There are three brothers in Zhou Enlai. Two younger brothers are named Zhou Enpu and Zhou Enshou. Zhou Enpu died of illness in 1944. Not many people know their life stories. Zhou Enshou was born on February 23rd, 30th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, that is,1April 8th, 904. After he was born, his skin was a little black, so his family called him "Little Black Spot" as his birth name, taking his scientific name Enshou, whose word is Tongyu, also called Tongyu. Zhou Enlai took part in the proletarian revolution and was wanted by the enemy for a long time. He asked the main relatives who were bound to be implicated to change their names and avoid them. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Zhou Enlai asked his relatives not to talk about their relationship with him, so as not to get special care. Therefore, Mr. Zhou Enshou was named Tongyu from 1928. When Zhou Enshou was born, his grandfather who worked as a magistrate of a county (1) had died of illness for many years, which was the time when the Zhou family declined sharply. He is only over one year old. His father won the lottery and his family suddenly had economic income. His mother took three brothers to Qinghe County and lived with her grandmother in Qingjiangpu (now Huaiyin City) for two or three years. When Enshou was three years old, because his young mother and eleven aunts died one after another, his eldest brother Enshou took his second brother from Qingjiangpu to his hometown in Ma Xu Lane, Huai 'an. At this time, my father made a living in other places, and his salary was very low, so he could not support his family at all. Other houses surnamed Zhou have gone out to make a living. Since then, the old house in Ma Xu Lane has been "abandoned". Only the disabled Zhou Yikui and his wife stayed here for a long time, which was what Huai 'an people often said at that time. Eight Thai ". Zhou Enshou's eighth uncle (ranked eighth by Zhou family) was the first third uncle. Zhou Yikui couldn't walk because of his leg disease, and his eight menstruation Yang had a great effort to raise their brothers for a period of time. During this period, Tong Yu learned a little abacus from Ba Shu and his brother, and also read some ancient books. Aunt Houba was really unable to support three brothers, so she entrusted her young Eun-shou to an aunt who lived in Pu. Enshou spent an unhappy childhood in many disasters.
At that time, the fourth uncle (first uncle) Zhou, who made a living in the northeast, had a small salary, but he could afford a child to study. Since 19 10, my brother Ryan has transferred to his fourth uncle to study. 19 13 after being admitted to Nankai school, she insisted on carving steel plates for the school because of her excellent grades, engaged in work-study programs, and basically lived on her own. The fourth uncle married three wives, Wang, Zhao and Yang, and none of them had children. According to the feudal patriarchal clan system, an heir was needed. Ryan has adopted his eleventh uncle (the first fourth uncle) Zhou Yigan as his son. Fourteen-year-old Zhou Enshou borrowed a little money, walked a long way, followed in the footsteps of his two brothers, and also came to the home of his fourth uncle in Tianjin. However, he was the stepson of Mr. Man Qing, that is, in the year of 19 18.
Zhou Enshou has been honest since he was a child. After arriving in Tianjin, he studied hard, was smart and accepted. He was often promoted to "jump class" because of his good grades, and helped Fourth Aunt do housework after school, which won the favor of teachers, fourth uncles and fourth aunts.
192 1, Zhou Enshou was admitted to Nankai Middle School. Under the influence of this new progressive trend of thought, Zhou Enshou joined the China Socialist Youth League in the spring of 1924 and became a small traffic policeman in the "Enlightenment Society" founded by his brother. In the winter of the same year, it was transferred to China * * * party member. During the period of 1925, Zhou Enshou was sent to Beiping by the party organization to do underground traffic and party propaganda work under the cover of studying in Beijing Hongda College.
With the passage of time, Zhou Enshou grew up in white terror day by day. He kept close contact with his brother, and met his girlfriend, Comrade Deng, in the later period of work-study program in Zhou Enlai. At that time, he called Deng "Sister" and called Deng's mother Yang Zhende "Aunt Yang". Later, Zhou Enshou recalled: "At that time, my sister knitted me a pair of cotton shoes with wool. It was the first time in my life to wear such warm shoes in the cold winter. " It can be seen that Sister Deng cares and cares for him.
1925 10, Deng, who married her brother, sent a telegram from Guangzhou according to the decision of the party organization, asking her to accompany Aunt Yang to Guangzhou, the center of the Great Revolution at that time. 1926 10 During her menstrual period, the party organization decided that Zhou Enshou would study in the First Team of the Fourth Political Department of Huangpu Military Academy and graduate in June of the same year.
