In the 13th year of Jian 'an, Liu Bei was defeated by Cao Cao in Changbanpo and fled with the people. In this battle, Liu Bei's army suffered heavy losses, and his two daughters were captured by Cao Chun. Liu Bei won the time to escape because Zhang Fei broke the bridge according to the water, while Mrs. Gan and Zhao Yun survived under the protection. After the war, Liu Bei gave up his plan to go to Jiangling and went to Jiangxia to see Liu Qi, the eldest son of Liu Biao.
Speaking of Changbanpo, our first thought is Zhao Zilong, a white horse and a silver gun, riding alone to save the young master. Literature and art are not reality, and real history is more legendary than the romance of the Three Kingdoms. Zhao Yun's saving Adou is only a small part of this historical drama.
First, Prime Minister Cao is ambitious.
Changbanpo Ancient Battlefield Site is located in the southwest suburb of Jingmen City, Hubei Province. It belonged to Dangyang County, South County of Jingzhou in the Eastern Han Dynasty. In September of the 13th year of Jian 'an, Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty and Cao Cao Group, representing the Eastern Han Dynasty, conquered Jingzhou and fought an important battle with Liu Bei Group in Changbanpo. For Jingzhou, Cao Cao had an idea very early. In the second year of Jian 'an, Cao attacked and occupied Wanxian County, Wanxian County and Jingzhou, and Zhang Xiu attached himself to Jingzhou Pastoral Liu Biao. Jun and Liu Zhang joined forces to fight around Rang County, and they won and lost each other. At the end of the fourth year of Jian 'an, Zhang Xiu voluntarily surrendered, but Cao Cao relieved the threat from the southwest without fighting Wanxian, and then devoted himself to the decisive battle with Yuan Shao, the strongest force in the north.
In the winter of Jian 'an five years, Cao Cao defeated Yuan Zhuli in Guandu, and gained military superiority in Hebei from then on. In the autumn of the eighth year of Jian 'an, before Cao Cao solved the Hebei problem, he marched into Xiping, runan county, bordering Nanyang County, in an attempt to beat Liu Biao first. Then the situation in Hebei changed dramatically. In order to concentrate on solving Yuan Shao's influence, Cao Cao temporarily cancelled the southern expedition. In the winter of the twelfth year of Jian 'an, Gongsun Kang, the satrap of Liaodong, defeated Yuan Yuan Shang's brothers, and all the remnants of Yuan Shao were destroyed. At this point, Cao Cao eliminated the northern heroes and unified the north and south of the river. In the spring of the thirteenth year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao dug a Xuanwu pool in Yecheng, Jizhou, to practice the water army. The southern expedition was put on the agenda again.
In June of that year, the Eastern Han court abolished the three fairs. Before that, it wronged itself. Cao Cao, who was in power as a general, became prime minister and finally became a well-deserved "one person under ten thousand people." In July, Prime Minister Cao led his troops south to attack Jingzhou, a semi-independent region that had been separated for a long time since Dong Zhuo. In September, Cao Cao arrived in Xinye, Nanyang County, and got a great news-Jingzhou surrendered.
Second, there was no successor to Liu Jingzhou.
Jingzhou political group surrendered without a fight because their soul figure Liu Biao died. Most future generations think that Liu Biao is "broad outside and taboo inside, but an empty talker"; In fact, as one of the heroes who left a name in the troubled times at the end of the Han Dynasty, Liu Jingsheng was by no means an idle person. In the first year of Chuping in Xian Di, Liu Biao was appointed as the secretariat of Jingzhou by the court controlled by Dong Zhuo. At that time, Yuan Shu, the "four generations, three publics", occupied the first county of Jingzhou and Nanyang, accounting for nearly half of the registered permanent residence in the whole state. Sun Jian, an ally of Yuan Shu and a famous expert, also controlled a part of Jingzhou, and a large number of "bandits" fought in various counties in the south of the Yangtze River. The situation is critical.
