I was born in May, 19 1 1, Lion Mountain, a suburb of Chongqing, Sichuan. At that time, my grandfather Lin Fuxi was the director of Chongqing telegraph bureau. Moved to Fuzhou the following year. 19 14 moved to Beijing with his father ruoqing. When I was a child, my father and uncle taught four books, the Book of Songs and Zuo Zhuan. My grandfather supervises me to write 40 words in lowercase letters every day. It was fun when I was a child, and I didn't write my words in small letters for a few days. I didn't deserve it when my grandfather checked. /kloc-studied in Beijing Academy in 0/924 and graduated from high school in 0/928. At that time, yenching university moved to the new campus, and the campus environment was elegant. Huiwen graduates can enter Yan University without examination, so I entered Yan University with most of my classmates, majoring in physics. After studying for a year, my father was not sure about finding a job after Yanjing graduated. The Ministry of Railways appointed me to transfer to Tangshan College of Jiaotong University. 1929 transferred to Tangshan College of Jiaotong University to study civil engineering. Not only did my father lose his job due to illness, but my brother Jiu Ming also paid for my tuition. We also deeply thank my uncles and cousin Guo for helping us finish our studies. On May, 1930, I called my uncle Shu Min in Tangshan and said that my father was ill, hoping to come to Beijing as soon as possible. When my father died, I arrived at once. At that time, my brother worked in Jingfeng Railway Bureau and lived in Tianjin. My mother, sister and I all live in my brother's place. When I went back to Tianjin in winter and summer vacation, my sister-in-law Chen Heqiong was very kind to her. Every time I go back to school, my sister-in-law will prepare salty pig's feet, pig's liver and the like and ask me to take them back to school to eat.

At the beginning of 1933, Japan's invasion of China accelerated. Tangshan is close to the front line, so all the teachers and students moved to Shanghai and used it in the classrooms and dormitories of Shanghai Jiaotong University. There is a building in the school (called the upper house), which was originally planned to be destroyed and rebuilt. Because of its obsolescence, we arranged for a group of escaped students to live in the house above. The doors, windows and floors there are extremely dilapidated, mosquitoes are buzzing in the room, bugs are crawling under the pillows, and mice are running around on the ground. We are threatened by "land, sea and air". For the first few nights, we didn't sleep well, but after a week or two, we got used to it and it was not difficult. I often sit in my account and read books outside my account. Every time I turn a page, I reach out and turn my account outside. After the turn, I took my hand back to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes. It was in this difficult environment that I completed my graduation exam.

The first graduates of Jiaotong University were sent to the United States by the Ministry of Railways for further study. I work hard for this opportunity. During my four years in Tangshan College, my grades in each semester were the highest. I didn't want to wait until I graduated, so I didn't get the money from the Ministry of Railways. 1933 at the beginning, Zhu Wuhua, a professor of electrical department, told Tsinghua that he would recruit public students to study in the United States this year and let me prepare for the exam. Generally, college graduates need two years of work experience to apply for the exam, but the top four do not. Because I am in the top four, I will be sent to Nanjing by Tangshan College for reference.

