1 Even Hegel, who is usually regarded as an idealist, thinks that in terms of time, nature comes first and human spirit comes last. In the history of western philosophy, it is hard to say that others are idealism except Becquerel.
However, Hegel also said: "If you regard the human spirit as the inevitable result of the universe, it is obvious that at the beginning of the universe, it already had the factors to become a spirit. Then you might as well say that spirit is the real priority. "
Because you regard the human spirit as the highest existence, the human spirit can understand the world and make the world reach the most perfect state. Reached a state of self-awareness. )
Ordinary people usually put people's spirit and matter in opposition, and Hegel stood on a higher level. The human spirit is only the result of the development of the universe and should be regarded as the highest stage. The highest stage is something that fully shows the highest trend or essence of the development of the universe. If the universe did not have the factors that produced the human spirit from the beginning, how could the human spirit be produced? Hegel is right if we regard human spirit as the inevitable result of natural development. Nature must have spiritual things. The human spirit is possible.
In this sense, the spirit is primary, not that the human spirit is primary. But what constitutes the essence of human spirit must have existed before nature. Otherwise, it is impossible to produce human spirit through nature.
In a sense, the dispute between idealism and materialism is not a problem-level debate. One is about timeliness, and the other is about priority in the logical sense.
2. Is it really necessary to study the history of philosophy from beginning to end? Hume said that the history of philosophy from Plato to Locke is blank, compared with Hume's understanding of some philosophers in this period. This does not prevent him from becoming a great philosopher.
Or, if he opposes Descartes' thought, will he understand Descartes' thought from beginning to end? Academic innovation sometimes really doesn't need a solid academic foundation.
If we think that a philosopher doesn't know common sense, then we must have misunderstood his thoughts. For example, in order to maintain justice and destroy human desires. For example, the heart is rational, and there is nothing outside the heart. For example, I think therefore I am, and existence is reasonable.
4. Once the philosophical language is popularized, it may deviate from the original content.
Learning philosophy is very helpful for innovation, and learning philosophy can just avoid the inevitable way of thinking.
6. Hegel: Everyone is a child of his time. The same is true of philosophy, which grasps its era in thought (the reconstruction of thought, and time becomes the object of concept and rational understanding). It is as foolish to think that a philosophy can transcend its era as it is to think that a man can jump out of his era.
7. The problem of the times is not how you felt at that time, but how you retell it when you recall it.
8. Han Han's sensitivity to problems, intuitive ability to problems, and thinking and discussing from common sense are all very good. His courage and acumen made me (Chen Jiaqi) feel better than sighing. He not only teased, but also wrote very serious and emotional articles. When serious issues are not allowed to be discussed seriously, ridicule will appear.
9. The original works of China's philosophy are scattered in metaphysics. The west is the main body of this system.
10, natural science and metaphysics are not contradictory. Descartes was a scientist and established the first metaphysical system in modern times.