1926, the National Revolutionary Army sent troops to the Northern Expedition, and Zhou Enshou served as the propagandist of the General Political Department of the National Revolutionary Army. When the Northern Expeditionary Army attacked Wuchang City, Zhou Enshou interviewed with the siege troops on the line of fire. Unfortunately, his right foot was injured by enemy artillery fire. Guo Moruo, then secretary-general of the General Political Department, and Hu, the propaganda team leader, carried him off the line of fire to rescue him from danger. After more than a month's recovery, Zhou Enshou was appointed as the representative of the Labor Arbitration Committee of the General Political Department of the National Revolutionary Army, and was appointed as the director of the Wuhan Post and Telecommunications Inspection Committee in the spring of 1927, and continued to participate in the propaganda work of the Northern Expedition.
During this period, Zhou Enshou left the team briefly because of his youth and inexperience. Zhou Enlai, who has always been very disciplined, was very angry and severely criticized his younger brother. Young Zhou Enshou is afraid and loves face, and his heart is very painful. Decades later, it is said that someone once asked Premier Zhou about it. Zhou Enlai said frankly: "I was young at that time, but I didn't help him enough." Show guilt and regret for my brother.
At the beginning of 1928, Zhou Enshou went to Shanghai to do underground work with the Party organization. As he was still worried about the last setback, he told his eldest brother Zhou Enlai that he had studied too little and wanted to leave the revolutionary ranks to study. Brother and sister-in-law dissuaded him, so he left the revolutionary ranks and left himself. Then, he went to his fourth uncle in Jilin alone. In Jilin, Zhou Enshou served as a member of the inspection class of Jihai Railway Bureau and lived a civilian life.
At the beginning of April this year, Deng secretly took a boat from Shanghai to Moscow to attend the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC). When the ship passed through Qingdao, it was noticed by Japanese detectives and tracked to Dalian for interrogation. In do or die, Zhou Enlai thought of his younger brother Eun Shou. After getting off the train in Jilin, Zhou Enlai, who has rich experience in underground struggle, first checked into the hotel. Instead of going directly to the fourth uncle's house, he wrote a letter to the fourth uncle with his real name and asked the hotel staff to send it to the fourth uncle's house. When Zhou Enshou received the letter, it simply said "Say hello to my uncle" and the word "Daluan" was signed at the bottom. Zhou Enshou saw his brother's familiar handwriting and knew that he had arrived in Jilin. According to the fact that his fourth uncle was renamed "Uncle" in the letter, he judged that he must be in danger, so he quietly went to the hotel to meet his elder sister-in-law.
However, when Deng and he were interrogated by Japanese agents in Dalian, they had destroyed all the documents to establish relations with the Soviet Union. They can't go to the Soviet Union without documents. Zhou Enlai himself knew that he had too many people, and at that time, the northeast was basically under the control of the Japanese. Their lives are in danger at any time. After discussion, Zhou Enlai left Harbin's second brother Enpu to stay. The next day, Zhou Enshou accompanied Deng to Harbin to meet him. Deng and Zhou Enshou are waiting for Li who left later than them at Harbin Railway Station. I waited six or seven days in a row. Li finally arrived. In this way, under the cover of Zhou Enshou, Deng and Li Anquan went to the Soviet Union. 1974, Zhou Enlai, who was seriously ill, recalled to his nieces and nephews: "Although your father left the party at that time, I believe he would not betray us. In fact, he sheltered us." This shows that Zhou Enlai still understands and trusts his younger brother Enshou.
Since then, Mr. Zhou Enshou has worked in Jilin and Harbin in the northeast and Taiyuan and Tianjin in the customs, engaged in taxation, smoking ban, securities and other industries. He used to be a member of Harbin Taxation Bureau, director of Songjiang Suihua Taxation Bureau, director of Harbin Taxation Supervision Bureau, director of Harbin Binjiang Taxation Bureau, and also opened a "Tianchengyi" cloth village in Tianjin. When I was working in Harbin, I was introduced by my good friend and classmate Zhang (my uncle) and got to know someone who works in Harbin Electric Power Bureau. They got married on 1936. Wang Shiqin was born in 19 14. She is a Manchu girl and knows three languages: Russian, English and Japanese. Since the foundation of People's Republic of China (PRC), she has been a foreign language teacher in any middle school.
