge in Jiangnan was changed to the surname of Hong. This statement is mainly based on a passage in "A Survey of Surnames": ■ Zuzi Pulu, who was once Lu, set out to assist Guangwu and made great achievements, sealing Pixian Hou, and Lu Rang sealed Nandujiang, and his home was in Jurong. Born in Gejia, Wuzhong, I hope Liang Guo. Therefore, some people draw a conclusion from this passage that the surname of Ge in the south of the Yangtze River was 1900 years ago in the early Eastern Han Dynasty, and the world called this branch "Nange". Hong, a descendant of Gong Gong, served as a water official after Fuxi in ancient times, so he is not directly related to Ge's family in the north of Zhuan Xu. I relayed the information sent by Ge Zhenbin, and so did other information on the Internet.

In fact, some people have put forward different understandings of this passage in the study of surnames: the symbol ■ in Han Hong ■ Zu Zi Pu is the word "Xiang" (pronounced "Xiang", originally meant), so it is replaced by ■ because it cannot be entered in computer fonts. Knowing that this word means "once upon a time", then this sentence "going to ancestral home" is not Hong Xiangzu or Hong Pulu's surname Hong, but a passage that Ge Hong said when he recalled his ancestors in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The word "Hong" in the sentence actually refers to Ge Hong himself, which means: Gepulu, my ancestor of Ge Hong. In this way, the so-called Pu Lu, Lu, "arise and assist Guangwu, and make great achievements, sealing Pixian Hou, Lu Rang sealing in Nandujiang, home in Jurong, Wu Zhongge's family, looking out of Liang State." Not changed the surname Hong, but changed the surname Ge. Some people say it was distributed by Govin.

I hold this view. The reasons are as follows: first, if the surname given to his brother Pu Lu is really Hong, how can there be a saying that it is Lu? Is this necessary? Second, since his surname is Hong, even in Jiangnan, he can still be surnamed Hong. Is it necessary to change the surname ge? I didn't commit any crime. I'm afraid I need anonymity when hunting. Therefore, in my opinion, most of the so-called "Ge" changed its surname from "Hong" failed to understand the true meaning of this sentence, and thought that "Zuzi Pu Lu" was, which led to misinformation. Of course, I'm just saying this, which is not necessarily correct and open to question.

The second one was changed by He Ge of Xianbei nationality. According to Shu Wei Guanshi, in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, there was a man named "He Ge Shi" in the Northern Wei Dynasty, who moved to Luoyang with Emperor Xiaowen of Wei, and later settled in the Central Plains, changing Xianbei and Ge Shi to Han nationality.

The third is that a descendant of Genghis Khan changed his surname. According to historical records and the Genealogy of Geshi Xinghua in Yangshan, Genealogy of Shi Mao in Rugao and Origins of Shi Mao in Rugao by Mao Guangsheng, a master of Chinese studies, there is indeed a branch of Geshi in Nantong, which is a descendant of Geshi in Xinghua, Mongolian, and was handed down from Ge. Xinghua was taken from Genghis Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty. Genghis Khan was born in the Mongolian people's desire for beauty. Tuo Lei, the eldest son of Genghis Khan, and Kublai Khan Yuan Shizu, the son of Tuo Lei. Kublai Khan and the princess's son, Qier, begged the Tejia family to break up and make him the king of Zhennan and open Yangzhou. In Yuan Shundi, Qi Yi, a descendant of Tuoba's family, was Yuan Zhongwu, a general living in Suzhou. Later, he moved to xinghua city, taking the first homonym of the matriarchal ancestor Qite as Mao Qiyi, and became the ancestor who moved to Xinghua. In order to avoid the suspicion of the Ming court, he changed his surname to Ge's and called Ge Bayi the second generation. Ge Ba is the third generation of Ge Siyi. Ge Siyi was originally named Ge Qianwei, the fourth generation. The fifth generation product of GE Qian Wei Company is GE Jinwen. Ge Jinwen gave birth to the sixth generation Ge Shiwei. Ge Shiwei gave birth to Ge Hong, the seventh. Ge Hongsheng and Ge Yilin are the eighth generation. Ge Yilin gave birth to the ninth Ge Chengzu. In the middle of Ming Dynasty, Ge Chengzu moved from Xinghua to Nantong.

Source: Shanghai Gejiapu during Guangxu period (reproduced)

In addition, some Ge surnames were changed to his surnames. In the Han Dynasty, the Agger family from various counties (now Zhucheng County, Shandong Province) moved to Yang Du County (now Yishui County, Shandong Province). Because of the Agger family in Yang Du, it was renamed "Zhuge" to distinguish it from the local Ge family, that is, Ge family in various counties. According to historical records, Zhuge Liang in the Three Kingdoms period was "his ancestor Ge, a native of this evil county, and later moved". First there was a man named Ge, who was called Zhuge. Zhuge Liang was born in Yang Du and lived in seclusion in Nanyang (now Xiangfan City, Hubei Province) at the age of seventeen.