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Analysis:

Life of Zhuangzi]

Zhuangzi, a Mongolian, was named Zhou. He is also an official of the lacquer garden with Liang, Li and Li. His knowledge is all-encompassing, but at first he attributed it to his old son's words. So his book is more than 100 thousand words, probably full of words. He is a fisherman. He stole his foot and lost it. Despising Confucius' disciples, showing off the skills of the old son, fearing fatigue and weakness, and being proud of mulberry are all empty words without facts. However, as far as good books are concerned, it is inevitable to use plagiarism to peel off Confucianism and ink, although we can't learn from the world. His words are arrogant to suit himself, and the princes can't use them.

When the King of Chu heard about Zhou Xian of Zhuang, he asked him to greet him with thick coins and promised to take pictures. Zhuang Zhou smiled and said, "Thousands of gold are more important than profit; You are a noble minister. I didn't see the sacrifice of cattle in the countryside. How old am I, wearing embroidered clothes, so I can enter the temple. When it is, although I want to be a lonely dolphin, I can't get rid of my son and not pollute me. I would rather swim in filth and blasphemy, not be bound by society, and not be an official in the end, so as to be quick. "

Historical Records Biographies of Lao Zi and Shen Han

Zhuangzi

Zhuangzi Shengping: Zhuangzi (about 369 ~ 2 8 6 BC), a famous Taoist priest in the Warring States Period, was born in Zhou and Song Dynasties (now Shangqiu, Henan). He worked as a painter in his early years, while the latter lived in seclusion. He learned a lot. He has extensive friends. He lives in poverty, but he is indifferent to fame and fortune. He took it as his duty to meditate on Taoism. The king of Chu heard of his virtue and sent messengers to give him thousands of dollars to be a martyr, but he refused. He never returned to his post. He lives in seclusion in Baodu Mountain. Later, he died of immortality. His 52 books are called Zhuangzi. In Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, he pursued the title of South China Reality. In Song Huizong, he was named Tong Zhenjun of Mi Miao Garden.

Taoist Thought: Zhuangzi is proficient in Laozi's learning and is the inheritor and promoter of Laozi's Taoist Thought. In history, Lao Zi and Zhuangzi were also called "Lao Zi". The emperor of the Tang Dynasty respected Zhuangzi as well as Lao Zi, and Zhuangzi was one of the official skills.

Zhuangzi thought: "The way of a husband is to attach importance to feelings and righteousness, and there is no intangible, which can be passed on but not received, and can be obtained but not seen. It is rooted in itself, there is no heaven and earth, and it has been preserved since ancient times. God, ghost and emperor were born in heaven and earth. It is not high before the extreme; Below six poles, not deep; Sir, heaven and earth are not long-lasting, longer than ancient times, and not old. " He believes that Mr. Dao is everywhere in heaven and earth, the root of all things.

(2) Zhuangzi thought: "With the Taoist view, there is nothing noble or cheap", "The Taoist is insignificant, and there is no argument", so we should observe everything from the height of the Taoist.

(3) Zhuangzi believes that "there is no ego for people, no power for God, and no name for saints". If you want to be in harmony with Tao, you must be "without ego" and be in harmony with Tao.

Zhuangzi believes that the world is the most virtuous, and people should follow the path and govern by doing nothing. This is a rational social club.

Rebirth of Zhuangzi: As the master of Zhuangzi, Zhang Ren should pay attention to protecting his life and cultivating his ambition, instead of being driven and clamored by foreign things and eventually being destroyed by them. So, when the king of Chu sent two great men to the river to invite Zhuangzi to be a butcher, Zhuangzi continued fishing without looking back. He asked the two great men, I heard that there was a chinemys reevesii in the great temple of the king of Chu. This turtle was 3000 years old when it died. I would like to ask two people: Do you think it's better to be the tortoise that was killed and offered to Gaotang, or the two great men who dragged the tail bar in the mud bar immediately replied: Just climb in the mud bar with the tail bar. So Zhuangzi smiled and said, Yes, I'd rather be the turtle dragging its tail in the mud.

Zhuangzi

Yan Yizhen

First, the life and legend of Zhuangzi

The Warring States period was an era of great ideological liberation and academic development in ancient China. Among the philosophers, Zhuang Zhou, a great thinker, was called Zhuangzi by the world and was a Taoist master in the middle of the Warring States Period. He was born in about 369 BC (the seventh year of the week), died in about 286 BC (the twenty-ninth year), and lived with Mencius (about 372- 289 BC). Qu Yuan (about 340- 278 BC) was around this time. Unfortunately, there are few records about his life story in ancient literature. According to the records and anecdotes in Historical Records, Biography of Lao Fei and Zhuangzi, we only know that he was a Mongolian in Song Dynasty (now the northeast of Shangqiu City, Henan Province) and worked as a small official in Qiyuan for a period of time. His family is poor.

He was knowledgeable, studied all the schools at that time, and also had his own views, and analyzed and criticized all the schools. It is said that Chu Weiwang heard that he was very knowledgeable, so he sent an envoy with a gift and asked him to be the national ambassador. He smiled and said to the messenger, "A daughter really has a lot of money; Qing Xiang, what a noble position! But didn't you see the cow used for sacrifice? Feed it for a few years, then make it look splendid and bring it into the ancestral temple where the ancestors of the emperor were sacrificed. At this point, it just wants to be a pig and avoid being slaughtered, which is impossible. Go away and don't insult me. I would rather be happy in the mud pond like a turtle than be bound by the head of state. I will never be an official, let my heart be free forever.

