I. Types and Importance of Basic Chinese Knowledge "Knowledge is the basis of intelligence, and memory is the basis of thinking (the core of intelligence)", which shows the importance of mastering "double basics".
"Basic knowledge of Chinese" is a broad concept, including pronunciation, vocabulary, syntax, rhetoric, punctuation, cultural and literary knowledge, writing knowledge, poetry reading and so on. For the convenience of learning, we can divide it into two categories: memory type and application type.
According to the test questions of college entrance examination, memory knowledge at least includes the pronunciation, shape and meaning of words (1 No.2), the expression and filling in the blanks of common sense of literature and culture (for example, No.9 and No.30 of 1996), the filling in the blanks of famous sayings (Volume II) and the comparison of words in classical Chinese (1996).
Second, the effective method of learning to master the "double basics" 1, the "secret" of strengthening memory The process of mastering basic knowledge is essentially a process of resisting forgetting. Here, according to psychological science, five tips to strengthen memory are summarized.
The first note: "As soon as I fly into the sky, I will never sing again." . This means that for the new content of the first memory, you must "buy a treasure knife at all costs."
Psychology shows that what can be remembered in 10 minutes takes 5 minutes, and the best effect can be achieved by changing the way (meditation, dictation, recitation, etc.). ). Many students have just reached a critical state when remembering new knowledge, thinking that they have remembered it.
This amount of memory disappears 40% after ten minutes, which increases the difficulty of reviewing interval memory, which is really not worth the candle. ② Repeat: "When the hanging insects are low, they fly when they fall".
Repetitive memory can overcome forgetting relatively. More complicated and profound information is impossible to remember once and for all.
Psychological experiments show that you forget 10% after three hours and 25-30% after three days. The longer the time, the higher the forgetting rate. Students in our key middle schools must arrange their memories scientifically according to the actual situation.
The first recording can be self-study on the evening of the lecture; The second round of memory is the self-study the day before the new lesson, or other time; The third round reappeared in the form of a movie a few minutes before class. Facts have proved that it is absolutely feasible to repeat each round with a shorter time.
3 Simplification: "A word is natural and eternal, and luxury is true." On the basis of analysis and understanding, simplify a complex knowledge system into primitive, natural and popular elements, so that it can be firmly, quickly and quickly remembered.
There are three ways to simplify it. First, the simplification of grasping.
For example, there are many pictophonetic characters and cognitive characters, and the word formation of many of them is the deformation of "person" and "hand". Such as "Qi", "Fang", "Yuan" and "Yi" are all the deformations of "human"; "Yi", "inch", "you", "bi" and "bi" are all the deformation of "hand".
Taking out the deformed "person" and "hand" can help us distinguish the form and meaning of many Chinese characters. For example, the people who are trapped in the upper left are all "xi 'an" (called "sleepy" in ancient times) and "Piao", while those who are rhyme are all "Piao".
The lower part of the "belly" is the hand. When it comes to "lifting", it is not the lower part of the "nose". "Moon (meat)" is taken with "you (hand)" on the "sacrifice" to show respect, not the first half of "Deng".
"Pasturing" means "cattle" and "people". "Union" is to pinch grains with "hands", so it has the function of "reading by night candle", and "Concurrent" is to pinch two grains with hands, so the solutions are obtained at the same time, added at the same time, and so on.
Second, simplify "example sentences", such as grasping "tricks" by "wolfing down"; Grasping descriptive synaesthesia through "sweet words"; Through "I have a sister studying in Beijing" and "I have reason to refute you", we can master the patterns of "simultaneity" and "link" brought by the word "you" and so on. The third is to simplify the compilation of "songs".
If you learn a variety of uses of commas, you can write your own songs: there are frequent pauses in sentences, and commas should be used to distinguish them: in complex sentences, between clauses; In simple sentences, it is very important-the subject and predicate are long, or the object is long after the inverted sentence and verb; Adverbial is before the sentence and longer in the sentence; After solving the sequence, insert the components on both sides; Complex and pause, think carefully with teasing. Top 4 contact: "deformation is easy to change color, and things follow the wind."
