College generally refers to college \x0d\ college generally refers to the level of college (higher vocational education), which is a part of university and different from undergraduate. College education is mainly undertaken by higher vocational colleges and junior colleges, and some undergraduate colleges also offer junior colleges. No degree will be awarded to a junior college, but a diploma will be awarded after graduation. \x0d\ Higher vocational education and higher vocational education belong to the specialized level of general higher education. The former is technical, while the latter is theoretical, with different emphases and no essential difference. The training objectives of the two are unified. On the basis of complete secondary education, cultivate a group of talents with university knowledge and certain professional skills and skills, and impart their knowledge on the basis of ability and practicality. The enrollment of the two is parallel. \ x0d \ x0d \ Detailed explanation \ x0d \ Specialty aims at training technical talents, that is, the training goal of colleges and universities is practicality, that is, on the basis of completing secondary education, a group of talents with college knowledge and certain professional skills are trained, and the teaching of knowledge is based on availability and practicality. According to Chinese mainland's education system, education is divided into preschool education, primary education, secondary education and higher education. College education is a professional education that is shorter than undergraduate education on the basis of completing secondary education. Like undergraduate education and postgraduate education, it is an important part of China's higher education system. \x0d\ College is commonly known as "junior college". College students studying in junior colleges are usually called "junior college students". (Social name, influenced by social media) \x0d "College degree" is sometimes called "College degree" or "College degree". (official name, mostly used for full-time junior college, official documents or resumes) \x0d\ Junior college students mainly come from the national college entrance examination, that is, they are admitted through the college entrance examination in June every year (the fourth batch in the university admission order), have completed all the courses of their major, and obtained a junior college degree after passing the examination or examination results. \x0d\ Full-time college students have graduation certificates, employment registration cards for college graduates from national colleges and universities, and employment agreements for college graduates from national colleges and universities. \x0d\ Higher vocational colleges are ordinary institutions of higher learning at the junior college level. The names of higher vocational schools are ×× Vocational and Technical College, ×× Vocational College and Vocational University. The name of the college (college) is "×× college" or "college". \x0d\ There are also higher vocational colleges named "University" or "College", such as Zhongzhou University, Kaifeng University and Ningbo Institute of Education. \ x0d \ x0d \ Specialized education of different majors in China. \x0d\ According to the characteristics of low overall level of productivity and production socialization in the primary stage of socialism in China, underdeveloped commodity economy and domestic market, different levels of economic development in different regions, unbalanced technical level in various fields and different types of education, the social function of engineering college education is mainly to train practical talents for small and medium-sized enterprises, especially township enterprises, and some of them are engaged in manufacturing, technology (construction), operation management and maintenance for large and medium-sized backbone enterprises; \x0d\ Specialized medical education mainly trains practical talents engaged in medical prevention and primary health care of common diseases for grass-roots medical units at or below the county level, and also trains medical technicians such as radiology, laboratory and pharmacy for hospitals at all levels; \x0d\ Agricultural and forestry college education mainly trains agricultural and forestry technology popularization and application talents and production management talents for agricultural and forestry technology extension institutions and production management departments at county and township levels; \x0d\ Normal college education mainly trains teachers for junior high schools; \x0d\ Financial and economic professional education mainly trains applied talents in economic management, planning, sales, taxation, finance and accounting for county and regional departments and enterprises and institutions; \x0d\ Professional education of politics and law mainly trains applied talents engaged in legal work for courts, procuratorates and judicial departments at county and district levels, and some of them train applied talents engaged in secretarial and inspection work for legal departments at or above the provincial level. \x0d\x0d\ Difference between junior college and undergraduate college \ x0d \ School running mode \ x0d \ Junior college: the entrance is students, and the exit is mainly skilled and applied talents. The teaching quality monitoring system of the school is not open and international. \x0d\ Undergraduate: There are students and scientific research projects at the entrance, and students' theory popularization at the exit, with less practice, higher openness and stronger social influence. Since 1960s, due to the development of economy and science and technology, international higher education has undergone structural adjustment. At present, higher education in many countries in the world consists of three types of education: academic education, engineering education and technical education. \x0d\ 1。 