There are 20 places for public students in Tsinghua, and there are many subjects, each with only one or two subjects. I estimate that the chances of getting into the exam are slim, so I'm going to take the exam again in three years. Lose the election in the first year and take the exam in the second year; Fail the exam again in the second year and again in the third year. I returned to Tianjin after taking the exam in Nanjing. Soon, I received a letter from Wang Zhichao, a classmate from Tangshan, inviting me to teach in Shandong Water Conservancy Training Class. The salary is four times higher than that of the Railway Bureau of the Ministry of Railways. At this moment, I read the newspaper and learned that I had been admitted to Tsinghua to design and manufacture aesthetic aircraft racks. I am very excited to get this opportunity to save the country by air. Tsinghua stipulates that before going abroad, you need to practice in a domestic aircraft factory to understand the domestic technical level, so that you can know the domestic demand when studying abroad. The designers and manufacturers of this aircraft engine are Gu Guangfu and Liu Shizan who graduated from Jiaotong University in the same year. Tsinghua hired Qian Changzuo, Wang Chengfu and Wang Zhu, predecessors of aviation engineering, as our three mentors. All three of us were sent to the factory affiliated to Hangzhou Jianqiao Aviation School as apprentices, and the director Wang Chengfu gave me more guidance. Gu and Liu are mechanical graduates who are familiar with the principle and structure of engines. I graduated from the Department of Civil Engineering, and I feel ashamed that I know very little about aero-engines. After five months' probation, I learned a lot from Gu and Liu. After I left to build the bridge, I went to Nanjing Aircraft Repair Factory and Shanghai Naval Aircraft Factory for a few weeks, ready to go abroad.

At that time, my tutor Qian Changzuo thought I should go to MIT for further study. 1934 In May, I went to America on the ship President McKinley and landed in Seattle. At that time, my cousin Tongji taught at the University of California, Berkeley, so I took the train to San Francisco to meet Tongji, and then stopped by Chicago to visit the World Expo. The items on display are very novel to me, and I am like "Grandma Liu enters the Grand View Garden", which is an eye-opener. Once I was walking on the road and heard two people talking in a car. When I looked into the car, there was no one there. I didn't know it was the car radio until I asked. After watching the exhibition, I registered for MIT courses, thus starting my two-year study and life at MIT.

My wish and task is to undertake the responsibility of aircraft design and manufacture after returning to China. Most public school students in Tsinghua spend three years, enough for doctoral studies, two years studying design and manufacturing courses, and another year practicing in various aircraft factories in the United States, so as to combine theory with practical knowledge. So besides taking the main courses of aviation engineering, I also take many practical manufacturing courses, such as mechanics, casting, light metal heat treatment and so on. Later, I found that these courses were very helpful to my work in China. 1935 during the summer vacation, Professor Timoshenko, the mechanical authority of the University of Michigan, held a seminar on engineering mechanics. He taught engineering vibration himself, and Sonthwell, an authoritative British professor, taught elasticity. The teaching staff is quite strong. More than 80 people attended the seminar, and I was one of them. After completing the course, Professor Southwell thought that Huang Wenxi and I (who was my public student in Tsinghua) got the best grades. That summer vacation, I finished four courses in Michigan. I didn't expect these four courses to be useful for my future doctoral studies. 1936 I finished my master's degree at MIT, and after leaving school, I worked as an intern in various aircraft companies in the United States, collecting design data and getting familiar with production processes and material specifications. I don't take the company's salary, because the public expenses in Tsinghua are enough for me to live, so I can transfer to other departments after my internship in one department reaches my goal, which saves time. Later, I found that the experience I got here and the materials I collected were very important for my work in China.

65438-0937 Returned to China to do research and teaching in Tsinghua Aeronautical Engineering Department and Aeronautical Research Institute. Due to the Japanese invasion and the crisis in North China, Tsinghua Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and I moved to Nanchang and then went to Chengdu. At first, the only aircraft factory in China was in Nanchang, which was very large. Many people, including interested engineers, were responsible for various leadership work. With the alliance between Germany, Italy and Japan, all Italian engineers withdrew. Nanchang is very close to the front line, so the factory decided to move to a huge cave in the jungle ditch of Nanchuan, Sichuan, with a hollow sea. A three-story building was built in the cave, and all the materials and machines were transported by water from Nanchang. However, the transportation time is too long, which leads to the rust of many materials, and it must be tested and appraised before it can be used, and there is no guidance for mechanical equipment. At that time, the factory lent me a job from Tsinghua. I screened the data collected from my internship in the United States and distributed them to various departments for application. The materials were identified according to the specifications, and I worked with the factory director Ji to guide the workers' work and make the factory resume work smoothly. After the factory resumed work, it was renamed the Second Aircraft Factory, with Zhu Lin as the director.

