Due to the opposition of some well-known scholars at that time, the reform plan of colleges and universities was once postponed. Mao Zedong personally instructed: "On this issue, it is wrong to delay time and not want to change."
Qian Junrui, the then vice minister of education and leader of the party group, said: "The reactionary ideas of the bourgeoisie in Europe and America are still strongly preserved among college teachers ... They scoff at the advanced science and technology of the Soviet Union ... This is an extremely dangerous ideological enemy."
1952, the large-scale merger and adjustment of colleges and universities across the country began in full swing. In this adjustment of university departments, the former National Central University, once known as the "Alma Mater of the Republic of China", was the first to be dismembered.
The predecessor of National Central University was Sanjiang Normal School founded by Zhang Zhidong in 1902. After Liangjiang Normal University, Nanjing Normal University, National Southeast University, Fourth Sun Yat-sen University and Jiangsu University, it was renamed several times in different historical periods, and was officially renamed as National Central University on 1928, becoming the highest institution in the Republic of China.
At that time, the national central university was large in scale and had many departments, and its comprehensive ranking surpassed the powerful Imperial University of Tokyo in Japan, ranking first in Asia. During the adjustment of 1952 colleges and universities, Central University split as many as 19 colleges and universities. These split universities and research institutions are: Nanjing University; Southeast University; Hohai University; Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Forestry University; Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology. Institute of Psychology; China Academy of Sciences; Shanghai University of Finance and Economics; Beijing Film Academy; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Fourth Military Medical University; Jiangnan University; Jiangsu University; East China University of Political Science and Law; Fudan University School of Medicine; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Central Conservatory of Music. Eight of them stayed in Nanjing, 1 1 emigrated!
The shining names in these students' hearts silently record the glory of their former alma mater, National Central University. After this adjustment of university departments, National Central University has entered history. These universities split from the National Central University have become the pillars of building a new China.
In addition to the National Central University, another famous university that entered history after the adjustment of 1952 was the "yenching university" in Beijing at that time.
19 19, Chinese American missionary Si Tuleideng merged Beijing Huiwen University, Tongzhou North China United University and Beijing North China Women's United University to form a new comprehensive university. Originally, the name of this university was Peking University, but because of Beijing at that time, there was already a national Peking University evolved from Shi Jing University Hall in the late Qing Dynasty. At the suggestion of Dr. Cheng Jingyi, the official name of this missionary university was changed to yenching university.
When yenching university was founded, the classroom was simple, the campus was small, and there were only 90 students. President Si Tuleideng racked his brains to raise funds. After the founding of yenching university, Si Tuleideng began to visit the United States frequently. The purpose of his return to China was to raise money from the business community. Si Tuleideng is eloquent, just at that time, the United States was in a period of rapid development, and every time Si Tuleideng returned to China, he got something, of which Si Tuleideng raised $654.38+$5,000 once.
With the increasing funds for running colleges and universities and the increasing number of students, the existing yenching university campus can no longer meet the daily needs of running schools, so Si Tuleideng began to plan a new campus. After investigation, Si Tuleideng took a fancy to a garden in the western suburbs of Beijing. This garden named "Book Spring Garden" originally belonged to the royal family of the Qing Dynasty, and was later transferred to Shaanxi Governor Chen. Si Tuleideng made a special trip to Shaanxi. After some discussions, he not only got the ownership of this 40-hectare garden at a very low price, but also got 20,000 silver dollars donated by Governor Chen as a scholarship for outstanding students in yenching university.
This garden, finally in the hands of Si Tuleideng, has become the most beautiful campus. People who have been to this campus with China classical architectural style affectionately call it "Yanyuan". Yenching university became an institution of higher learning with the highest quality and the most beautiful environment in China at that time.
With a first-class campus, Si Tuleideng began to hire celebrities and scholars as professors in yenching university. The salary and teaching autonomy he gave these experts and scholars far exceeded that of Peking University and Tsinghua, both of which were in Beijing. Soon, yenching university gathered a number of well-known scholars and celebrities at home and abroad, including Chen, Gu Jiegang, Fei Xiaotong, Feng Youlan, Wu Mi, Zhou Zuoren, Zheng Zhenduo, Qian Mu, Zhang, Yu Pingbo, Bing Xin, Wang and Wu Wenzao.
