Yao sui's ci has 47 defects and made great achievements. Shi Zhouman (missing topic) and He Xinlang (missing topic) are the representatives of his bold and unrestrained style. In addition, he also has euphemistic and unique works, such as "Yu Meiren" and "Jade comb as a concubine".
Yao sui (1238— 13 13) was born in Luoxi (now Luoyang, Henan), and his ancestral home was Liucheng, Yingzhou (now Chaoyang, Liaoning). His ancestors worked as senior officials in Liao and Jin Dynasties, and his uncle Yao Shu became an official after the demise of the Jin Dynasty. Later, he joined the Kublai Khan shogunate and was a famous Han Confucian minister in the early Yuan Dynasty. When Yao Sui was three years old, his father Yao Ge died and his uncle Yao Shu adopted him. When I was a child, I was very concerned and strict with him. In the inscription written for Yao Shu, Yao Ai once said: "When I was three years old, I was so lonely that I didn't know it was dark, so I was in a hurry." This attracted the attention of Yang Huan, director of the Henan Provincial Taxation Bureau. He is an honest tourist and is known as the "Kansai Master". Before Yang Huan died, he married his second daughters, Yan Xu and Yao Sui. During this period, under the guidance of Yao Shu, I mainly studied primary school and four books.
At the age of thirteen, Yao Sui met Xu Heng, a famous scholar of the Yuan Dynasty who came to visit Yao Shu, in Sumenshan (now huixian city, Henan). At the age of eighteen, he formally took Xu Heng as his teacher and studied Neo-Confucianism in Chang 'an. Historically, Xu Heng was good at teaching. "Although his words were warm and warm, he was afraid of hurting the boy." He can also teach students in accordance with their aptitude and guide them according to the situation. Yao Sui learned a lot from Xu Heng, plus he studied hard and made rapid progress. It can be said that under the influence of Xu Heng and others, Yao Sui mainly appeared as a Neo-Confucianism in his early days, which had a significant impact on his later growth as a writer. Neo-Confucianism in Yao Sui's literary thoughts has a great relationship with Xu Heng, which also influenced his creation.
At the age of twenty-four, Yao Sui "began to read Korean" and was deeply attracted by his tough style of writing, which made him even more dissatisfied with the style of inheriting, living in Song Dynasty and Shanghai Soviet Union, and drifted to a slippery style of writing. He is determined to find a way to change his writing style through his own practice.
In the eighth year of Yuan Dynasty (127 1), Xu Heng resigned from Zuocheng, a national scholar, and was transferred to a university in Jixian County to offer wine to the nation. He founded the school and chose Mongolian disciples to teach him. He called twelve disciples to be Bandu, and they were appointed leaders of Lent. Sui Yao is one of them, so he was recruited to Dadu. 12 years, Sui Yao was appointed as Qin Gong Literature, and he embarked on his official career. In the following five years, he went with the Yuan Army to collect people, set up schools, and tried to heal the wounds left by the Yuan and Song wars. These five years left a deep impression on him: "In five years, three people went to Shu, and ten diseases and nine returned to Qin." This poem is full of infinite nostalgia. In the 17th year of Yuan Dynasty, Sui Yao, except the assistant to the governor of Hanzhong Road, Shaanxi Province, "released all those who committed innocent mistakes and brought trouble to prison" and "made people obey their clear decisions". In the last three years, he was transferred to Shannan Hubei Road as an assistant inspector. The following year, he worked in Lizhou, helping the people in disaster relief, promoting advantages and eliminating disadvantages, and being "diligent". His career experience made him see the corruption and darkness of bureaucrats at that time, and also made him realize the great damage caused by the war to society and deeply realized the plight of the people at that time.
In the summer of the 23rd year of Zhiyuan (1286), the imperial court called him the Hanlin. Since then, he has intermittently served as a senior minister, a bachelor of Hanlin, an inexpensive envoy stationed in Jiangdong and a political representative of Jiangxi Province, all of whom are famous for their due diligence. In the winter of the eleventh year of Dade (1307), Yao Sui ushered in the biggest and last turning point in his life: the Yuan Dynasty imitated the stories of four outstanding men in the Han Dynasty, and used Yao Sui as a doctor in Rong Lu, a scholar in Jixian County and a scholar in Hanlin, and studied the history of China, majoring in Records of Emperor Chengzong and Records of Wu Zong. In the literary world, it lasted for a long time and reached this lofty position. At that time, the literati praised his historical writing, and all the literary celebrities who visited Yao's library (such as Yan Fu, Shang Ye, Wu Cheng, Deng, Yuan Mingshan, etc.) praised him as a leader. ), and the people who followed him to learn ancient Chinese also gathered in the shadows (such as Zhang, Guan Yunshi, Li Yi, Xie Duan). In his fourth year of senior year (13 1 1), he finally compiled the Record of Wu Zong and Cheng Zong. Shortly after entering the customs, Sui Yao had to report to the south. In the second year of Guangxu reign in Qing dynasty (13 13), he died at home at the age of 76.