Faced with such a chaotic situation, Liu Biao, who had no soldiers and no generals, did not wait to complain. He "single-handedly entered Yicheng" and won the support of the Jingxiang family Cai and Kuai through the exchange of interests. With his strength, he regained Xiangyang and initially established himself in Jingzhou.
In the third year of Chuping, Yuan Shu ordered Sun Jian to attack Liu Biao. Sun Jian won the first battle, but was ambushed and killed, and the army retreated. The following year, Yuan Shu defeated Chenliu County in Yanzhou and fled Nanyang. Liu Biao unified Jingzhou formally. However, Nanyang County suffered a huge population loss in successive years of war. Liu Biao continued to stay in Xiangyang, which was easy to defend but difficult to attack, and took Wancheng as the outpost-Jingzhou originally belonged to Wanxian County. Liu Biao moved to Xiangyang to avoid the sharp edge of Yuan Shu, which could better ensure his own safety and help to strengthen the control of Jingnan counties.
Since then, Liu Biao has used various tactics to suppress and recruit thieves from all walks of life, merged and compiled their works, and formed his own powerful armed forces. Liu Biao has at least two clan commanders, one of whom is Liu Pan, the nephew of the clan who once shared Youxian County with Huang Zhong. Another nephew, Liu Hu, once led five thousand spearmen to Xiakou to resist Sun Cejun of Jiangdong. Although Liu Biao was a famous party member at that time, he had no foundation in Jingzhou and laid the foundation with his bare hands. This ability is a temporary choice. It was Cao Liusun, the contemporary, who was too rebellious, not the incompetent Liu Jingsheng.
Of course, Liu Biao has his own problems, but it is not what most people think, that is, "abandoning the long and making the young, regardless of principles." It does involve morality, but it has little influence on real politics. As long as the core is determined as soon as possible, other disputes can be resolved. The problem is that Liu Biao hesitated. He hesitated between Liu Qi and Brenc, so that "the two sons are not in harmony, and the generals in the army have their own differences." Liu Biao can still suppress when he is alive, and the back is bound to split. Not only does he not keep in line with the outside world, but he will also contain each other.
Liu Cong, Liu Biao's successor, is not a fool. Sun Quan understands the truth that "the general welcomes Cao Cao and wants to return to China safely". He naturally understands that infighting is more important than foreign invasion. If Liu Cong is determined to fight against Cao Cao, Liu Qi will have no chance to stab him. Deborah's die-hard loyalty is not much, and most families still can't sit back and watch. Really involves Liu Qi, even Liu Cong's husband's family.
Therefore, Liu Cong's choice is easy to understand. It was Cao Cao who saw through Liu Cong's mind, flatly abandoned the trench and rushed into Xiangyang to surrender, laying the overall situation in one fell swoop. The peaceful capture of Xiangyang is only the first step of the great cause of the Southern Expedition, and then Cao Jun will advance cautiously and conquer the whole territory of Jingzhou. But before that, Cao Cao has to do one thing first. Chasing Liu Bei, his old enemy.
Third, Liu Xuande led the people across the river.
In the autumn of the sixth year of Jian 'an, Liu Bei, a shepherd from Yuzhou, gave up runan county in Yuzhou and fled to Jingzhou to attach himself to Liu Biao. This is the fifth person entrusted by the lean Liu Xuande. The first four people are Gongsun Zan, Tao Qian, Cao Cao and Yuan Shao. For the arrival of Liu Bei, Liu Biao is still very welcome. He personally went to the suburbs to greet him with a grand ceremony. Later, Liu Biao sent more troops to Liu Bei, and then handed over the new field to Liu Bei for garrison and management.
Why is Liu Biao so kind to Liu Bei? Because he needed a general to help him resist the pressure from the north, just as he had accepted that Zhang Xiu was stationed in Wancheng. At that time, Liu Bei was famous for his ability to fight. No one can handle Cao Cao except for his personal expedition. Therefore, despite his low loyalty, all rulers are willing to accept him. What they want is this double bonus stick gold medal thug.