193 1 918 Incident, Mr. Fourth Uncle Zhou died at No.33 Road 16, then the French Concession in Tianjin, and Zhou Enshou presided over the funeral. At that time, Zhou Enlai was leading the Red Army on the 25,000-mile Long March, so he couldn't tell the bad news, and even if he knew, he couldn't come to the funeral. When making an obituary for fourth uncle, Zhou Enshou considered that fourth uncle had raised his brother for many years, and there should be a sign when mourning, but it was not convenient to write the words "Zhou Enlai" directly. If he used his brother's other name, fourth uncle might not have known it before his death. After much deliberation, he finally printed on the next paragraph of the obituary:
"Filial son and Yu.
Filial piety nephew big Luan accompany worship drink "
Here, he used Zhou Enlai's real name "Da Luan" to show his filial piety to his brother, to comfort his fourth uncle's spirit in heaven, and to cleverly avoid the eyes and ears of Kuomintang spies and Japanese detectives.
1943, Mr. and Mrs. Zhou Enshou moved from Harbin to Tianjin with their two children to live with their aunt Yang. They still work as the treasurer of a securities company in Tianjin, and live a hard life, sometimes even making ends meet. Fourth Aunt and Wang Shiqin have to do some manual labor to support their families.
/kloc-in the winter of 0/945, after many efforts, Zhou Enshou got in touch with our party organization. 1946 after the meeting of Chongqing CPPCC, he wrote a letter from Tianjin to his brother and sister-in-law in Chongqing, informing them of the death of his fourth uncle and fourth aunt, so that Zhou Enlai knew the whereabouts of his favorite third brother. At the end of February that year, Zhou Enlai and two other members of the "Military Mediation" Executive Department-Marshall of the United States and Zhang Zhizhong of the Kuomintang-went to Peiping (now Beijing), and he asked the staff to send a telegram to Zhou Enshou asking him to meet him there. This is the reunion of the two brothers 18 years later. After the two brothers broke up, Enshou asked his brother to continue to take part in the revolution. Zhou Enlai, who always abides by organizational discipline, told him to find Ye Jianying. On behalf of the Party organization, Comrade Ye Jianying asked the comrades in charge of financial mediation in Beiping Army to give Zhou Enshou a sum of money, and asked him to continue to conceal his identity. He still returned to Tianjin under the guise of doing business, providing the party organization with funds for activities, medical equipment and medicines and other scarce materials, and continuing to contribute to the revolution on the hidden front. Following the deployment of Comrade Ye Jianying, Zhou Enshou opened the "Minsheng Warehouse" after returning to Tianjin, and got in touch with Zhou Shichang, an underground party member in Tianjin. Relevant drugs and funds were handed over to the party organization through Zhou Shichang.
1947, the Kuomintang held a pseudo-"national congress", which finally closed the door to the peace talks between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and the people's liberation war entered a decisive stage. On the eve of the collapse of the Kuomintang government, it was still dying and adopted a cruel policy of strengthening local rule and implementing the system of protecting the family. Zhou Enshou was finally denounced by a bad neighbor on the grounds that he was Zhou Enlai's own brother. 1in July, 947, Zhou Enshou was arrested by the Kuomintang secret service and the supervision office of Tianjin garrison headquarters. In prison, Zhou Enshou didn't reveal any trace of working for the Party except that he admitted to being Zhou Enlai's younger brother.
After Zhou Enshou was arrested by the opposition authorities, Zhou Enlai's teachers, classmates and old friends in Tianjin tried to rescue him. Finally, Heng Nairu, a chemistry teacher from Zhou Enlai of Nankai University, and Mr. Chang Ce 'ou, a classmate from Nankai, Zhou Enlai, came forward to guarantee that Zhou Enshou was released from prison after half a year. After the Cultural Revolution, the final conclusion of the Central Organization Department of 1979 was: "Comrade Zhou Enshou's overall performance was good during 1947' s arrest. After he was released from prison, he continued to keep secret contact with Comrade Zhou Shichang underground in party member. " 1April, 949, shortly after the liberation of Peiping, Zhou Enshou and Wang Shiqin went from Tientsin to Peiping (Beijing) to meet their brothers and sisters. Zhou Enlai sent someone to meet them at their residence in Zhongnanhai. After a hasty meeting, they went to Xiangshan dormitory. Zhou Enlai was so busy at work that he couldn't find time to chat with them late at night. Wang Shiqin was very nervous because it was the first time he had met his brother. Zhou Enlai asked Wang Shiqin easily, "Where are you from?" Wang Shiqin replied shyly; "My hometown is not very good. I am from Harbin and I am from the Northeast. " At that time, because the Northeast was ruled by the Japanese for a long time, some people in Beiping had a bad impression of the Northeast. Zhou Enlai immediately opened his eyes and said disapprovingly, "What's the matter with the Northeast? I like the northeast, because I grew up eating sorghum rice from your northeast. "
Zhou Enshou was 45 years old that year, hoping to continue to do some work for the revolution. Zhou Enlai seriously suggested, "I think you should go to' Huada' to study before you can work for the people." At that time, Enshou and his wife had four children, Bingde, Bingjun, Bing Yi and Hua Bing. So Zhou Enlai asked his sister-in-law Wang Shiqin to go home and take care of the children first.