Being good at remembering the connection and transformation between the unknown and the known, the abstract and the concrete, the clutter and the organization is an effective way to strengthen memory. If you can't find the above connection, you would rather "force yourself" to establish a connection based on personal experience or external and accidental connections than "change color and things with the wind".
For example, isn't "Memory of Forgetting" just "Southern accent and Northern accent"? The place where the Leifeng Tower fell was a pile of graves. "Defeating the imperial court" ("Zou Ji satirizes coachable, the king of Qi") is a "national policy of the Warring States"; "Don't (touch) mourn" is a cocoon. Another example is remembering ancient names and words. If there is no "complementary" or "equivalent" relationship, the above method can be used.
⑤ Note: "Idle clouds can't rain, and yellow leaves are full of autumn". "Idle clouds" are floating everywhere, and "one piece" cannot become rain.
Be sure to prepare one or two pocket notebooks, classify them according to the outline of basic knowledge, and write down or cut and paste all kinds of basic knowledge at any time. Here, referring to the test sites and test questions of the outline, we provide a classified outline: words that are prone to mispronouncing (such as form and meaning, you may wish to record them on the spot, and the following items can also be treated as such): words and idioms that are prone to mispronouncing; Synonyms and antonyms; Difficult to master related words; Grammar and famous sentences; Common rhetoric; Punctuation marks; Common sense of ancient and modern culture; Common sense of ancient and modern literature; Famous words; Common notional words in classical Chinese; Common sense of writing; Writing material.
There are many ready-made compiled books and periodicals about the above contents. Do you still take yourself as a reading note? Use, because the general compilation is aimed at the general situation, which is not suitable for everyone's situation and wastes time. You should re-extract yourself vaguely, so that you won't be useless when reviewing.
Many students don't have time to take notes because of the tight time, or concentrate on copying and reciting. The result is still "a thatched cottage, flickering, flickering", or a confused account. 2. A reliable way to transform knowledge into ability. The college entrance examination "Chinese Description" emphasizes: "Language knowledge focuses on application, not terminology."
This is the same as "Don't test students with noun terms" in the syllabus.
2. Have a comprehensive understanding of Chinese.
1. Commonly used metonymic words: 1, mulberry: hometown 2, peach and plum: student 3, country, Xuanyuan: country 4, Nanguan: prisoner 5, classmate: classmate 6, beacon smoke: war 7, female 8, bamboo: music 9, male 65438. History: Chronicle 13, husband and wife 14, Ding Bai, Buyi: common people 15, yellow hair: old man 16, Sang Ma: farming 17, support, overlooking: children/kloc-.
3. Father and son poets: Su Xun (Lao Su), Su Shi (Da Su) and Su Zhe (Xiao Su). 4. Bold poets: Su Shi and Xin Qiji, also known as "Su Xin"; Graceful lyricist: Li Qingzhao (poetess) 5. Du Li: Li Bai and Du Fu.
Xiao: Li Shangyin and Du Mu. 6. Qu Yuan: the earliest great poet in China. He initiated the new poetic style of "Chu Ci" and the romantic style of China's poetry.
7. Confucius, named Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period. He is the founder of Confucianism, known as "Confucius Sage" and Mencius as "Yasheng", both of whom are called "Confucius and Mencius". 8. Su Shi praised Wang Wei for "painting in poetry and poetry in painting."
9. Du Fu was a great realistic poet in Tang Dynasty. His poems reflect the social reality extensively and profoundly, and are called "the history of poetry", so Du Fu is honored as a "poet saint". There are three famous officials: Tongguan officials, Shi Hao officials and Xin 'an officials. "Three Farewells": wedding farewell, farewell to the old and welcome the new, and homelessness. 10. China's first biographical general history is Historical Records (also known as Taishi Gongshu), written by Sima Qian of the Han Dynasty. Lu Xun called Historical Records "the swan song of historians", including: 12 biographies, 30, 70 and 650.
1 1, Four Histories: Historical Records, Han History, Later Han History, History of the Three Kingdoms. 12, four masters of the Yuan Dynasty: Guan Hanqing, Zheng Guangzu, Bai Pu and Ma Zhiyuan.
13, Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is the first excellent collection of short stories in classical Chinese in China, written by Pu Songling, a famous novelist in Qing Dynasty. "Liaozhai" is the name of his library, "Zhi" is a narrative, and "Alien" is a strange thing.
14. Four great calligraphers: Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, Ou Yangxun and Zhao Meng. The main schools and representatives of a hundred schools of thought contended in the Warring States Period: Confucianism, Confucius and Mencius, Han Feizi, Taoism, Zhuangzi, Liezi, Mohism, Mozi 16, and four great calligraphers in the Southern Song Dynasty: Lu You and Yang. Wang Changling 18, Tang Zong: Emperor Taizong, Li Shimin, Song Zu, Song Taizu, Zhao Kuangyin, Qin Huang, Qin Shihuang, Ying Zheng, Hanwu, Emperor Liu Che 19, and the first pastoral poet in China was Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, who "fought five fights without breaking his waist". 20. Four misers in world literature: Grandet, Shylock, Overflow Higgins and Abalone.
2 1, a typical miser in China: Yan Jiansheng. Third, China literature is the best: the earliest collection of poems is The Book of Songs; The earliest patriotic poet was Qu Yuan; The earliest pastoral poet was Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The earliest and most outstanding frontier poets were Gao Shi and Cen Can in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. The most outstanding uninhibited poet in ancient times was Su Shi in the Northern Song Dynasty. The most outstanding poetess in ancient times was Li Qingzhao in the Southern Song Dynasty. The most famous patriotic poet in ancient times was Xin Qiji in the Southern Song Dynasty. The greatest romantic poet in ancient times was Li Bai in the Tang Dynasty. The greatest realistic poet in ancient times was Du Fu in Tang Dynasty. The patriotic poet who wrote the most poems in ancient times was Lu You in the Southern Song Dynasty. The most famous novel in ancient times was The Journey to the West in Wu Cheng'en in the Ming Dynasty. The most famous historical novel in ancient times is The Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Luo Guanzhong in the early Ming Dynasty. The earliest novel of peasant uprising in ancient times was Shi Naian's Water Margin at the end of Yuan and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. The greatest realistic novel in ancient times was A Dream of Red Mansions by Cao Xueqin in Qing Dynasty. The most outstanding satirical novel in ancient times is Wu's Scholars in Qing Dynasty. The most outstanding collection of classical short stories in ancient China is Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio in Qing Dynasty. The earliest recorded prose in ancient times was The Analects of Confucius. The earliest chronicle work in ancient times was Zuo Zhuan. The earliest biographical history in ancient times was Historical Records. The most outstanding inscription in ancient times was Liu Yuxi's Humble Room Inscription in Tang Dynasty. The greatest writer in modern times is Lu Xun; The most outstanding novel in modern times is Midnight by Mao Dun. The most influential collection of short stories in modern times is Lu Xun's Scream.
Fourth, cultural knowledge: 1. Four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty: Yang Jiong, Lu, Luo. 2. Three Kingdoms: Wei, Shu and Wu.
3. "Four classic masterpieces": Dream of Red Mansions, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin and Journey to the West. 4. "Four Legends": The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl, butterfly lovers, Meng Jiangnv and the Legend of the White Snake.
5. The world's four great short story masters: Chekhov, Mo Bosang, Mark Twain and O Henry. 6. Su Shi's prose represents the highest achievement of prose in the Northern Song Dynasty, and his poetry and Huang Tingjian are called "Su Huang".
7. Ma Zhiyuan's masterpiece Tianjingsha Qiu Si is known as "the ancestor of Qiu Si". 8. Cao Xueqin wrote A Dream of Red Mansions (also known as The Story of the Stone), the greatest realistic work in China's classical novels, which was widely circulated and loved by people after its publication. The study of this book, A Dream of Red Mansions, has now become an important topic in the study of world literature.
9. Lu Xun is the founder of modern literature in China, and Chen Yi is called "Marshal Poet". Cang Kejia is called a "local poet" because most of his poems are rural themes. In other places, Wen Yiduo is known as the "drummer of the times" (drummer poet). 10, three friends in the cold: pine, bamboo and plum.