Liu Biao certainly knows Liu Bei's criminal record, so he "doubts his heart and resists it"; Liu Bei is not Bai Lianhua either. On the one hand, he contacted and accepted the "hero" of Jingzhou, on the other hand, he intervened in Liu Biao's housework and hooked up with Liu Qi. The mutual distrust between the two people will maintain the superficial harmony. In the long run, it will become a situation of "heavy responsibility without control, light responsibility without (Liu)". As a result, in the twelfth year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao arrived in Wuwan, and Xu was empty. When Jingzhou Group's only chance to break the game appeared, Liu Biao failed to grasp it, and finally sat down and did nothing. Liu Bei could only do nothing.
In September of the thirteenth year of Jian 'an, Liu Bei received a tip-off, and the Prime Minister Cao had arrived in Nanyang-all Cao Jun assembled in Nanyang respectively. Cao Cao himself set out from Yecheng in August, went to Xudu by the way, took time to cut down Kong Rong, who was always complaining, and walked on the road for two months. Liu Bei knew something was wrong. He knows his own weight, and he can handle other Cao Jiang. When he met Cao Cao's main force, those guns in his hand were absolutely unlucky, so he decided to go forward! So there was the prelude to the Changbanpo War-"Liu Xuande led the people to cross the river".
However, leaving is not so easy. During his years in Jingzhou, Liu Bei still saved some possessions, the most important of which was the tens of thousands of people who settled in the fields. Liu Bei was used as a meat shield for Liu Biao. At that time, Xia Houdun, Cao Jun, Wang Bo and Yu Jin were stationed in Wanxian County and coveted Jingxiang; Both of them are independent generals, and there are always more than 10,000 men under them. After the battle of Guandu, Yuan Shao's main force was lost, and Cao Cao no longer needed to put all his troops on the northern line. Liu Bei confronted Cao Jun in Xinye for a long time, and they fought to the death, even gaining the upper hand-Liu Bei personally directed the burning of Bowangpo, but recorded Zhuge Liang in the romance.
To do this, only three or five thousand troops can't cope; However, if Liu Bei supports 10,000-20,000 troops, then Liu Biao can't sleep-Xinye is not far from Xiangyang, and there are also waterways for communication between the two places, and if Liu Bei wants to fight back, he can go to Enemy at the Gates in a day or two. After mutual compromise, the result was that Liu Biao took out a military supply quota, which only guaranteed Liu Bei's standing army of several thousand, but allowed him to recruit refugees around Xinye to open up wasteland and organize villagers to join the army in an emergency. In this way, Liu Bei's defensive soil is more than enough, and everyone can feel at ease.
According to the author, the heroes of the three countries are all war-torn and they know the importance of having enough food and ammunition. However, in many places, it is impossible to organize production because warlords are sawing back and forth. If conditions permit, everyone will open fields. Cao Cao is famous for his large-scale reclamation and remarkable achievements. Liu Bei has dealt with Cao Cao and knows more or less about Ren Jun's cultivation of farmland. You can still learn from others.
The Three Kingdoms said that Liu Bei had crossed the Hanshui River with a group of refugees. He had planned to join forces with Liu Cong against Cao Cao, but Liu Cong refused to accept it, so Liu Bei had to move to Jiangling, Nanjun to make other plans. At that time, many people in Xiangyang defected to Liu Bei-probably Liu Qi's supporters and his family, which led to the further growth of Liu Bei's team. "Compared with more than 100,000 people in Dangyang, the trench is 1,200, and the daily trip is more than ten miles." Some people thought it was inappropriate to March like this, so they advised Liu Bei to "protect Jiangling as soon as possible", and Liu Bei said a big truth: "People must be the foundation of great events. Today's people belong to me. Why can't I give up!"