Aircraft were badly needed during the Anti-Japanese War. My colleagues and I copied 20 Soviet-style E- 16 expellers and 30 training machines with materials and parts shipped from Nanchang, which was a small contribution to the Anti-Japanese War.

1939, I married Jiang, an alumnus of Tangshan College of Jiaotong University. After marriage, I went from Chongqing to Kunming and returned to Tsinghua to study and teach. The Japanese invasion of China was urgent, so I changed back to the aircraft factory and continued to copy the E- 16 aircraft to help the war of resistance. At that time, Qian Chang was just the factory director, and the employees were high-spirited, hard-working, overtime, no overtime pay and no complaints. I am honored to work with the staff of this class. Long-term power generation depends on diesel engines. When the supply of diesel engines is cut off, vegetable oil is used instead. The price of vegetable oil has increased fivefold in a few days. There are about 10 trucks heading for Nanchuan and Chongqing. At that time, the supply of gasoline was also very difficult, and there was a saying that "a drop of gasoline and a drop of blood", so alcohol was used instead. On the way to Chongqing, trucks often stop at hotels to refuel, and the problem of energy shortage is very serious. When I first arrived at the factory, I was a designer and soon became the director of public services. Gu Guangfu soon came to the factory and became the director of the control class. He has rich experience in engines and mechanics, and he has made the greatest contribution. Qian Changzuo was soon transferred to Dieyun Aviation Industry Aircraft Factory to take charge of the work, and the director was replaced by Li Guopei.

At that time, due to years of anti-Japanese war, aircraft metal materials were scarce, but there were many engineers who graduated from aviation engineering and had excellent technical knowledge. In order to save metal materials and cultivate Chinese aircraft design talents, we decided to design and build wooden aircraft by ourselves. The fuselage and wings are all made of wood. Li Guopei, the factory director, encouraged this action which was helpful to the war of resistance. In order to facilitate the command work, a new machine test building room was set up, which was directly under the Ministry of Public Affairs and designed and manufactured by the Ministry of Public Affairs. I am the director of the trial building room, and Gu Guangfu and Gao Bang Jun are the deputy directors. Design and manufacturing inspection engineers are: Cheng Baodi, Jing Guangsheng, Lu, Yu Naixi, Du, Zhang, Wang Yuanxin, Wang Xiuchen, Lin Tongji, Hu Changshou, Gao Zuoyi, Peng Chengyi, Cai Weiyu and Xu Yunpei. The technicians who made great contributions are: Yu Peijin, Gu Jiaxian, etc. The technical level seems to be no less than that of European and American aircraft companies. It was originally planned to change the design of the aircraft to a light bomber to participate in the anti-Japanese war after the first test flight was successful. However, when the test flight was completed at 1944, the anti-Japanese war was in sight, so this design change was not made.

The engine and propeller of the new plane are American spare parts. This kind of plane is single-winged, with two engines on both sides of the middle wing. The landing gear is installed under the middle wing and can be retracted into the nacelle of the engine. At that time, there was no wind tunnel test condition in China, and all aerodynamic data were taken from books and magazines brought back from the United States, and then identified and applied. The main structure has been tested statically. After more than two years,1August, 944, the design and trial production were completed, and it was transported to Chongqing Yi Baishi Airport for test flight. I was suffering from malaria when the plane left the factory. Gu Guangfu led the flight test personnel to Yi Baishi Airport. Li Xing Tang Zeng, a test pilot, witnessed the design and trial production process in the factory, and he mastered the information about the testing machine. He immediately controlled the plane to taxi at the airport, but the plane did not take off at the end of the runway. He found that the nose of the plane was too heavy, so he stopped the plane at the end of the runway for inspection. Soon, Gu Guangfu was transferred to the UK to contact the engine contract, so he could not continue to lead the flight test in Yi Baishi. At that time, my malaria had not been cured, and the factory lacked antimalarial drugs. I only have vaccine needles. Because of the urgent need to preside over the test flight, I immediately injected two needles and two preventive needles and set off for Yi Baishi Aircraft Factory. After inspection, it was found that the aileron of the elevator was too low, so it was adjusted, the nose was no longer overweight, and the plane took off smoothly. Li Xingtang, Inspector Lin Tongji and I took off for the first time. I advised Li Xingtang that if something happened to the new plane, you Li family would only lose one person, while I Lin family would lose two people. Hearing this, he drove more carefully. When the employees of the nearby aircraft repair shop saw the plane taking off, they all said, "The plane of the second factory flies really fast." We were very happy to learn that, and we cooked two good dishes to celebrate that night.