1 1. Four gentlemen in flowers: plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum. 12, four friends of literati: piano, chess, books and paintings.
13, Four Treasures of the Study: pen, ink, paper and inkstone. 14, Sikuquanshu: Scenery, History, Zi and Ji.
15, the six meanings in The Book of Songs refer to: style, elegance, praise (classification), fu, comparison and honor (expression). 16, Tang poetry, Song poetry, Yuanqu, Ming and Qing dynasties.
3. Some common sense questions about China literature.
1。
There are many factions of foreign rickshaw pullers in Peiping: young and strong, agile in legs and feet, paying attention to renting beautiful cars, pulling all day, and having freedom to drive and collect cars whenever they like; Pull the car out and put it at a fixed "car door" or door, waiting for the owner of the express train; If you do it well, you may get one and two pieces at once; As it happens, I may have wasted a day and didn't even land the "car share", but I don't care. There are probably two hopes of this group of buddies: either pulling a chartered car; Or buy your own car, have your own car, and then go for a month or a seat, it doesn't matter. Anyway, the car is my own.
Xiangzi was a relatively free foreign coachman at first, that is to say, he was a young and strong type with his own car: his own car and his own life were in his own hands, and he was a senior coachman. 2。
Desperate island 3. Nautilus 4.
All because of the east wind; I lost my wife and too many soldiers. It's hard to say 5. Notes on Yu, Shanju 6.
On heroes Cao Cao and Liu Bei in cooking wine.
4. Primary Chinese 1 Literature Knowledge Class for Grade 6
1, a trip to 23 Li 2, painting 3, chanting Buddha goose 4, painting chicken Luo Tang Wang Bin Yin Mingtang a trip to 23 Li, looking at the mountains, geese, geese from afar, no need to cut the red crown on your head, four or five smoke villages.
Listen to the water silently. Xiang Tiange.
Walking in the snow-covered future. There are six or seven pavilions, and the spring flowers are still there. White hair floating green water, I dare not speak out of turn all my life, eighty or ninety flowers.
People come and birds are not surprised. The red palm clears the waves.
Call on thousands of households to open up. 5, quiet night 6, Benjamin Tang Nong Li Baitang Shen Liru such a bright line at the foot of my bed, weeding day at noon, will it have frost? .
Sweat dripped on the ground. Looking up, I found it was moonlight, but Chinese food, sinking again, suddenly reminded me of home.
Every single grain is the fruit of hard work. The second volume of the first day 7, Xiao Chun 8, Cunju 9, 10 I have seen it, Xiaochi Tangmeng Haoran Gao Qing Dingqingyuan Song Mei Yang Wanli I am awake and relaxed this spring morning, the grass grows in February, the shepherd boy rides a cow, the spring is quiet and precious, and birds are singing everywhere around me.
The willows on the embankment are drunk with spring smoke. The song shook the forest, and the shade of the trees shone on the water, loving the sunshine and softness.
But I still remember that night, when it was raining heavily, the children came back from school early and wanted to catch cicadas, but Xiao He showed his sharp horns and complained to me. How many flowers did he break? Dongfeng is busy, flying kites. Shut up suddenly.
Dragonflies have long stood on it. The first book of Grade Two (1 1) was given to (12), Shan Xing (13), Homecoming Book (14), and Wang Lun, Shi, Tang Du and He Tang Li Bai-he came rain or shine. When he was young, he left home for his boss, and Li Bai was about to leave Ao Shuang by boat.
Some white clouds were seen floating across every household, and the local accent remained unchanged.
Suddenly I heard singing on the shore. Good years must be remembered.
Stop and sit on the night of love and LAM Raymond. When children meet strangers, the Peach Blossom Pond is deep in thousands of feet, orange, yellow, green and green.
Frosted autumn leaves are better than February flowers. Ask where the guests come from with a smile.
Not as good as Wang Lun. Book 2, Grade 2 15, Cao 16, Su Xincheng Store 17, Wanglushan Waterfall 18, quatrains 19, Song Yang, Li Bai, Tang Du Fu, the folk songs of the Northern Dynasties, covered the plains, the hedges were sparse all the way, and the sunshine incense burner was shining.