His friend Hui Shi is taking photos in Liang. One day, someone came to report: "Zhuang Zhou came to Liang State and wanted to take your photo." Hui Shi was so frightened that he sent people to search all over the country for three days and nights. But Zhuangzi came to see him in person, and told him a story as soon as they met, saying, "There is a kind of bird called (ten thousand birds) chicks in the south. It never met a blackbird on the way from flying to the North Sea. Are you going to' drink' me with your Liang Guolai now? " In Zhuangzi's view, Xiang is just a dead mouse, but Hui Shi holds it as tightly as a kite, for fear that it will be snatched away by the noble (ten thousand birds) chicks. How ridiculous and pathetic!

Zhuangzi's wife died, and Hui Shi went to offer condolences, only to find Zhuang Zhou sitting on the ground with his legs crossed, singing while knocking on the clay pot. Hui Shi said, "Your wife has lived with you all her life, bearing children for you and raising you. Now that she's old, it's enough for you not to cry, but also to knock on the basin and sing. Isn't that too much? " Zhuang Zhou said, "No. She just passed away. " Not only is there no life, but there is no body; Not only is there no body, but there is no breath. Later, in chaos, change produces venting, qi changes again to produce body, and body changes again to produce life. Now the change from birth to death is as natural as the change of four seasons. A person's death is as safe as sleeping in a big house, but I still want to cry for her. I think this is a natural change of fate that I don't understand, so I stopped crying.

When Zhuangzi died, his disciples wanted to give him a heavy funeral. Zhuangzi stopped them and said, "I take heaven and earth as coffins, the sun and the moon as treasure walls, the stars as pearls, and everything as funerary objects. Is there nothing better than this? " The disciples said, "We are afraid that eagles and crows will peck you!" " Zhuangzi said, "It was eaten by eagles and crows on the ground, buried in the ground for ants to eat, and ate this with that. How can you be so eccentric! "

There are many such stories, so I won't mention them here. These records are not necessarily true, but they reflect Zhuang Zhou's thoughts, character and personality. He lives in poverty, but he despises powerful people, high officials and rich people, and he is not sarcastic. He believes that birth, aging, illness and death are natural laws, life is not enough to be happy, and death is not enough to be sad. People just return to nature, and death is more secure and comfortable than life. These are precisely his cynicism.

Zhuangzi Xiaoyao Tour

There is a kind of fish (known as "Hua") in Beiming, named Kun. The size of Kun is unknown for thousands of miles. It becomes a bird, and its name is Peng. Peng's back is unknown for thousands of miles. It flies angrily, its wings hanging like clouds in the sky. It is a bird. I didn't get up (spin up) and went to Wan Li (spin up) to have a rest in June. "Wild horses, dust and creatures are blowing with interest. The sky is pale, its positive color is far away and extremely evil. If seen, it's gone. And the product of the husband's water is not thick, will be unable to bear the fatigue of the boat. Cover the depression hall with a glass of water. If you put a cup on it, it will be sticky, the water will be shallow and the boat will be big. The wind is not thick, and its negative wing is weak. So when you go to Wan Li for nine days, the wind will go down, and then you will be the one who plows the wind and forms the blue sky today, and then you will understand the south today.

Fu and Xue Dui said with a smile, "I will definitely fly (xuè) and catch the elm ("grabbing the ground with my head "), but when it doesn't arrive, I will control the ground. Xi regards Wan Li as nine times, the south as "suitable for wild", and three times (the same as "rice") is the opposite. The fittest keeps food for a hundred miles; The fittest travels a thousand miles, and food gathers in March. What do you know about two bugs?

A little knowledge ("wisdom") is not as profound as knowledge, and a small year is not as good as a new year. Xi knows its nature, but he doesn't know its fate. I don't know the spring and autumn period. There are ghosts in southern Chu, and 500 years old is spring and 500 years old is autumn. In ancient times, there was a big tree, with 8,000 years as spring and 8,000 years as autumn, which was the first day of the New Year. But Peng Zu has been famous for a long time, so don't feel sorry for everyone!

The thorn in Tang's question is also: (The thorn says, "Beyond the infinite, there is the infinite." There is a ghost sea in the poor north, and Tianchi is also there. There is a kind of fish that is thousands of miles wide and knows nothing about its own cultivation. Its name is Kun. There is a kind of bird called Peng, whose back is like a mountain, whose wings are like clouds hanging from the sky and whose horns are rolled up.

Therefore, the husband knows the effect (giving the meaning of dedication is the same as the "effect" of "loyalty"), and the line is compared (combining the meaning of harmony and obedience). The Book of Songs: "Jun is a big country, comparable to Jun." ), and those who levy morality and unify the country are also complacent. But Song still laughed: There are still trees that have no seeds. Fu Liezi rode against the wind, Ling Ran was good, there were five days in ten days, and then he rebelled. He didn't calculate happiness. Although he is exempt from walking, he still has something to do. If you defend the debate of six qi with the meaning of heaven and earth, you will swim endlessly and it will be evil! Therefore, to a person who has no one, God is useless, and saints are nameless.