In addition to politics, like the ancient traditional literati, Yao Xiang also likes to travel around the mountains and waters. He said in "Don't Determine the Revision Order": "From the Jing Xian Calendar to now, I have been looking forward to twenty-four strings. One-third of them live in the government, and two-thirds live on land and water boats and horses in Lixia, Guangxi and Ding in seven counties of five States. The mountains and rivers are strange and steep, and the talent standard is unique and unique. It is really rich in the heart. " In the book "Creation of the General Affairs Office of Ningguo Road in Shengyuan", he added: "Sishi's life is mixed, and it is also a rare one in a thousand years. The shape of the country wins, the customs are slightly evil, and the folk customs fall. "Yao Yisheng moved north and south several times and traveled to China several times. Today there are Changsha, Wuchang, Longxing, Jiujiang, Peng Li, Tongling, Hukou, Yueyang, Jinling, Hangzhou, Jingde, Jiangzhou, Huiji, Wucheng and Yangzhou, among which he has been to Wuchang, Longxing and Wucheng many times. Beautiful landscapes and colorful folk customs not only broadened his horizons, enriched his social experience, but also cultivated his sentiment and character. Yao sui left a lot of literary works during his travels, which also brought folk color to his Sanqu poems.
Yao sui was born in a noble family and studied under Confucianism. This environment, coupled with his nature and talent, made him arrogant and developed a heroic, honest and frank character. He admired Li Yong, a great writer and calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty, who was "famous all over the world and full of heroic spirit". In yuan dynasty history, he was recorded as "relying on talents, but despising Zhao Mengfu and the good generation in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties".
At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, Wang and his son in Shenyang, North Korea, even married into the emperor's mansion and took wealth as courtiers, which moved many ministers. On New Year's Eve, Yao Sui became a bachelor of Hanlin and became a famous scholar in Beijing. At that time, many literati were seeking literature with things. "Those who are not good are ashamed." The arty Shenyang Wang and his son also presented Yao Yaoshi with treasures. Yao Xiang despised the greed and failure of courtiers at that time, and looked down on the behavior of Shenyang Wang and his son who only served goods and paid bribes. This eventually led to the court's decision, and he managed to write a composition. Shenyang Wang and his son were very happy after receiving the article, and immediately presented coins, silks, jade articles and famous paintings, up to 50 baskets. Yao Aiping likes collecting famous antique calligraphy and painting, but this time he immediately distributed it to officials, officials and attendants, leaving gold and silver for the Hanlin Academy to pay for, but he didn't take it at all. Some people don't understand. He said, "Belgium, as a small country, is only about goods and profits. I can handle it lightly and let us know that big countries are not equal. " It fully embodies the consciousness and demeanor of a courtier of a big country. Later historians praised his "heroic knowledge"
In order to rule, Mongolian aristocratic rulers adopted a preferential and inclusive policy towards various religions. In the early Yuan Dynasty, Buddhism and Taoism were quite popular. At that time, there were many Taoist temples in the north, and the sects developed very rapidly, especially many famous schools appeared. In such a social environment, Yao Sui was ordered to write inscriptions for Buddhist temples, but he often publicly declared himself a Confucian in his articles. Writing an inscription is really a last resort: "A person who studies Confucianism doesn't know that this is the words of a Buddhist", "He was born in Zhou Kongshu, and his son is unique and in vain." How dare you know without looking? But I was forced by the emperor's orders, and I didn't dare to mention it. I just said a word from Abel Tamata. "Consciously draw a line with Buddhism. Not only that, he also took this opportunity to criticize the situation of Buddhism flooding, numerous temples and monks in the Yuan Dynasty, such as rebuilding the Nanquan Mountain Flower Sting Temple Monument and storing palaces for longxing temple Yongyechang, showing extraordinary courage and courage. Finally, at the age of seventy-four, there was an incident of "grinding the monument". In this year, he was ordered by Yuan Wuzong to write the Monument to Chongen Fuyuan Temple, which contained the words "May you be blessed with the former saints and how to lean on the Buddha". At that time, some monks thought that "all laws" were insults to family members, and "strictness" was an interrogative word, indicating negation. They were very angry about this and complained to the Queen Mother. After this incident, Li Zongshi and others argued to avoid being investigated, but the inscription was erased and transferred to others. It is inevitable that you are talented but still have your own personality, honest, frank, indomitable and dare to take the world by storm. This is probably one of the reasons why he often resigns soon after taking office.