As each season comes and goes. The flowers at the top of the tree are not shady.
Looking at the waterfall hanging in front of Sichuan. A line of egrets rose into the sky.
The sky is like a vault. Wildfire has never completely devoured them. Children are rushing to chase Huang Die, flying down three thousands of feet, and under the window, there is snow in Hanxiling and Qian Qiu, and the cages cover the fields. They have grown taller in the spring breeze.
Flying into cauliflower is nowhere to be found. It's been nine days since I suspected that the Milky Way had set.
Mambo Wu Dong Wan Li Ship. The sky is wild, and the wind and grass are moving to see cattle and sheep.
The first volume of the third grade of primary school: 20, 2 1 As seen in the night book, 22 I miss my brothers in Shandong on vacation in the mountains, 23 I am at Wangtianmen Mountain, 23 I am at Drinking Lake Chuqing, and after the rain, Ye Song Shao Weng Tang Wang Wei Li Tang Bai Song Su Shi Xiao Wu Ye sends a cold sound and a stranger, and the Tianmen breaks the Chu River and the boiling water is fine, and the autumn wind on the river sends guests off well. Please think twice about your relatives during the festival.
It's strange that Higashi Shimizu flows behind the mountain and the rain is empty. I know that there are children who promote knitting, and I also know from a distance where my brothers climb. The green hills on both sides of the strait are opposite. I think the West Lake is better than the West Lake, and the fence will fall down at night.
There is one person missing from the dogwood. Here comes the lonely sail. Light makeup is always appropriate.
24, children fishing Tang Pengtou children learn to bow down and sit by the raspberry moss. Hearing the voice of passers-by, the child waved, afraid to disturb the fish and dare not respond to passers-by.
Volume 2: 25, Wing Willow 26, Spring Day 27, Kiki Joe 28, Chang 'e Tang He Tang Tang Li Shangyin Jasper disguised as a tree, winning the day to find the fragrance of Surabaya, watching the blue clouds on Tanabata tonight, the mica screen candle is deeply shaded, and thousands of strands of green silk tapestries hang down. The boundless scene is new for a while.
Petunia and Weaver Girl cross the bridge. The long river gradually falls and the stars sink.
I wonder who cut the thin leaves. When everyone watches the east wind and the autumn moon, Chang 'e should regret stealing the elixir. The spring breeze in February is like scissors. Colorful is always spring.
Wear tens of thousands of HongLing. Blue sea, clear sky, night heart.
29. Meng Jiao, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, a kind-hearted mother made clothes for her wayward son. Before leaving, I had a stitch for fear that my son would come back late and his clothes would be damaged.
Who can say that a filial child like the weak can repay his mother's love like the sunshine in spring? At 4: 30 in the first volume of Grade Three, entitled Xilin Wall 3 1, I visited Shanxi Village 32, and the Yellow Crane Tower saw Meng Haoran off on the way to Yangzhou 33. I sent Yuan Er's envoy to Anxi to visit Tang Libai, Wei Zuoling, Bian Feng, and didn't laugh at the farmhouse wine. So it was raining and dusty in Weicheng, and the distance was different.
There are enough chickens, dolphins and fireworks to go to Yangzhou in March. The guest rooms are green and willow.
I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, so I can't doubt the mountains and rivers. Sailing alone, the blue sky is exhausted. I advise you to have a drink only because you are on this mountain. There is also a village.
I only saw the Yangtze River flowing in the sky. There is no reason to go out of Yangguan in the west.
34. I passed my old friend Zhuang, Haoran prepared my chicken and rice, old friend, you entertained me on your farm. Green Woods surround the village and green hills are located outside the city.
Open the window facing the valley vegetable garden and pass the glass to talk about crops. Please come here to see chrysanthemums when the ninth festival comes.
The fourth grade book 2: 35. Sitting alone in Jingting Mountain 36, looking at Dongting 37 and remembering Jiangnan 38. Pastoral April Tang Li Bai Liu Tang Yuxi Tang Bai Juyi Song Weng Juan Birds are high, lakes and moonlight are good, Jiangnan is good, and the scenery is old. The mountains and plains are green, the rivers are white, and the lonely clouds go to leisure alone.
