Keywords: college students; National entrepreneurship policy; Entrepreneurial team; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Classification number of China Library: F7 19 Document ID: Document number A:1008-021X (2015) 24-0141-04.
The employment of college students is a recognized problem in today's society. Especially after 2009, the employment gap of college students is getting bigger and bigger. It is not realistic to solve the employment problem of college students only by the relationship between supply and demand in the labor market, so it is imperative to open up an effective, innovative new road suitable for the development of contemporary youth's own potential. College students' self-employment is a policy actively pursued by universities and local government agencies at present, with good results and suitable for the development intention of contemporary youth [1]. In fact, as early as five years ago, the Ministry of Education has issued a policy on encouraging college students to start businesses. Including allowing college students and graduate students to drop out of school and start businesses. In 2009, the General Office of the State Council issued a notice that college graduates can enjoy four preferential policies when starting a business [2]. In 20 13, Guizhou province also launched a training program for college students' innovation and entrepreneurship, which was jointly funded by the provincial education department and universities, with the aim of encouraging college students to learn entrepreneurial knowledge. It can be seen that the focus of the state has shifted from employment to entrepreneurship. In the future, universities and local preferential policies to encourage college students to start businesses will also blossom everywhere [4]. Faced with this situation, since 20 13, our school has also shifted its teaching focus to the direction of entrepreneurship. At present, our school has successfully declared the national science and technology park, and more than 80 entrepreneurial teams have moved in. Facing the "heat wave" of entrepreneurship, the level of college students' entrepreneurship and their grasp of the market situation and national policies will directly lead to their success rate and level of entrepreneurship. Therefore, our research team began a general survey of about 3,800 college students in the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Guizhou University from March 1965 to April 2005.
1 research methods of the project
This topic mainly distributes questionnaires to students in the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Guizhou University by designing questionnaires, focusing on visiting students with clear entrepreneurial intentions. Interview students who have succeeded in starting a business and seek their successful experience. Summarize all the questionnaires and interview records, sort out the summary results, draw charts, use analysis software to make regression analysis on the survey data, and find out the main problems faced by college students in starting a business and the places in urgent need of help. In the process of analysis, the problems are clarified through strict significance test, and the corresponding countermeasures are put forward.
2 Analysis of the current situation of college students' entrepreneurship
2. 1 analysis method
Through the investigation of college students in the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Guizhou University, this survey is conducted in the form of a questionnaire, which contains 6 multiple-choice questions, 2 multiple-choice questions and a short answer question. * * * 3,800 questionnaires were distributed and 3,350 questionnaires were recovered, with a recovery rate of 88.8%. There are 3 150 valid questionnaires, among which 4 1% are students with entrepreneurial intention. The project team used statistical software to analyze the multiple-choice data in the questionnaire. After analyzing the data, we focus on the students who are interested in starting a business, put forward the problems of students who want to start a business, and get some solutions.
2.2 Questionnaire data analysis
(1) The ratio of male to female students in all majors of the Institute of Chemical Technology has always been a science and engineering college with more men and fewer women. This survey mainly involves four majors and four grades. See table 1: Proportion of students in each grade: Grade 1: Grade 2: Grade 3: Grade 4:1.2:1.1.1. And influenced by the traditional concept and the previous generation's desire to engage in such jobs as drought and flood protection, some students still want to find a stable job [5], and at the same time, some students want to keep up with the pace of the times and open up new ways to make money. So, first of all, we conducted a graded survey on whether the students in our college have entrepreneurial intentions. The survey results are shown in figure 1. Among them, 22% of freshmen and 25% of sophomores have business plans, while 43% of juniors and 56% of seniors have business plans. For students who are starting a business, freshmen and sophomores account for 6% and 12% respectively, and juniors and seniors account for 16% and 28% respectively. It can be seen that senior students are more inclined to start a business in both thought and action. In today's fierce competition, graduating college students are more aware of the urgency of the employment situation, which also indicates that entrepreneurship will become another big choice for college students to enter the society. (3) Reasons for choosing to start a business (multiple choices) As shown in Figure 2, when asked why they choose to start a business, the proportion of freshmen and sophomores who choose to "realize their personal value" is about 72%, which is also the reason why most entrepreneurs in China start a business after the reform and opening up, not because they earn more money. More than 77% of junior and senior students choose "freedom is not controlled by others" and "unwilling to work for others", and about 86% choose "employment difficulty", which also shows that with the growth of age, students' cognition of social status is more realistic. Although they have not yet entered the society, senior students know more about the employment situation than junior students. (4) The choice of entrepreneurial field is shown in Figure 3. When asked which field to choose to start a business, the survey results show that only 2.3% of those who are willing to start a business want to open a factory in the chemical industry; In addition, 79.3% people choose to do business, including catering, agency services and other business methods; 5.7% choose to do consulting services; While 12.7% chose others, and some of them still have no clear entrepreneurial direction. (5) Choice of Entrepreneurship Mode When asked what kind of "entrepreneurship mode" respondents adopt, the results are as shown in Figure 4 below: The proportion of "starting a business with friends" is relatively large, reaching 65.8%; Secondly, "being with classmates" accounts for about19.7%; And "going it alone" accounted for 8.3%; About 6.2% students consider "being with their parents or relatives". It shows that most students will consider cooperating with friends, have the same topic, similar hobbies and ideas, and trust each other more. This is also a good choice for college students who want to start a business together. (6) As shown in Figure 5, when asked about the biggest difficulty for college students to start a business, 46.2% of them think that "lack of funds" is the biggest difficulty for starting a business, followed by "I don't know how to do it" and "I don't know a good partner", accounting for 18.7% and 20.2% of the respondents respectively, and choose "None". (7) Do you know the policies of relevant countries to support entrepreneurship? As shown in Figure 6, 18% of freshmen and sophomores know the relevant policies, 30% of juniors know them, and 52% of seniors know them. This shows that freshmen and sophomores have little employment pressure after graduation and pay less attention to entrepreneurship policy, while juniors and seniors pay more attention to this aspect because they are about to graduate.