Actually, it's not like this. Liu Bei is not a bad person. He can lose his wife and children in an emergency, so he doesn't really care about benevolence and morality. The point is that most of the people who accompanied him were Xinye settlers. These people are the basic dishes that Liu Bei painstakingly created. They came after doing everything possible to mobilize. In the future, after he captured Jiangling, they will serve as the basis of his rule. They must never give up unless they have to.
In order to win the trust of others, Liu Bei set an example and walked with the brigade. He can't even send his helpless family away first. Because everyone is not a fool, the boss's every move can be seen in his eyes. When disaster comes, isn't it easier to abandon everyone's feet and smear them with oil? "If you want to wear a crown, you must endure it first." Good reputation is very important, and it is difficult to maintain! Many people think that "traveling more than ten miles a day" is tortoise speed, and being so slow in a military emergency is death.
In fact, this is not the case. At that time, the normal March of the troops was 30 miles a day-/kloc-This is the speed that European troops usually used in the 9th century. Those refugees who have not been trained and organized can walk at half the speed of the regular army, and they have done very well. If there are not a large number of people who are slightly organized to be the backbone, it is almost inevitable to be scared or even break up on the way. Liu Bei's temper is still a little rough, so it is estimated that he can't do such complicated and trivial work, probably written by Zhuge Liang. Even so, this speed is not enough, and many people will come to the end of their lives in Dangyang.
Four, butch riding, speed and * * *
Cao Caobing entered Xiangyang without bloodshed, and there was no peace. He heard that Liu Bei led many people to flee to the south. Their escape destination may be Jiangling, where Liu Biao hoarded a lot of military assets. This is not bad! Cao Cao knows very well that his old rival is Xiao Qiang, and there is a little sunshine shining on him. Let him gain a foothold in Jiangling, and I don't know how much trouble to give myself. Before it's too late, Cao Cao flashed his most elite corps-butch riding, and immediately set out to pursue it-the reflection only said that "Cao Gong rode five thousand horses to chase". It is not clear whether this five thousand troops rode for butch, but Wei Shujiu's Biography of Xiahou Cao mentioned that the butch riding governor Cao Chun "chased Liu Bei in Neiban", which shows that butch riding and service are undoubtedly.
Tiger and leopard rode the famous powerhouse of the Three Kingdoms, and actually "more than 300 miles a day and one night", caught up with and defeated Liu Bei's brigade in Changbanpo, seized almost all the trench and played a classic "blitzkrieg"! So many people admire it as the strongest army in the three countries.
I regret to tell you that this is not true. It is impossible to "walk more than 300 miles a day and night". Even modern mechanized troops have to lie in a pile when they run 150 or 60 kilometers at a time, and the machines are still like this, let alone flesh and blood. Horses are much more fragile than we thought. Running for a long time consumes a lot of energy, and heat accumulates rapidly in the body, which is very harmful to the health of horses. They can't recover unless they eat a lot and rest for a long time. They may be able to run 300 miles if they work hard, but that's the speed at which a dead horse can be a living horse doctor! During the Three Kingdoms period, the horse administration was abandoned, and the mainland army was generally short of horses. When Cao Cao fought Yuan Shao in Guandu, there were only a few hundred horses, and Zhong You sent two thousand horses, all of which were worth a lot of money in his biography. It can be seen that horses are hard-won, and they are absolutely unwilling to spend casually.
Of course, cavalry can change horses. Cao Cao captured a large number of horses during his expedition to Wuwan and was able to equip the ace troops with more war horses. But at best, he only has one person and two horses, and he has to run with them. This is just a light load. Butchers ride a long distance and can't carry a lot of feed, so the death rate of horses has been high.
Even without considering the injury of horses, ancient knights could hardly bear riding for too long. After all, they didn't 1 13 break into the third stop at1950 70km, nor did they 1935 raid the Red Fourth Regiment of Luding Bridge overnight! As mercenaries in the middle ages, the vast majority of butch riders could not have the will to stick to the end, and were bound to fall behind in large numbers, even exhausted on the way. It should be noted that the vacancy of tiger and leopard riding should be selected from the top 100 generals, and the death of one can make boss Cao feel distressed for a long time.