There is no wind on the surface of the pool and the mirror is not polished. At sunrise, the river is redder than the fire, and the rain is like smoke in the regular sound. I can't get tired of watching each other, watching Dongting mountains and rivers, and the riverside is as blue as blue.
There are few idle people in the countryside in April, only Jingting Mountain. There is a green snail in the silver plate. Can you forget Jiangnan? Only when sericulture is planted in the field.
39. the four seasons are idyllic. Fisherman Song Fan Chengda Zhang Tang He Zhi went out to farm at night, egrets flew in front of Mount Cisse, and the children in the village took charge of themselves. Peach blossom and flowing water mandarin fish fertilizer.
Children and grandchildren don't plow and weave, but they are green and want to drip, and they also learn to grow melons in mulberry shade. There is no need to return to the oblique wind and drizzle.
The first volume of the fifth grade of primary school: 4 1, berthed in Guazhou 42, Qiu Si 43, Sauvignon Blanc Wang Song Anshi Tang Zhang Jiqing Nalan Xingde Jingkou Guazhou Yishui, Luoyang City saw the autumn wind, the mountains took the ride, and the water took the ride. I headed for Guan Yu. At night, Zhongshan is separated by only a few mountains. The writer's book is full of meaning.
Thousands of lamps. The spring breeze in Jiang Nanan is green, and I'm afraid I won't be able to tell you that the wind is changing, the snow is changing, and the dream of breaking the hometown is not round. When will the bright moon shine on me?
Pedestrians came and opened again. There is no such sound.
44. Seven Laws. The Long March * * The Red Army is not afraid of the expedition, and Qianshan is only idle. Wuling makes waves, and Wumeng takes mud pills.
Jinsha River is warm in the clouds and cliffs, and Dadu Bridge is cold with the cross rail. I am glad to see that Minshan Mountain is covered with snow and stretches for miles. Our soldiers crossed it and showed a bright smile.
45, operator. Yongmei * * * wind and rain send spring home, flying snow welcomes the spring. Although the icicles on the cliff are still hanging for miles. There is a sweet flower in it.
Joe doesn't fight for spring, he only reports it. When the flowers bloom, she laughs in the bushes.
Book of Grade Five: 46, Shepherd Boy 47, Zhoudu Anren 48, Qingpingle Village in Tang Lu Yan Song Yang Wanli Song Xin Qijicao Store.
5. Chinese and literature common sense problem sets.
1 Comparison of 305 elegant and popular essays in the Spring and Autumn Period of the Western Zhou Dynasty 2 Four Words 3 Qu Yuan 4 Chu Ci 5 Chu Ci 6 Seven Hair 7 Sima Xiangru 8 Historical Records 9 Historical Records Sima Qian 10 Peacock flying southeast and Yuefu Double Wall119 ancient poems Cao Zhi 13 pastoral poems/kloc-. Kloc-0/6 Li Bai Du Shang Yin Du Bai 17 From Beijing to Fengxian, reciting 500 words, Du Fu 18 Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow and Pi Hanyu's Prose Language in the Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties 2 1 Han Zongyuan Su Wangxun An Shi Ceng Gong 22 Guan Hanqing's Dou Eyuan, Single Knife Meeting, Master Ma Bai Renpu's 23 Romance of the Three Kingdoms 24 Romance of the Three Kingdoms, A Dream of Red Mansions, The Journey to the West. Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio Pu Songling A Dream of Red Mansions Lu Xun's Diary of a Madman Hu Shi's Attempt 3 1 Xu Chi's Goldbach Conjecture 32 The Book of Songs, Shangshu, Book of Rites, Zhouyi, Chunqiu 36 A, B, D, E, G, D.
