Keywords: all countries recognize academic qualifications.
Adult higher education:
Adult higher education is an important part of higher education. Radio and TV universities, workers' universities, vocational and technical colleges, farmers' colleges, management cadre colleges, education colleges, independent correspondence colleges and adult (secondary) education colleges (hereinafter referred to as adult colleges) that hold adult higher education with the approval of the Ministry of Education implement national unified enrollment.
There are three types of enrollment: from junior college to undergraduate course, from high school to undergraduate course, and from high school to junior college.
There are three forms of study-full-time, part-time (including part-time and night university) and correspondence, in which the minimum study period of full-time is: two years in junior college, four years in junior college and two years in junior college; The minimum study period for amateur and correspondence courses is two and a half years for junior college, five years for junior college and two and a half years for junior college.
Tuition: academic year system and credit system, with lower tuition standard.
Special point: there are threshold restrictions, and you need to participate in unified registration, examination and admission.
It has a long history and a large group of candidates. Undergraduate enrollment institutions have the right to award adult bachelor's degrees.
Higher education self-study exam:
The self-study examination of higher education is a national examination of higher education for self-learners, which is the product of the combination of individual self-study, social assistance and national examination. The self-taught examination system was established in 198 1 year. At present, the self-study examination has spread to 3 1 province, autonomous region, municipality directly under the central government, military system and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan regions, and it is the largest open form of higher education in China. People's Republic of China (PRC) citizens, regardless of gender, age, nationality, race and education level, can take the self-study exam in accordance with the provisions of the Provisional Regulations of the State Council on Higher Education Self-study Exam.
Enrollment type: technical secondary school, junior college, undergraduate, independent undergraduate course.
Learning form: Candidates are mainly self-taught. According to the needs and possibilities, self-taught candidates can choose face-to-face, correspondence, radio, television, audio-visual and other ways to receive guidance and help. Some applied technology majors need to participate in full-time study and have corresponding graduation years. The exam is divided into subjects and accumulated credits to gradually complete the study. In accordance with the requirements of the professional examination plan, examinations are conducted in different categories, and those who pass the course examination are issued with a certificate of single subject, and credits are calculated according to regulations. Those who fail can take the next exam of this course. Complete all the courses specified in the professional examination plan and obtain qualified grades, and complete graduation thesis or other teaching practice tasks.
Cost: The cost of taking the course exam is relatively low.
Features: academic qualifications are highly recognized by the society and are difficult to pass.
The lowest threshold form of higher education. There is basically no limit to the number of years of graduation.
Open education in RTVU:
Open education in RTVU is a form of education relative to closed education. Its basic characteristics are: taking students and learning as the center, eliminating and breaking through the restrictions and obstacles to learners. For example, open education does not have too many restrictions on age, occupation, region, learning qualifications and so on. Anyone who has a certain cultural foundation and is interested in learning can apply for admission without taking the entrance examination. Students have certain autonomy in course selection and media use, and their learning methods, learning progress, time and place can also be decided by themselves according to their needs; Use a variety of media teaching materials and modern information technology in teaching and so on.
Enrollment type: junior college, junior college.
Learning form: distance education is combined with face-to-face instruction, and the credit system is implemented. The longest graduation period can reach 8 years.
Tuition: medium.
Features: Students should have certain online learning conditions. Give priority to on-the-job, part-time and autonomous learning, and receive necessary face-to-face counseling and learning support services. There is a high degree of freedom in learning time and no fixed class system.
The entrance examination is equivalent to the baseline examination, and there is basically no entrance threshold. Other types of TV university students need to pass the general college entrance examination or adult college entrance examination. Forgiveness is not "leniency", and you must obtain the required credits before graduation.
Network university;
Network university is a new educational model. At present, there are 67 pilot online schools with enrollment qualifications approved by the Ministry of Education. Different from traditional teaching methods, online universities mainly implement teaching through distance education. Students click on the online courseware (or CD-ROM courseware) to complete the course study, submit homework to the teacher by email or email, or communicate immediately, and some concentrate on face-to-face teaching.
Enrollment type: junior college, junior college and junior college. Online universities usually implement flexible academic system, allowing students to freely choose the study period. In senior high school, the general academic system of junior college and junior college is 3 years, and the study period is 2-5 years. The starting point of senior high school undergraduate course is generally 5 years and the study period is 4-7 years. According to the documents of the Ministry of Education, online colleges in pilot colleges can decide their own enrollment scope and standards, examination methods, enrollment numbers, enrollment majors and graduation certificates.
Tuition: Compared with adult higher education and self-taught examination, the tuition standard of online universities is much higher, but students can save other expenses such as accommodation, meals and transportation.
Special point: those who meet the requirements can be admitted without trial. Those who do not meet the exemption conditions need to take the entrance examination of the school.
Emerging things cannot replace traditional forms of education.