3 Problems found after questionnaire analysis
In the face of the above survey results, we found several obvious problems: (1) Our college belongs to a college with more boys than girls, and most students have the idea of starting a business, and most of these students are boys, which shows that boys are more willing to travel than girls, while girls prefer a relatively stable life. Among those who are willing or have started a business, there are more senior students, which shows that junior students are not employed yet. (2) Judging from the achievements of college students, most junior students want to start a business because they want to realize their personal value, while senior students think more because they know more about the employment pressure. Most people who want to start a business find it difficult to find a job, and many people feel that they can work freely and uncontrollably, which is also in line with the characteristics of contemporary college students who are relatively free-minded and unwilling to be bound. (3) Judging from the entrepreneurial direction chosen by students in our college, few students want to engage in this major, but most of them want to engage in business. Investigate its reason, mainly consider two problems. The first is the cost. This major costs a lot to set up a factory and takes a long time to recover the cost, which is really difficult for students in our ordinary families, but it pays off quickly with less investment in the service industry. Another reason why I don't want to engage in this major is that my professional level is not high enough. Although I have been studying in the university for four years, my mastery of professional fields is far from enough. In contrast, the field of business is simpler, and business has caused fewer students who want to engage in this major. (4) Most students want to start a business with friends, which shows that college students prefer like-minded and trusting people in business partners, which also shows that college students are a group of passionate young people. But now the enthusiasm for college students' entrepreneurship is not enough. College entrepreneurs feel that the shortage of funds is the biggest problem in the process of starting a business [6]. For this country, many policies have been introduced to support college students' entrepreneurship. According to the survey, students who understand this part of the policy account for a minority in the lower grades and half in the upper grades. In view of this, colleges and universities should carry out universal education on students' entrepreneurship policies, so as to reach a well-known level and create favorable conditions for students' entrepreneurship.
4. Some suggestions on promoting college students' entrepreneurship in our college
(1) For junior students, there are fewer students who have entrepreneurial ideas, while senior students have many entrepreneurial ideas, but they are very confused about entrepreneurship. Our project team suggested that the college start offering courses related to entrepreneurship popularization and counseling from the lower grades, so that students can realize the current employment situation in China, cultivate their interest in entrepreneurship, and popularize the support policies of some countries for entrepreneurship [7]. Let students with entrepreneurial ideas start business planning as soon as possible; (2) For some students who want to engage in this major but are worried about the lack of professional knowledge. Our project team suggested setting up a series of courses to expand our knowledge, such as self-selected chemical experiment courses to improve the innovation and application of chemical knowledge and market practice courses to enhance our understanding of the market. Only by improving our college students' enthusiasm for what they have learned can we really apply what we have learned; Only by closely connecting college students' learning experience with their social experience can college students start their own businesses with a clear aim and not be headless flies; (3) With regard to the choice of business partners, our project team takes into account that there are many only children among college students, and their personalities are too distinct and they don't get along well with their classmates. We suggest that the college can carry out some scientific research projects or entrepreneurial competitions with team nature, enhance the spirit of mutual assistance, unity and cooperation among students, and lay a good foundation for future entrepreneurial teams; (4) For the problem that college students with entrepreneurial ideas are confused about the direction and what to do, it is suggested that our college should invite experienced students or successful entrepreneurs as lecturers or project consultants in addition to offering courses. Ensure that college students in our college start their own businesses; (5) Our college should make use of the service platforms set up by a series of schools such as Science Park of our college for entrepreneurial students, which will not only enable our students to have enough entrepreneurial thinking and enthusiasm, but also enable our students to communicate with students from other departments, making the entrepreneurial projects more comprehensive and more competitive in the market.
5 outlook
Since Tsinghua University 1997 "Business Plan Competition", the entrepreneurial consciousness of Chinese universities has become stronger and stronger. 1The Action Plan for Revitalizing Education Facing the 2 1 Century released in June, 1999 puts forward "strengthening the entrepreneurship education of teachers and students and encouraging them to start high-tech enterprises independently" [8]. In the following 15 years, major universities have been groping for progress. At present, it has formed a way of setting up entrepreneurship education courses in the hospital, building college students' entrepreneurship science and technology parks in the school, and launching innovative course competitions between schools. It has made college students' entrepreneurship education generally achieve great results and accumulated some experience. Although the current entrepreneurship education model is still in the initial and pilot stage and has not formed a complete system structure, I believe that in the near future, a complete and sound entrepreneurial innovation system for college students will definitely be the road for countless college students to successfully start their own businesses!
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