6.30 Primary school literature common sense, urgent
The first military theoretical work, Sun Tzu's Art of War, the first monograph on river systems, Notes on Water Classics, the first literature on minerals, the first book on explaining words, the first monograph on agricultural handicraft production technology, the book of Qi Yao Min, the first book on tea, and the first book on Yu Gong. A biographical historical record The first biographical dynastic history Han Shu The first monograph explaining the meaning of Er Ya The first long lyric poem Li Sao The first vernacular short story The Diary of a Madman The Scholars The masterpiece of China's classical satirical literature The highest achievement of the classical historical novel The Romance of the Three Kingdoms The first great poet is Qu Yuan's first famous poetess. Poet-the poet who recited the most poems in Yang Wanli's history-Lu You's earliest translation of foreign ancient books-Lao Zi's largest collection of poems and songs-Tang poetry can be used as examination questions, which has the advantage of common sense and good results.
7. China cultural knowledge test questions
Quiet to cultivate one's morality, frugal to cultivate one's morality. Not cold, not awake, not quiet, not far away.
Young people's wisdom makes the country wise, young people's wealth makes the country rich, and young people's strength makes the country strong —— Liang Qichao's comment on young chinese.
The river of no return, the waves are gone. The eight masters of Tang and Song Dynasties are the general names of the representative prose writers of Tang and Song Dynasties, namely Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in Tang Dynasty and Ouyang Xiu, Su San (Su Xun, Su Shi and Su Zhe), Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong in Song Dynasty.
Zhuangzi is a famous representative of Zhou and Taoism schools, and is the successor and developer of Laozi's philosophy. Later generations called him (Lao Zi) and (Lao Zi). In ancient historical materials, people called tea (tea) (tea) (tea) and so on. In Lu Yu's book (Tea Classic), many tea names are unified into tea! Chinese paper-cutting art is the product of the invention of iron and papermaking, which was formed in the Han and Wei Dynasties. As far as techniques are concerned, paper-cutting is mainly divided into (positive engraving), (negative engraving) and (mixed engraving of yin and yang)
Paper-cut of Eight Immortals in Huangxian County, Shandong Province in the late Qing Dynasty, art collection in Shandong Province.
8. Chinese knowledge questions
1. "The Art of War" Author: Sun Wu Brief Introduction Sun Ce, Sun Wu, Sun Bin. Sun Ce: Sun Ce (175-200).
Fuchun (now Fuyang, Zhejiang), a Wu serviceman, lives in Jianghuai area and is quite famous. Attached to Yuan Shu, frustrated.
In the second year of Xingping (195), he led his father to cross the river, attacked Liu You, the secretariat of Yangzhou, and took charge of Wang Lang. Sun Ce is good at fighting and has strict military discipline. With the support of Zhou Yu and other local predators, he successively captured Wu, Huiji and other counties and established political power in Jiangdong.
In the second year of Jian 'an (197), Yuan Shu proclaimed himself emperor and wrote to Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. Worship the "rebel general" and seal the marquis of Wu.
In the fourth year (199), he defeated Liu Xun, the satrap of Lujiang, and gained more than 20,000 soldiers, unifying Jiangdong and dividing it into the southeast. In the fifth year of Jian 'an (200 years), Cao Yuan refused Guandu, and Sun Ce plotted to attack Xuchang and meet Xian Di.
The soldier was assassinated before he was sent. On his deathbed, he gave his brother the right to inherit his career. In 229 AD, his younger brother Sun rose, honoring his father as Emperor Wu Lie and chasing his younger brother as King Huan of Changsha.
Sun Ce was only 26 when he died. Starting from Yuan Shu, I set out with more than 1,000 soldiers to conquer Jiangnan.
Sun Wu: Sun Wu, a native of Danyang, graduated from junior college. Teenagers tutor, painting and calligraphy, and the pool is endless.
In his early years, he won an award in the first "International China Calligraphy and Painting Art Copying Competition". In recent years, most of his works have been spread overseas or selected for exhibitions, and some of his works have been exhibited in China History Museum and China Art Museum. Some of his works have been compiled into China Calligraphy Appreciation System, Selected Works of China Painters, and Collection of China Artists' Paintings and Calligraphy.