Academic education-training academic talents who discover and master objective laws. \x0d\2。 Engineering education-training engineering talents who can transform objective laws (that is, scientific principles) into design, planning and decision-making. \x0d\3。 Technical education-training technical talents who can transform design, planning and decision-making (drawings and documents) into material products or have specific effects on society. \x0d\ The concepts of "engineering" and "technology" above are defined by the activity characteristics and work connotation of such talents, so they have broad meanings. The word "engineering" has been extended to packaging engineering, information engineering and software engineering. The connotation of "technology" has also covered management technology, education technology, marketing technology and operation technology. Academic education and engineering education are mostly undertaken by traditional universities or institutions of higher learning in various countries, while technical education is undertaken by higher vocational colleges that emerged after the 1960s. \x0d\ Teaching objective \x0d\ Specialty: training middle and senior talents with certain professional knowledge and skills; Cultivate talents who can adapt to production, management, service and technical application; To cultivate talents with certain theoretical knowledge and professional skills who can engage in a certain occupation or a certain kind of work, the teaching of their knowledge should focus on "practicality" and "practicality". \x0d\ undergraduate course: to cultivate senior talents who have a solid grasp of the basic theory, professional knowledge and basic skills of this discipline and have the initial ability to engage in scientific research or undertake professional and technical work. Students are required to have a reasonable knowledge structure, master the general methods of scientific work, correctly judge and solve practical problems, have the ability and habit of lifelong learning, and be able to adapt to and be competent in changing professional fields. The teaching of undergraduate education knowledge should not only develop to the depth of disciplines, but also pay attention to the horizontal connection between disciplines. At the same time, undergraduate education should focus on cultivating students' scientific thinking ability, creativity, innovative spirit and entrepreneurial spirit. \x0d\ functional structure \x0d\ major: teaching and practice are the main functions. \x0d\ Undergraduate: Its main functions are teaching, scientific research, achievement transformation and industrial service. \x0d\ knowledge structure \x0d\ specialty: a horizontal professional post knowledge module, which emphasizes the post business knowledge and practical operation skills, and the theory is based on "sufficiency" and "practicality". Paying more attention to "what to do" and "how to do it" and transforming the category of understanding the world is the unity of a relatively complete practical system and a relatively incomplete theoretical system. \x0d\ undergraduate: a vertical framework knowledge system, emphasizing the integration of courses, the integrity and comprehensiveness of disciplines, and the transfer of interdisciplinary knowledge. Focusing on "what" and "why" and understanding the category of the world is the unity of a relatively complete theoretical system and a relatively incomplete practical system. \x0d\ discipline and specialty \x0d\ specialty: mainly oriented to industries or places, with narrow professional coverage, small quantity and strong social adaptability. \x0d\ undergraduate course: mainly oriented to industries and large economic regions, with wide professional coverage, large quantity and wide social comprehensive adaptability. \x0d\ Teacher structure \x0d\ Specialist: The master is the main body, and the teacher takes teaching as the main task. The evaluation of teachers mainly depends on the teaching effect. "Double-qualified" teachers are favored, and there are many influential academic leaders. \x0d\ Undergraduate: The proportion of master's degree is high, and teachers should undertake teaching and research tasks at the same time. Teaching ability and scientific research ability are the main basis for teachers' evaluation, and influential academic leaders are relatively average. \x0d\ organizational structure \x0d\ major: the school is specialized in scale, with high level and linear unified decision-making management. The teaching and research section has become the basic unit of teaching and scientific research. \x0d\ Undergraduate: The scale of running a school is large and there are many levels. The management system is mainly linear or flat, and the powers and responsibilities of the secondary institutions of colleges and departments are enlarged. Team research in the form of project team is more common. \x0d\x0d\ upgraded undergraduate course \ x0d \ definition \ x0d \ upgraded undergraduate course has three situations: unified recruitment, self-taught undergraduate course, adult education (including adult education, online education, TV University, etc. ). The self-taught undergraduate who graduated from junior college belongs to the academic qualifications recognized by the state and society. Article 5 of the General Provisions of the Provisional Regulations on Higher Education Self-study Examination clearly stipulates: "The academic level