After studying in Huada (North China People's Revolutionary University) for one year, Enshou graduated from 1950 and was assigned to the Beijing Iron and Steel Bureau as the section chief, and later transferred to the metallurgical department. He has served as deputy manager of the Public Works Department of North China Iron and Steel Bureau, secretary of the Supply and Marketing Department of the Iron and Steel Bureau of the Ministry of Heavy Industry, deputy director of the procurement and transportation terminal, and chief of the warehouse management section. At that time, the salary was not high, so Zhou Enlai asked Enshou to leave his eldest daughter Bing De in the West Flower Hall with them and let her study in the middle school attached to Beijing Normal University. It was not until 1950 that several children in Zhou Enshou went to primary school and kindergarten respectively that Wang Shiqin left his job and worked as a foreign language teacher in middle school for 26 years. 1975 retired.
From 65438 to 0959, Zhou Enshou was transferred to the Ministry of Internal Affairs as a Commissioner because of stomach trouble and old age.
1963 During the Spring Festival, Premier Zhou invited some relatives to the West Flower Hall. He had to take advantage of the opportunity of the Spring Festival party to educate his relatives and younger generations to study hard, work hard and pass the "five customs", and said to his younger brother Eun Shou, "Tong Yu, you are too sick to work normally, and it's almost retirement age (actually one year away), so retire soon! Don't let others say that Zhou Enlai's younger brother has been on sick leave for a long time. Why doesn't he retire when he is approaching his age? " Then Premier Zhou said earnestly, "It is your greatest contribution to the country that you can educate several children after retirement. There are difficulties in living expenses, I will make it up for you. " Therefore, Zhou Enshou went through the retirement formalities in advance in June 1963.
After retirement, Zhou Tongyu not only helped the children with their homework, but also participated in some social activities. Sometimes, he will get together with Wang Guangqi, a classmate of the Institute of Socialism, and have a meal, improve the food and chat. At that time, some people joked that their party was a "fairy society".
During the Cultural Revolution, in order to overthrow Zhou Enlai, Jiang Qing tried her best to find materials. Of course, she also wanted to "dig" Zhou Enshou. She simply described Zhou Enshou as a "figure on the black line of Liu Shaoqi" out of thin air, vilified the "fairy society" as a "counter-revolutionary dinner party" and so on, and attacked Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai. Zhou Enlai, who had insight into everything, fully realized the sinister intentions of the Gang of Four, and arrested Zhou Enshou in the Beijing Garrison in February 1968. In this way, Zhou Enshou lost his freedom again, and it was not until the end of April 1975 that he was approved by Mao Zedong for questioning and was liberated and returned to China to recuperate.
After the "Cultural Revolution", the Central Organization Department 1979 reviewed the Zhou Enshou case, and 1975 revoked all the slanders and false words imposed on Zhou Enshou by the former Central Project Review Team Office on July 2, and completely rehabilitated Comrade Zhou Enshou. This made him excited in his later years. I once reported to my relatives and friends regardless of my illness: "I am completely * * *!" Subsequently, he was elected as a member of the Fifth and Sixth CPPCC. At the beginning of 1985, the policy of changing from retirement to retirement was implemented and retired cadres were treated. 1On May 3, 985, Comrade Zhou Enshou passed away at the age of 82.
Zhou Enshou and Wang Shiqin have six children, all of whom are successful in their studies. Among them, the third and sixth are girls, the second, fourth and fifth are boys. At present, their work units are: Zhou Bingde (female), China News Agency; Zhou Bingjun (male), Guangzhou Free Trade Zone; Zhou (female) International Trade Department; Zhou (male) Beijing Press and Publication Bureau; Zhou (male), engaged in private economy; Zhou Bingjian (female), Ministry of Finance.
