Over the years, this discipline has been carrying out research around the frontier of discipline development and the needs of national economy and national defense construction, and has formed five unique and relatively stable research directions, such as high-pressure physics, superhard materials and high-pressure phase functional materials, thin-film physics, rare earth solid physics under extreme conditions of high pressure, rare earth permanent magnet compounds and materials magnetism, and aperiodic local solid structure, and has achieved a series of important research results, which have attracted the attention of colleagues at home and abroad. In recent five years, more than 600 papers have been published in major academic journals at home and abroad, including more than 300 papers included in SCI. 10 invited report of important international academic conference. At present, it undertakes more than 60 scientific research projects. Won 3 provincial and ministerial awards and 7 national invention patents.
In the past five years, 56 doctors (27 degrees), masters11person (57 degrees) and 3 postdoctoral students have been enrolled. It not only cultivated a high-quality reserve team for the development of this discipline, but also transported a large number of high-level talents for other related fields. Extensive academic exchange activities were carried out, more than 20 people were sent for further study or short-term cooperative research, more than 30 internationally renowned experts and scholars gave lectures, many scholars were hired as honorary or visiting professors, long-term close cooperation was maintained with many international first-class units, and seven national academic conferences were held, which expanded the influence and popularity of this discipline at home and abroad.
Research hotspots of condensed matter physics in recent 20 years;
1. Discovery of Quasicrystal State (1984)
2. Discovery of high temperature superconductor Yb CuO 2 (1986).
3. Nanoscience (1984)
4. Giant magnetoresistance effect of lasrmno3 (1992) material.
5. Teachers of 5.HTS new textbook MgB2 (200 1 year):
At present, there are 16 teachers, 8 professors (including 2 doctoral supervisors), 5 associate professors, 4 lecturers and teaching assistants in the collective (solid state physics teaching and research department) engaged in condensed matter physics research of this specialty.
Professor Su, an academic leader, is currently the director of the Rare Earth Solid Physics Laboratory and the head of the Department of Physics of Jilin University. He is also a collaborative member of the International Center for Materials Physics of China Academy of Sciences, a consultant of the Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Jilin University of the Ministry of Education, the deputy editor-in-chief of China Journal of High-pressure Physics, a member of the National Committee of Hydrogen Generation Devices and a member of american physical society. He was the first and second member of the High Pressure Physics Committee of the Chinese Physical Society, the second vice chairman (1990- 1995), and the editorial board of international academic journals. At the invitation of Professor Li Zhengdao, he is a special member of CCAST(WorldLab). ). He has been engaged in the physics and chemistry of rare earth solids under extreme conditions of high pressure and high temperature for a long time to synthesize new compounds. Published 130 articles in English and more than 20 articles in Chinese, trained 22 doctors, 8 masters and 2 postdoctoral fellows, and instructed more than 0 visiting scholars at home and abroad.
Other staff in the teaching and research section:
Professor Lu Tianquan, Zhang, Xu Dapeng, Yao Bin, Zheng, He,
Associate Professor Ji Yuan, etc.
They have been engaged in condensed matter physics and high pressure research for many years, and each has published 30-40 academic papers.
Main research direction
1) Rare earth solid physics under extreme conditions of high temperature and high pressure.
2) High-pressure research on boron cage polyhedral compounds, nano-materials and biological substances, high-pressure synthesis and application of new materials.
3) Research on the development and application of solid rare earth oxide fuel cells and other new energy sources for power generation.
4) Study on the structural characteristics of condensed matter (nano-materials, rare earth oxides, high-temperature superconductors, magnetic materials, alloy materials, etc.). ).
5) Low-dimensional condensed matter theory (electronic state, electric transport characteristics).
6) Statistical theory of polymers.
7) High pressure physics. Professional introduction:
The Department of Magnetism of Jilin University was established in 1954, and it is one of the five earliest magnetic majors in China (Peking University, Nanjing University, Lanzhou University, Shandong University and Jilin University).
In terms of teaching, the teaching and research section of magnetism began to undertake the teaching task of magnetism specialty from 1955, and has trained hundreds of undergraduates, dozens of master students and six doctoral students for more than 40 years. Graduates spread all over the country and even all over the world, and many of them become the backbone of their units, including university presidents, members of the State Council Academic Degrees Committee, directors of research institutes, factory directors and chief engineers.
In scientific research, * * * has completed 9 projects of National Natural Science Foundation (including key fund 1) and 3 projects of Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Commission. Published more than 100 papers in famous academic journals at home and abroad included in SCI, and applied for 2 patents. * * * won the National Science and Technology Progress Award and the Provincial and Ministerial Awards 7 times. The main results are as follows:
(1) solved the source of magnetic field-induced anisotropy of Fe-Ni alloy thin films, and quantitatively calculated and fitted the relationship between induced anisotropy constant and composition, temperature and substrate temperature during evaporation.