of higher education self-study examination is the same as that of ordinary colleges and universities." According to the relevant regulations of our country, graduates of higher education self-study examination enjoy the same treatment as similar graduates of ordinary colleges and universities. Self-taught undergraduate students, like similar graduates from ordinary colleges and universities, can take the national unified postgraduate examination, apply for national civil servants, study abroad and so on. It is understood that nearly 30 countries, such as Canada, Britain, the United States, and South Korea, all recognize China's self-taught diploma and accept China's self-taught undergraduate graduates to apply for studying abroad. The application conditions are reduced to studying abroad without a bachelor's degree certificate. Self-taught examination is a hard learning process, and the difficulty is only lower than that of ordinary college examinations. Self-taught undergraduate students have exercised their learning ability, perseverance, perseverance and self-control ability, which shows the gold content of self-taught undergraduate students. Since the establishment of 198 1, more than 3 million college graduates have been trained for our country, and nearly 20% of them have been promoted in their jobs. \x0d\ Type \x0d\ 1, unified recruitment undergraduate course \x0d\ unified recruitment undergraduate course needs to study for another two years (full-time study), which belongs to the national general higher education and has been included in the early enrollment plan. The recognition of its diploma is the highest among undergraduates. Since 2006, 2 1 1, 985 engineering colleges have stopped enrolling undergraduates, and the enrollment ratio of undergraduates in each province is strictly controlled within 5% of the fresh college graduates, and it is included in the enrollment plan of colleges and universities that year, and the sponsorship fee of 8,000 yuan is no longer charged, and the cost is the same as that of ordinary undergraduates. \x0d\2。 Self-taught undergraduate \x0d\ Self-taught undergraduate is an independent undergraduate. Self-taught examination is generally called special edition, which is popular among students because of its free learning form, unlimited application time and major, and higher diploma recognition rate than the latter two. \x0d\3。 Adult college entrance examination \x0d\ adult higher education (adult college entrance examination) means that it is easier to pass the national unified examination and the admission rate is high. Adult college entrance examination is divided into junior college stage and undergraduate stage, and it is an opportunity to apply once a year. \x0d\4。 Network education is also a national higher education system. Its nature is similar to that of adult college entrance examination, which also requires entrance examination, but the difference is that the school makes its own propositions and marks, and enrolls students in spring and autumn. [3] \x0d\ \ x0d \ \ postgraduate entrance examination \ x0d \ how to take postgraduate entrance examination. Two years after graduation, college students apply for graduate students with equivalent academic qualifications. According to the regulations of the Ministry of Education, a person who has obtained a college degree recognized by the state will obtain the same academic qualifications as a college degree two years after graduation (from the year of graduation to September 1 day of the year of admission as a master's degree), and meet the specific business requirements put forward by the admissions unit for candidates according to the training objectives of the unit. This provision is necessary but not sufficient, that is to say, two years (including two years) after graduation from junior college is the basic condition for applying for graduate students, and all enrollment units will also make specific provisions and requirements for the same academic ability on this basis. \x0d\ x0d \ recognition \ x0d \ social recognition of the specialty. In the social environment, different enterprises need different employment registration cards. Compared with those enterprises that need professional talents, junior college students are more suitable, because they think their professional skills and practical ability are ok, and they can also know how to give full play to the skills needed by their major. Similar fields of work are: electronics, electrical appliances, automobiles, transportation and so on. \x0d\ Summary: The degree of recognition of academic certificates by enterprises in society depends on the nature of enterprises. \x0d\x0d\ classification of universities \ x0d \ classification of universities in China. \x0d\ 1。 Divided into public colleges and private colleges by nature. \x0d\2。 According to the admission batch, it is divided into specialist group I and specialist group II. \x0d\ Specialist group refers to public undergraduate colleges (excluding independent colleges and private colleges) directly under the Ministry of Education, specialist (higher vocational) classes of ordinary colleges and vocational and technical colleges, as well as art and sports specialty students in all colleges and universities and other majors enrolled in specialist groups with the approval of the Ministry of Education. \x0d\ The second batch of majors refers to the majors of municipal vocational and technical colleges, independent colleges, private colleges, Chinese-foreign cooperation in running schools in some colleges, independent adult colleges, branch schools, counterparts in higher vocational education, outstanding athletes and practical students.