In the final analysis, the pursuit of Liu Bei is not worth the loss, at the expense of Cao Cao's escape from the imperial army! Then why did the "Three Kingdoms" record the words "traveling more than 300 miles a day and a night"? In fact, this language is only found in Shu Shu Zhuan, Wei Shu Wu Di Ji and Cao Chun Zhuan, and there is no specific description, so it can be seen that it is from Liu Bei's Historical Records. The problem was that the battlefield was in chaos. How did Liu Xuande know that Jun came to ride five thousand instead of three thousand or ten thousand? How do you know that the pursuers ran 300 miles a day and a night? Just "take it for granted." The secret lies in Liu Bei's fiasco in this battle, and he made up the myth that "it is not that our army is incompetent, but that Cao Jun is too abnormal" to laugh at himself.
There are still some inconsistencies in the "Three Kingdoms": Since the tiger and leopard can catch up so well, how did the north go to Dangyang, 300 miles ahead? According to the Biography of the First Master, Liu Bei got the news only when Cao Cao arrived in Wancheng, and then left Xinye. Of course, his escape team, which is a mixture of soldiers and civilians, is much slower than Cao Cao, who went into battle lightly. From the map, the distance from Wancheng to Xinye and Xinye to Xiangyang is almost the same, and Cao Liu's front and back feet reach Xiangyang. At most, Liu Bei will leave three or five days in advance. According to their journey of more than ten miles a day, he can't run out of Xiangyang. Where can Butch ride?
5. Changbanpo, a true lie
So the real situation should be like this: In August of the 13th year of Jian' an, Liu Biao died. Although Cai Mao kept Liu Cong's funeral a secret, he could not hide it for too long. If Liu Cong wants to follow in his father's footsteps, he will always come out and announce his succession. Besides, Zhuge Liang's living map is around Liu Bei, which is inextricably linked with Jing Xiang's family. Liu Bei soon got accurate information, so he began to do things-although the Biography of the First Lord and its notes repeatedly stressed that Liu Bei could not bear to meet Liu Cong; However, the same book also said that after Liu Biao's death, he was the "ruler of Tunfan", that is, the garrison Fancheng, which is now fancheng district in Xiangyang, facing Xiangyang across the Han River. When Liu Biao was alive, outsiders were never allowed to get their hands on this important place.
Obviously, Liu Bei didn't sue himself, no matter how beautiful his words were, driving the army to Fancheng was a threat to his master Enemy at the Gates, and his heart could be punished! At this time, Zhuge Liang suggested attacking Xiangyang directly, but Liu Bei was afraid of political influence and was unwilling to pay a great price, hoping not to defeat the enemy. As I said before, Liu Bei's standing army is not many, and it is necessary to mobilize soldiers to set up a field in order to suppress the border with private soldiers. Of course, it takes time. At the end of August, Liu Bei gathered tens of thousands of troops and ordered the ministries to cross the Hanshui River, slowly approaching Xiangyang, and set the base camp in Fancheng. Liu Qi's arrival, a righteous birthright, formed an absolute advantage, which drove Liu Cong to form an alliance with Enemy at the Gates.
It's just that Liu Bei underestimated Cai Mao's panic. In order to protect themselves, they simply surrendered to Cao Cao. If Liu Cai won't do it, he will. They not only sent people to the north to demand surrender, but even expressed their choice to Liu Bei-beat a retreat, and I won't even think about it until I get it done! This skill completely surprised Liu Bei, and there was nothing he could do for such a desperate plan to hurt the enemy by 800 and damage the enemy by 1,000-since Xiangyang had no previous storm, it was too late anyway, and it would be finished if he hesitated any longer. So in early September, Liu Bei left Xiangyang and went to Jiangling.