About 20 people escorted the new machine and participated in the test flight. It was raining in Chongqing at that time, so the test flight could only be carried out on sunny days, so the time spent in Chongqing was longer. The factory stipulates that there is little difference for more than three days. Chongqing has a high cost of living, which is not enough. The accounting office said it could lend money to employees, but I was personally responsible. If I can't reimburse them soon and the employees can't return, I will reimburse them. At that time, the salary of the staff was meager, and my salary for several years was not enough to pay back the money. But my test flight is very important to the development of aviation technology in China, and I immediately agreed to sign it. Fortunately, the test flight was successful in the future, and the money was reimbursed with the approval of the accountant's general election.

The first time I flew over the sky, the landing gear was not put away. After landing, considering that the landing gear may have too much air resistance or it is difficult to put it down, it is decided to improve the landing gear control system. It coincided with the rainy season in Chongqing, which lasted for 20 days. During this period, the control system was improved and the plane was launched again. The landing gear took off and landed several times, and everything was successful. Factory director Ma Deshu praised the flight test personnel and trusted the new machine very much. On August 1944, Li Xingtang, Gao Gao and two assemblers, together with me, made the maiden voyage of the new aircraft from Chongqing to Chengdu. This is the first transport plane successfully designed and manufactured by China. After arriving in Chengdu, Xie Chengdong, director of Chengdu Aircraft Repair Factory, flew one by one according to the flight test specifications, and the results were satisfactory. The plane was named "C 10 10 transport plane". Its main performance is as follows:

Total weight: 10000 lbs; 6940 pounds net weight

Personnel load: 2 drivers; Eight passengers

Sea level expressway per hour 176 miles.

The descent speed is 75 miles per hour.

Flight altitude: 15000 feet.

Voyage: 1000 mile, airworthiness time is 5(3/4) hours.

Fuel quantity: 180 gallon

When I was in Rongshi, Wang Zhu, a senior aviation engineer (vice president of Aviation Research Institute), praised and encouraged us. The trial-makers and employees of the whole factory felt very honored to complete this work for the motherland.

When the Anti-Japanese War was about to win, in order to develop China's aviation industry, the Industrial Bureau was established, with Zhu Lin as the director. I was sent to lead an aircraft design team of about 20 people and study jet design in Cocteana Company of the United States. Due to the high price demanded by the company, we transferred to Gloucester Company in England on 1947 to design the first jet in China. This group of engineers had excellent knowledge and the design could be carried out smoothly, but the design was stopped at 1949 due to lack of funds. Most of these people have returned to China, and many of them are famous professors or major engineers, such as Cheng Baodi, Gao Yongshou and Chen from Nanjing Institute of Aeronautics, and Zhang from Beijing Institute of Aeronautics.