② It is found that the crystal texture of metal Co is formed after magnetic field cooling, which is the origin of magnetic anisotropy induced by magnetic field cooling;
③ It is clarified that the magnetic anisotropy of amorphous Gd-Co films with easy magnetization axis perpendicular to the film surface comes from its microcolumn structure, preferential oxidation of Gd on the column surface and ferrimagnetic coupling between Gd and Co.
④ Anisotropic effect induced by magnetic field exists in spinning glass;
⑤ The crystal field and magnetism of various rare earth permanent magnet compounds are systematically studied. It is found that the 4f-3d exchange of some compounds has strong anisotropy, and the 4f-4f exchange can not be ignored. The valence change behavior of Pr and nd ions in RCo5 is expounded
In terms of scientific and technological development, 1990 established a pilot base for magnetic materials (affiliated to Wuhua Company), and developed and produced a number of permanent magnet functional devices and permanent magnet materials. At present, it produces permanent magnet materials for FAW-Volkswagen.
Current situation of scientific research:
At present, he is undertaking the project of National Natural Science Foundation and Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Commission, mainly engaged in the research on the magnetism and oxide giant magnetoresistance effect of rare earth permanent magnet materials and related compounds. Research status:
① Study on nanocrystalline rare earth permanent magnet materials: Nanocrystalline permanent magnet is a main research direction of permanent magnet materials at present. At present, the micromechanical research on hysteresis loop of single-phase nanocrystalline rare earth permanent magnet materials has been improved from qualitative calculation fitting (coercivity error ~ 100%) to quantitative calculation fitting (coercivity error ~ 100%). The relationship between hysteresis loop and grain size and temperature is calculated quantitatively.
② Exploration of New Rare Earth-Transition Group Intermetallic Compounds: In cooperation with the State Key Laboratory of Magnetism of Beijing Institute of Physics, a new 3:29 rare earth-cobalt compound with high saturation magnetization, high Curie temperature and strong uniaxial magnetic anisotropy was discovered.
③ Study on giant magnetoresistance effect of rare earth oxides. Magnetic phenomenon is a common phenomenon in nature, and the research on magnetic phenomenon has developed rapidly in the past. Since the 20th century, from Lorenz and Zeeman's research on the influence of magnetic field on radiation in 1902 to Cui Qi's second quantized Hall effect in 1998, at least 24 Nobel Prize winners in physics have made outstanding contributions in the field of magnetism. At present, magnetism has become an important part of physics. With the development of magnetism, magnetism and magnetic materials are indispensable and important parts in electric power, electronics, communication and information technology, space technology, computer technology, biomedicine and even household appliances.
Lanthanide elements (14) in the periodic table of elements are collectively called rare earth elements together with Sc and Y*** 17 elements with similar chemical properties. Rare earth elements are characterized by lack of electrons in 4f shell, large atomic magnetic moment and strong spin-orbit coupling. Compounds combined with other elements show rich optical, electrical and magnetic properties, which are widely used in rare earth optical materials, rare earth magnetic materials, rare earth hydrogen storage materials and rare earth catalytic materials, and are irreplaceable key elements in many high-tech materials. In addition, the physical properties (such as superconductivity and magnetoresistance effect) and magnetism (such as magnetic anisotropy and magnetic sequence) of rare earth compounds are studied. ) has always been the mainstream of the basic research of condensed matter physics. Therefore, the study of rare earth compounds has been a hot spot in condensed matter physics in recent years. China is rich in rare earth resources, accounting for about 80% of the world's proven reserves, with complete varieties and high quality. In order to give full play to the advantages of rare earth resources in China and transform them into industrial and economic advantages, the state attaches great importance to the development of rare earth resources. Developing rare earth functional materials is an important way to improve the value of rare earth resources. Rare earth magnetic materials are an important kind of rare earth functional materials, including: rare earth permanent magnet materials, oxide giant magnetoresistance materials, rare earth giant magnetostrictive materials, rare earth magnetic refrigeration materials and so on.
As an important functional magnetic material, the rare earth permanent magnet represented by NdFeB has been widely used in energy, transportation, machinery, medical care, computers, household appliances and other fields, and its output and consumption have become an important symbol to measure a country's comprehensive national strength and national economic development level. Radio physics adopts the basic theories, methods and experimental means of modern physics and electronic information science to study the basic laws of the interaction between electromagnetic fields and waves and their substances, so as to develop new electronic devices and systems, develop new theories, methods and technologies for information transmission and processing, and popularize them in electronic systems. Many modern high-tech technologies, such as computer technology, quantum electronics, optoelectronics, superconducting electronics, quantum information technology, etc., are closely related to radio physics, based on it, or belong to its research category. Nowadays, the development of high technology has promoted the transformation of electronic information science from simple materials to complex systems, from qualitative solution to quantitative solution, from linear problem to nonlinear problem, from forward research to reverse inversion, and the wide cross and application of electronic information science and technology, applied physics and other different disciplines have emerged. It has formed many interdisciplinary and high-tech application foundations. At the same time, it promotes the in-depth development of the basic theory of physics.