At about the same time, Cao Cao vowed to go south in Wancheng, and the army did not move fast. After walking for seven or eight days and 200 miles to Xinye, he received the surrender from Jingzhou. Most of Cao Ying's generals doubted Liu Cong's sincerity, but Cao Cao thought it was now or never-Liu Cong was unstable, and it was impossible to have the energy to play tricks with foreign countries. If he can't give a positive answer soon, it will increase the variables. So Prime Minister Cao pushed aside the crowd, left the big group behind, and Jane came to Xiangyang lightly.
According to the author, Cao Cao didn't want to eat Jingzhou at the beginning of his southern expedition, but because Xia Houdun and Yu Jin couldn't figure out Liu Bei and wanted to take care of Big Ear Thief personally, there was no large-scale mobilization. If, as some history books say, Cao Cao brought hundreds of thousands of troops, it would have to be prepared for several months to make the world famous; Then throw most of the capital in Chibi, and the dominance of the Cao family will undoubtedly fall apart. Of course, it depends on the owner to beat the dog, and to defeat Liu Bei, you must wrestle with Liu Biao. Cao Jun's strength should be thirty thousand. Later, when he learned of Liu Biao's death and received a letter from Liu Cong, Cao Cao decided to turn it into a strategic conquest.
Although Cao Cao believes that Liu Cong's surrender is true, as a veteran of the battlefield, he should make two preparations-Jingzhou may not be completely unified with Liu Cong, and there may still be battles to be fought. We should take 10 thousand troops, and we should not run too fast and kill ourselves. It takes about four days to get to Xiangyang. After entering Xiangyang, Cao Jun had to rest for two or three days. They can't feed their horses well on the road. Their horses must have lost weight and must recover before they can fight. Then it took Tiger and Leopard about three days to catch up with Liu Bei-it is good for a large corps to walk hundreds of miles a day in a strange place, and there are nearly 200 miles from Dangyang to Jiangling, so Liu Bei can't fly a day or two later. In this way, Liu Bei is fifteen to twenty days ahead of Cao Cao, and it is appropriate to walk out of three hundred miles.
Then it's time for the fighters to rush in and kill the quartet, right? Sorry, this is Changbanpo, not chopping on horseback. That's not how cavalry works. Although Liu Bei's army is mostly a rabble, there are hundreds of thousands of people there. "There is no limit to the number of people." Thousands of cavalry rushed in and couldn't cut off a few heads, so they would fall into the crowd, lose their vital mobility, and become eye-catching living targets, allowing the other crossbowmen to hunt one by one.
Cao Caocai didn't get the second place in the exam. As soon as Dangyang determined the position of Liu Bei's brigade, he stopped more than ten miles away to recharge his batteries, waited patiently until nightfall, then lit a torch and made a noise. The momentum of thousands of troops running together is amazing, especially at night, untrained refugees can't judge the scale of pursuers at all, enlarge their panic infinitely in their own imagination, trample on themselves and even collapse in order to survive. Butch and the leopard rest on horseback and split up along the wings to make noise. The main force hung the guard of Liu Bei's brigade, and from time to time rushed to kill several stragglers, which further aggravated the spread of panic.
At this time, Liu Bei was completely powerless. They were not directly defeated by butch riding, but scattered by their own disorderly army. Any persistent efforts in this avalanche are in vain. However, everything has advantages and disadvantages. It is because of these people's interference that Tiger and Leopard can't find Zhong Jun's handsome flag at all, and Liu Bei can get away with it. According to Zhao Yunchuan, Liu Xuande has the legacy of his ancestor Liu Ji, who mercilessly abandoned his wife and children. General Zilong, as the leader of the Guards, can only protect the big boss first, and then turn around to rescue his wife and young master when Liu Bei reaches safety. Fortunately, Cao Jun only clamored in the periphery. Zhaoyun only needed to find a few more eye-catching women and children to fight, and didn't fight much-at most, he could make an example of a few mutinous soldiers who robbed the fish in troubled waters, and he could "protect the weak ... protect Mrs. Gump ... from difficulties".