From 65438 to 0949, I transferred from England to America. I was hired as an associate professor by Mersey University in Detroit, USA, and my salary was very low. I accepted this appointment for the sake of a family of five. After I arrived at the school, the school told me that if I had a doctorate, I could be promoted to a full professor as soon as possible and my salary could be raised. So I decided to study for a doctorate while working. 1935 during the summer vacation, I studied four courses in the Department of Engineering Mechanics of the University of Michigan, so I went to see Professor Eriksson, the head of the department. He still remembers me and gave me a lot of encouragement. 195 1 I returned to the university of Michigan and immediately took the basic doctoral exam in the department of engineering mechanics. Soon, I was lucky enough to receive a phone call from Professor Eriksson, telling me that I did well in the exam. According to the regulations of the secret school, a doctor's degree must complete several courses in the school. My classes at Detroit Mercy University are very heavy, so I can only spare half a day a week to go to a secret school. I told Professor Eriksson about this situation. He was very sympathetic to me and applied to the dean of the secret school for my special permission to take three research courses, each of which was supervised by the professor. As long as I go to the secret school once a week and report the research progress to three professors, I can successfully complete the required credits. My doctoral thesis is about the design and test of an accelerometer, and my tutor is Professor Ormondroyd. 1953 I was 42 years old when I finished my PhD, and I felt like a old boys! I was promoted to full professor.

I went to see Professor Southwell when I was in England, and he was very enthusiastic about me. Before I left England, he wrote to Professor Li Shang of UCLA and recommended me to him. From 65438 to 0954, I was hired as a professor of engineering by the University of Los Angeles, and also worked as a consultant for aircraft companies and helicopter companies. From 195 1, I became interested in the plasticity theory of complex crystals and founded the "stress-strain relationship theory of complex crystals". This theory is suitable for all kinds of physical and mechanical conditions, and it is consistent with the experimental results. Recently, it has been unanimously affirmed and praised by plastic mechanics scholars in the Soviet Union, Japan, Czech Republic and other countries. From 65438 to 0968, I found that my method of studying plastic mechanics can also be applied to the study of metal fatigue crack initiation, which is a very old problem in metallurgical mechanics and has been studied by many famous scholars (such as Professor Mauter who won the Nobel Prize). I have used micromechanics to explain many phenomena of crack germination under microscope. This research has been funded by scientific research institutions of the federal government of the United States and is continuing to be studied.

From 65438 to 0977, I was promoted to the University of California, distinguished professor. My retirement age is 1978. So far, the school has renewed a part-time professor. I have two doctoral students, one from Beijing Mechanical Engineering Department and the other from HKUST. It is smarter than others, and teaching it is a pleasure. I am the author of the book Inelastic Structure Theory published by Wileg Company, and have published 100 many papers on structural analysis, plastic mechanics and fatigue mechanics. I am still very interested in these studies.

My wife, Jiang, is hardworking, kind and well managed. I can work with peace of mind for many years, and many people rely on her. 1978, she had a sudden cerebral hemorrhage, left hemiplegia, and now she can only walk at home with crutches. I have three children. One is Bo Ying, a woman who graduated from the management department of St. Mary's University. Her husband Qiu is a doctor at the University of Wisconsin-department of mechanical engineering, and now she is a professor at department of mechanical engineering of Detroit Mercy University. Their eldest son Qiu Zongkai is now studying electrical engineering at MIT, and their second son Qiu Zongxuan is in high school. My eldest son, Zhong Bo, received his bachelor's degree in physics from California Institute of Technology at 1962 and his doctor's degree in physics from the University of California, Berkeley at 1967. Now he studies space physics in this school and has given several lectures at the invitation of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. Now he represents the United States in European space research and has made great contributions to the measurement of space electronics. The second son, Bo Jian, graduated from the Department of Mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley in190/981and received his Ph.D. degree in mathematics from Princeton University in/. Since 198 1, he has been a full professor in the Department of Mathematics at the University of California, San Diego. His main interest is algebraic topology.

I jog for 2 kilometers every day, which seems to be of great help to the health of the elderly. I am still busy with academic research and guiding graduate students. Part-time teaching and consulting in the company. I always feel that time is not enough.

The above is my biography. Maybe there are some places for readers to refer to. My Chinese has been broken for a long time. There must be a lot of inappropriate words. I beg the reader's forgiveness.