Yenching university has gradually become a comprehensive university of the Republic of China, which enjoys equal fame with Peking University and Tsinghua. Many advanced educational methods adopted by yenching university were deliberately imitated by Peking University and Tsinghua University. In the spring of 1928, yenching university ushered in a bright moment. Harvard Yanjing Society was established with Harvard University and * * *, two universities in China and the United States, and mutual recognition of graduate students was implemented. Therefore, yenching university ranks among the first-class universities in the world.
Because of the ecclesiastical nature of yenching university, yenching university was completely divided in the adjustment of national colleges and universities from 65438 to 0952. Yenching university keeps abreast of arts and sciences, with engineering merged into Tsinghua, economics merged into today's Central University of Finance and Economics, law school merged into today's China University of Political Science and Law, and ethnology, sociology, Chinese and history merged into today's Central University for Nationalities. Yanyuan, the former site of yenching university, became the former site of Peking University. Since then, yenching university has become a historical term.
Tsinghua University, who used to be a preparatory school for studying in the United States in the Qing Dynasty, also underwent major surgery in this nationwide adjustment of colleges and universities. Tsinghua University Agricultural College, College of Literature, College of Science, Law School and Aviation College moved out and merged into Beijing Agricultural University, Peking University, Renmin University of China, Beijing Geological College, China Academy of Sciences, Beijing Institute of Political Science and Law, Central University of Finance and Economics, Central University for Nationalities and Beijing Aviation College according to the attributes of the institutions that moved out.
After this adjustment, Tsinghua University has changed from a comprehensive university to a multidisciplinary engineering university. Even though Tsinghua has become a pure engineering university, some departments have merged into Beijing Institute of Mining and Beijing Institute of Iron and Steel. Fortunately, Tsinghua obtained the engineering removed by yenching university, and its engineering strength was strengthened.
Sun Yat-sen University and other universities related to people of the Republic of China were also split into five universities. The biggest demolition is Nanchang University, which was named "National Chung Cheng University" during the Republic of China. ......
In addition to the schools related to figures and churches in the Republic of China being split, many institutions of higher learning such as Shanxi University, Henan University, Guangxi University and Soochow University have also been dismantled or closed. The universities we see today have basically nothing to do with the original schools.
In the great adjustment of colleges and universities in China from 65438 to 0952, each school has bright stars and unlimited scenery. This is Fudan.
Fudan was originally a private small-scale liberal arts school, which was founded after Yu Youren and Shao Lizi left Aurora University. The word "Fudan" is taken from The Biography of Shang Shu Yu Xia. Sun, Moon, Guanghua, Dan Fudan Xi "means to pursue light and revitalize China, and it also means not to forget Aurora University."
Before the founding of New China, Fudan had a hard time and was unknown in many universities. The great adjustment of colleges and universities after the founding of the People's Republic of China has brought wireless opportunities to Fudan. Fudan absorbed and merged some or most departments of Zhejiang University, Aurora University, Jinling University, St. John's University, Hujiang Jiaotong University, Nanjing University, Anhui University, Datong University, Guanghua University, Daxia University, Shanghai College, China Business School, China Journalism College and other universities in this adjustment, becoming the first echelon of new China universities, and even becoming the super-class in Tsinghua Peking University.
Fudan University, originally represented by Dan, was once known as "Paris University of the East" and was one of the most famous universities in modern China. Because it belongs to a missionary school like yenching university, it was cancelled and closed in the major adjustment of colleges and universities in 1952. The departments of Aurora University were merged into Fudan University, Shanghai First Medical College, East China Normal University, Jiaotong University, Tongji University, East China Institute of Chemical Technology, East China University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing University, Nanjing Normal College and Shanghai Second Medical College. Two secondary schools affiliated to Aurora and Aurora Women's College of Arts and Sciences merged and reorganized into Shanghai Xiangming Middle School. The original site of Aurora University became the school building of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine.
In this way, Aurora University followed yenching university into history and became a term in history textbooks.