Yao sui is famous for his prose creation, which can be roughly divided into preface and epitaph, and their artistic styles are roughly the same. The most prominent feature is to pay attention to the strength and boldness of the article. For example, the description of Lu Weizhong in Lu Wei's Chinese Collection is very representative: "Chen Jia seized power when he was slack, but he was angry. Silkworms weave crabs, and Fan Guan is embarrassed. A boaster knows that he can't rely on the past, on the contrary, he knows that courtesy and righteousness can't be lost, and merit lies in fame and friendship. When visiting the gentry school, right and wrong must be clarified and evil must be distinguished. Those who are incompetent in politics must be arrogant; A giant who can't refuse. Will be strong and loyal. * * * And the number of apes, when clear and dusty, Zhong Wei is not satisfied with the bottom of the table. " The language written in this passage is quaint, concise and magnificent, which really represents his style in this respect.
Yao sui's ancient prose creation patriarchal clan system Han Yu and Sima Qian advocated the theory of literary spirit. In the preface to the legacy of Feng III, it is said: "My wife's words are sound, and the sound comes from Qi. The middle is smooth and strong, so the words are concise; The qi in the right half is harmonious, so his writing is warm and soft; The essence of the general discussion is correct, so his words are not only worship, but also emotional support, punishing those who rape and do righteous deeds, and making an abrupt statement. First, he takes classics as his teacher, elegant and bold, multi-body but not poor. He regards gold as the oldest and believes in a generation of articles. " The spirit of Yao Sui here is very close to the spirit of Cao Pi, which refers to human endowment, which is manifested in the author's temperament, temperament, talent and other personality factors, and forms different styles in the article because of the author's different personality. It is precisely because of the guidance of this literary theory that he has a conscious or unconscious personality consciousness and dares to express his feelings boldly in literary creation.
The style of Yao Xiang's articles adapted to the needs of the development of literature in the early Yuan Dynasty, which was different from that of Song Shangsu, a disciple of Yuan Haowen who had great influence in the literary world at that time. Compared with its slipshod style, Yao Xiang's article has a certain compensation function, is innovative and has a strong sense of the times, so it was deeply loved by people at that time. Zhang and Wu Shan praised him mainly in this respect in their preface to his collected works. In the preface of Yin Gui's Collected Works, Yu Ji also said admiringly: "There is no great country without a great country. Those who rise up and take advantage of their heroic spirit to think that there is Yao Wengong are not the same as the ancients, but he is magnificent and majestic. How can he reach it? " I can hardly admire the momentum of his article. Yuan Shi's comments on his articles mainly focus on this aspect.
Yao's articles are famous for their quaint and profound language, which is closely related to his personality. It is his personality that enabled him to face the reality of people's ignorance when he started his literary creation under the background of the popular culture of Zongsong School. He stepped forward, advocated learning from the ancients, respected the ancients, devoted himself to the reform and innovation of writing style, worked hard, gradually formed his own language style, achieved high literary achievements, and finally got social recognition. His writing style became a noticeable literary phenomenon in his later years.
Yao Sui's poems are Autumn in Zhejiang and Night in Wushan. The parting of the river flows with the river, don't hate it. In the north, the lotus has withered. The cold autumn and the light blue light add desolation and loneliness to the study, but I dare not leave so early. Tonight is another drunken night. Since the Ming Dynasty will eventually leave, let's put up with it. -Yuan Yao Sui's "Pu Tianle Zheqiu" Pu Tianle Zheqiu
Yao sui in yuan dynasty
If you want to leave, don't retreat. If you don't send it, it will get cold. It's hard for me to send or not to send a room. -Yuan Yao's "Pinglan Man" Pinglan Man
If you want to send the clothes back,
It's cold without sending you clothes.
Between sending and not sending,
My body must feel bad. The moon has no relatives, so it is changed to fu, and it is the snow cliff that makes the king green and the wind dew the girl. I think it's my gray hair. Ask? It's a good thing that moths don't marry. Laugh but don't answer, Lao Tzu is a noble man and has trusted Shao Ling's poems. What's more, WU GANG is already wielding an axe. -Yuan Yaosui, Black Lacquer Crossbow Wu Zishou Xi Fu. Dinghai Mid-Autumn Festival, Vision? "Black paint crossbow Wu Zishou operator. Dinghai Mid-Autumn Festival, Vision?
The moon has no relatives, so it is changed to fu, and it is the snow cliff that makes the king green and the wind dew the girl. I think it's my gray hair. Ask? It's a good thing that moths don't marry. Laughing without answering, Lao Tzu is a noble man, and he has trusted Shao Ling's poems. What's more, WU GANG is already wielding an axe. Read more poems by Yao Sui.