1982, that is, six years after his death, Mr. and Mrs. Zhou Enshou and their children went to the Xihuating in Zhongnanhai to visit Deng's sister who was alive at that time. When talking about family background, Comrade Deng said to the children: "I didn't know the inside story of your uncle's handling of the problem of Tong Yu at that time, and I didn't know it was the Gang of Four until recently. Uncle handed Tong Yu over to the Beijing Garrison for monitoring and examination, which was a measure he took to protect cadres. If Tong Yu had fallen into the hands of the Red Guards or the Gang of Four, he wouldn't be here today, and you wouldn't have heard any gossip. "
According to the scattered information we have at present, Comrade Zhou Enshou had two very regrettable things before his death.
First, I can't see my brother off in person. Although Zhou Enshou was sent home for illness in 1975, he was still supervised by the masses under the rule of the ultra-left trend of thought of the Gang of Four at that time and was not allowed to enjoy the civil rights he should enjoy. Zhou Enlai was seriously ill and wouldn't let him visit; After Zhou Enlai's death, as the only living brother born to his mother, he was not "qualified" to attend the memorial service; He can only set up a mourning hall at home, Lacrimosa, silently mourning and saying goodbye to his brother. In the feudal society of China for thousands of years, you can treat your eldest brother as your father. Zhou Tongyu always loved his brother, but when his brother died, he didn't even have the qualification to see him for the last time. His inner pain is unimaginable to ordinary people.
Secondly, I haven't been able to visit my hometown. When people get old, they will inevitably feel homesick and nostalgic, and Zhou Enshou is no exception. I couldn't return to Huai 'an because of wandering in the first half of my life. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he wanted to go back to Huai 'an. However, because Premier Zhou is very strict with himself, he is not allowed to go back to his hometown again and again for fear of bringing trouble to his hometown. Especially on the eve of the Spring Festival in 1965, Zhou Enshou, who had just retired, learned that his brother was arranging the ancestral grave of his hometown in Huai 'an, but he was worried that Tao Hua (the wife of Zhou Enlai's uncle and brother Zhou Enshuo and the mother of Zhou Erhui) who had been living in Huai 'an was too old to figure it out and needed someone to convince her. Enshou thinks this is the best chance to go back to his hometown. When I went to the West Flower Hall, I mentioned, "Brother, I heard that you want to level the ancestral grave of Huai 'an's hometown? Let me go home, and I will definitely work as a teacher (referring to peach blossoms). " "Good-"Zhou Enlai was very happy at first, but on second thought, he immediately said firmly, "No, you can't go back!" "Why? "Zhou Enshou and anxious to return, who have always respected their brothers, are desperate to ask questions." Because you are Zhou Enlai's brother! "Zhou Enlai said with a bright eye," After you go back, jiangsu provincial party committee, Huaiyin District Committee and Huai 'an County Committee will send people to accompany you and receive you, which will waste local money and delay local work. " Eun-shou dare not say anything more. Listen to my brother Zhou Enlai continued, "Let's wait for Ercui to go back for the winter vacation and finish this task. His mother is in Huai 'an, and she is young. Going back to see her home during the Spring Festival will not disturb the local leaders. "Zhou Enlai, what else can he do!" ! Everyone knows what happened after the start of the "Cultural Revolution" and spent seven and a half years in prison. After being completely free, he became seriously ill and lost the physical conditions for visiting relatives in his hometown. Zhou Enshou said to his wife Wang Shiqin before he died, "After I die, you should send my ashes back to Huai 'an anyway. The backyard of my hometown, where I grew vegetables when I was a child, is deeply buried. Let me go back to my hometown and have a look ... "
Zhou Enshou's life is a life of running for life and revolution. He devoted himself to the torrent of the great revolution, and once struggled and fought on the cusp of the revolutionary torrent. Although he was later pushed aside by the revolutionary wave, under the influence and instruction of his brother, he always kept inextricably linked with the revolutionary cause of China. It should be said that he is a person who has contributed to the motherland and the people, and he is also a person with a bumpy life. His dying wish embodies the tradition of our Chinese nation for thousands of years, as well as his attachment and love for his hometown. As Zhou Enlai said to another Huai 'an fellow villager in Shihezi, Xinjiang on July 5th, 1965, "A person who loves his motherland doesn't love his hometown". Huai 'an, Zhou Enshou's hometown, understands him better and expects his long-cherished wish of "returning to the root" to come true.