Electronic computers are developed on the basis of radio electronics and physics. At present, the development of electronic computers has gone through four generations, namely, electron tube computers, transistor computers, integrated circuit computers, large-scale and ultra-large-scale integrated circuit computers, etc. The upgrade of computer benefits from the development of electronic components, which is based on physics and a breakthrough in understanding the movement law of electrons in vacuum and semiconductor materials. Electronic computer is a physical system, and the calculation process is the time evolution of this physical system.
In the development of computer, miniaturization and high integration are an important goal. Now the line width on the chip has reached sub-micron or even nanometer level, and the integration level is11x11mm2. Tens of millions of components are integrated on the chip. Further reducing the size of the components on the chip, when it is close to the atomic size, the motion law of electrons can only be described by quantum mechanics theory, and the fluctuation of electrons becomes its main feature. This means that microelectronics technology will face a revolution. Will invent quantum devices, will put forward the theory of quantum computing, and will produce quantum computers. As a new type of computer, quantum computer is not only a step forward on the basis of the existing computer, but also makes the whole concept of computing look brand-new, and the idea of quantum computing is also of far-reaching significance to the foundation of physics. The research of quantum devices and quantum computers is a cross-century project, involving physics, computer science, numbers and other disciplines, and has become a hot topic in the world today.
The development of physics provides a material basis for the revolution of computing means, and the appearance of computers has completely changed the face of physical experiments and brought new physics, which is based on the three pillars of experiment, theory and calculation. Physicists facing the 2 1 century should not only enjoy the existing computer resources, but also exert their creativity and design their own special computers to solve the problems of data collection and processing in physical experiments. Only in this way can we deeply explore the nature of complex phenomena unimaginable in the past. This requires physicists to have a solid physical foundation and be proficient in electronic computers.
With the development of science and technology, the research field of radio physics is also expanding, and computer physics is one of them. This major focuses on the study of computer physics. This direction is mainly engaged in the research of magnetic measurement methods, electromagnetic signal conversion, the development of magnetic measurement instruments and meters, and the application research of magnetic measurement technology in aviation, automobile, petroleum and other fields. Research and development of automotive electronic equipment and instruments, various magnetic sensors and transducers in petroleum and automobile industries; Research on magnetic parameter detection method and instrument development: development of various magnetic parameter measuring instruments; Research on weak signal detection methods.
Every year, he applied for an average of 4 scientific research projects, with an average annual research funding of 800,000 yuan, obtained more than one patent 10, and published 20 scientific research papers in various journals. The JDM- 1 vibrating sample magnetometer successfully developed by our research group won the National Science and Technology Progress Award, and the scientific research achievements in recent years are in a leading position in this research direction in China. Some aspects of work (such as comprehensive testing system for magnetic materials, high-power electromagnet steady current power supply) have been adopted by relevant departments. Our scientific research work closely revolves around the specific practical needs of industrial and agricultural production, scientific research and teaching in China. Most scientific research projects come from relevant production units, research institutes and universities, and scientific research results have solved many specific practical problems and improved the level of production and scientific research. The performance-price ratio of some instruments and equipment is better than that of similar products abroad, which has been adopted by many domestic users and has produced good social and economic benefits. The self-developed variable strong field vibrating magnetometer has been listed in the World Bank loan bidding catalogue and won the bid. Many companies have ordered it, which can save a lot of foreign exchange for the country.
Recruit 12 graduate students and 30 undergraduate students every year, and grant the right to confer doctoral degrees in disciplines within two years. This subject studies the properties, structures, interactions and laws of motion of particles (baryons, mesons, leptons, gauge particles and quarks, etc.). ) and nuclei, and explore the deeper structure and more basic laws of motion of the material world. Fundamentally speaking, the study of particle physics and nuclear physics is the frontier of the whole physics, involving the laws from the most microscopic field to the formation and evolution of celestial bodies.
The specialty of particle physics and nuclear physics was formerly the specialty of nuclear physics in Jilin University, which was founded in 1958. From the early days of specialty establishment to the Cultural Revolution, under the leadership of Director Liu Yunzuo, β-spectrum, γ-spectrum, neutron physics, accelerator and nuclear electronics laboratory were built successively, which laid a solid foundation for professional teaching and scientific research. After years of development, the discipline has formed four relatively independent research directions: experimental research of nuclear structure, application research of nuclear technology, evaluation of nuclear data and Mossbauer spectroscopy. This discipline has an academic echelon with strong overall strength and reasonable age and knowledge structure, and has trained a group of academic leaders with certain influence in this discipline.