As for Zhang Fei's "breaking the bridge by water", it was Cao Jun's cavalry regiment that scared away, not the main force of butch riding. Some people say that Liu Bei took in a large number of refugees in order to escape at a critical moment as a human shield. This is the heart of a villain. At this time, Liu Xuande is the most saddened. Of course, he was saddened to lose the money he had accumulated for many years to make a comeback, instead of his two daughters falling into the hands of the wretched uncle Cao Chun.
6. Zhuge Liang takes precautions
When Yang's fiasco was a heavy blow to Liu Bei, it was also a shame to Zhuge Liang. However, God never shuts one door but he opens another, and his earlier game of idle chess will soon come into play. That is Jiangxia Liu Qi. Earlier, I rejected Zhuge Liang's suggestion to Foreign Minister Liu Qi to avoid disaster. I feel that he ignores Liu Bei's interests, so that he can't contact in an emergency and completely loses the meaning of alliance. After repeated consideration, I found it very simple to think things over: Liu Qi turned to Zhuge Liang for help by "going to the house to take the ladder", which showed that his situation was very dangerous and he could be murdered by Cai Mao at any time. Liu Qi is the signboard of the 26 th Alliance. Without its legitimacy, it would not exist. Therefore, protecting the safety of Liu Qi is the first priority.
I have a bold assumption: Liu Qi's danger refers to Liu Biao's connivance of Cai Mao and others, which is not a general loss of power, but has seriously angered Liu Biao-probably because Liu Qi and Liu Bei are closely related, which has aroused Liu Biao's vigilance and suspected that his son has the ambition to seek a position with the help of outsiders. If this happens, Liu Bei should also keep a distance from himself, of course, as far away from each other as possible.
I thought that Liu Qi's appointment as Jiangxia satrap was purely accidental, because it could only be decided by Liu Biao, but it happened that Huang Zu died and the satrap was vacant. Come to think of it, this is not necessarily the result of deliberate operation. Of course, Liu Bei can't influence Liu Biao's thoughts, but Liu Biao's in-laws may influence the Huang family in Miannan, and Zhuge Liang, the son-in-law of the Huang family, can exert indirect influence from it.
Why does Huang support Liu Qi to govern Jiangxia? Because Jiangxia is the Huang family's sphere of influence-Huang Zu, who served as Jiangxia's satrap for a long time before Liu Qi, is not the humble Beowulf we imagined. His son, Huang She, also served as the prefect of Zhang Ling. Both father and son attach importance to Liu Biao's family background, which shows that Huang Zu will be a celebrity of Huang in Miannan, and some even think that he is Zhuge Liang's father-in-law Huang Chengyan-if not, he is a bigwig of Huang. Huang Zu has been guarding Jiangxia for many years, and the Huang family has deep roots in this county. If they are willing to support Liu Qi, Liu Biao will still sell them face.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the eastern part of Nanyang County was designated as Zhangling County, which was abandoned after Cao Cao occupied Jingzhou. At the end of the Han Dynasty, all scholars had only one name. Obviously, Huang trained each other with "Zu" and "Cheng", and the possibility of Huang Zu inheriting Yan is not ruled out. For the Huang family, it is ugly and easy to be criticized to directly recommend the succession of relatives; Expressing support for Liu Qi who has no foundation will neither damage his own foundation nor avoid Liu Biao's suspicion. For Liu Bei, he or his direct subordinates will definitely not get the position of Jiangxia satrap, and it is acceptable for his ally Liu Qixian to occupy this position, which means that he has expanded his power himself; Zhuge Liang has a great influence on the Huang family, so it is not a problem to raise Liu Qi when necessary.
In fact, that's exactly what they did. After Liu Bei fled to Xiakou to meet Liu Qi, he soon became the actual decision-maker of the alliance. Liu Qi didn't make a sound except that he was carried out as a secretariat when he needed to fight for Jingzhou's sense of honor and fame after Battle of Red Cliffs.