He was employed as a researcher at the Literature Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Art of the Ministry of Culture and a member of the Gallery of the Chinese History Museum. Sun Bin: Sun Bin was an outstanding military theorist and conductor in the Warring States period, and a native of Qi. It is said that when he was a teenager, he was poor and lonely. When he was old, Wang Xu, who was named Guiguzi after himself, went into the mountains to study the art of war.
Because he was studious and earnest, he was deeply loved by his teachers, but he was jealous of his classmate Pang Juan and was assassinated by Pang Juan. Later, the emissary of Qi secretly returned to China and was taken in by Tian Ji, the general of Qi.
In a horse race, he helped Tian Ji win the monarch, and his talent first appeared. Qi Weiwang made him a strategist. At that time, Qi's main rival was Wei. In 354 BC, Pang Juan led Wei Bing to besiege Handan, the capital of Yue State. In the second year, the Vietnamese army could not support it and rescued Qi.
The Qi army adopted Sun Bin's suggestion. Instead of directly rescuing Handan, it jumped in and attacked the girders of the capital of Wei. Wei Jun had to give up Handan and save the girders. When Wei Jun returned to China via Guilin, he was attacked by the long-awaited Qi army and was defeated.
This is the famous "wai Wei to save Zhao" in history. As a famous war example, it has always been highly praised by military strategists. In 342 BC, Wei Jun led by Pang Juan attacked South Korea again, and South Korea asked Qi for help.
According to Sun Bin's plan, when the two countries were at war for a long time and their forces failed, the Qi army stormed Weidu again. Wei Jun withdrew from the encirclement and returned to China to join hands with the domestic defenders to fight against the Qi army.
Qi, under the command of Sun Bin, used the method of "reducing the number of stoves to lure the enemy" and abandoned his helmet and armor on the way eastward, reducing the number of stoves day by day. Seeing this, Pang Juan mistakenly thought that the Qi army was defeated. "It is to abandon its step army and chase it lightly."
When the enemy was lured into Maling in the territory of Qi, the Qi army used favorable terrain to set an ambush. Wei Jun arrived, and thousands of arrows were fired. In World War I, Wei Jun was seriously injured, Pang Juan was defeated and committed suicide, and Qi became strong again.
Later, Sun Bin and his disciples summed up their combat experience and wrote a great military work-Sun Bin's Art of War. 2. The story of the Monkey King's most rebellious spirit in The Journey to the West, a classic literary masterpiece, is: making havoc in heaven. 3. In "Water Margin", a man who was forced to become a monk because of murder in Wutai Mountain met Lin Chong while visiting the vegetable garden in Suoguo Temple in Tokyo. It was Lu who made a scene to save Lin Chong in the wild pig forest, nicknamed the flower monk; In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Zhang Fei called Cao General Xia Hou three times and drank it at once, outwitting Yan Yan and Wako.
4. What is the best thing in the world? This is a lot! The first dictionary in the world: the first person in the world who invented the instrument to determine the location of an earthquake: Zhang Heng, the first pharmacopoeia in the world: Dolly, the first cloned sheep in the world of Tang herbal medicine, the first person in the world who underwent surgery under general anesthesia: Hua Tuo, the first person in the world who climbed Mount Everest; and tenzing norgay, the first agricultural history book in the world: Alden Armstrong, Earl of Qi Shu, the first book in the world about Halley's Comet. This is the information: on February 3, 2006, 13, the latest research results of a British scholar were published in the Evening News, which caused a sensation in the academic circles! The first person who discovered America in the world was not Columbus, but Zheng He of the Ming Dynasty in China. When Columbus and others sailed, they all held maps in their hands, which proved that someone had been to America before.
At that time, the navigation skills of China people were world-class. When Zheng He made seven voyages to the West, there were often hundreds of ships and 20,000 people. The research results show that Da Gama was not the first person to discover the Cape of Good Hope, and Zheng He bypassed the Cape of Good Hope to reach America! If it weren't for the Li Zicheng Uprising, Wu Sangui's Qing soldiers' entry into the customs, and the criminal rule of the Qing Dynasty, China would not only become a maritime power, but also dominate the world with Spanish, Portuguese and later British western powers, develop overseas colonies, and embark on the road of civilization! )。