(1965438+9 August 2007-2016 February 2007)

An all-round scholar of literature, history, philosophy and art who has won three laurels of "Master of Chinese Studies", "Master of Sinology" and "Pride of Asian Culture" and is highly praised by world-renowned scholars such as Harvard/Oxford/Yale/Tokyo University.

Zong I Rao was born in a scholarly family and inherited family studies since childhood. His academic methods not only inherited the family origin, but also inherited the styles of Wang Guowei and Chen. Teenagers become prodigies of poetry, while young people devote themselves to rural history and culture and initiate tide studies. After moving to Hong Kong, he engaged in teaching and research in Japan, India, Singapore, France and the United States. He is proficient in things and works, and has profound attainments in literature, history, philosophy, art and many other fields. He is the leader of learning from the East to the West and the teacher of European Sinology, and is known as "the coordinate of oriental culture".

Zong Bai Rao-Coordinates of Oriental Culture (Chen Zhu) published by Huacheng Publishing House in 20 15 is the only biography personally examined by Zong Bai Rao before his death. I chose some chapters today, but I missed it.

1

Study on Youcheng Family

1965438+August 9, 2007 (April 22 of the lunar calendar), Zong Yirao was born in Chao 'an County (now Xiangqiao District). This year is the eve of China's new-democratic revolution. The bourgeois revolutionary party headed by Sun Yat-sen launched the war to protect France in order to oppose the dictatorship of the northern warlords. This year is a turbulent year in China, and Chaozhou is still at peace with the world.

Zong Yirao's grandfather, whose real name is Xing Tong, was born in the 27th year of Daoguang (1847) and is the president of Chaozhou Chamber of Commerce. 1902, Rao Xingtong founded the first charity "Ji 'an Shantang" in Chaozhou, which was widely spread and well-known. Charity hall still plays a huge role in the public welfare undertakings in Chaoshan area. Rao Xingtong has four sons, and his father Rao E (1891-1932) is the third. Rao E is Rao Xingtong's most admired child. Rao E manages his own banking business, and with rich financial management experience, he has accumulated a strong family background. He is not only a rich banker, but also a famous local scholar and a member of the progressive group Nanshe. He founded a poetry club and served as the editor-in-chief of Nanyue Daily. When he was young, he studied at Shanghai University of Political Science and Law. After finishing his studies, the students tried their best to keep him and advised him to stay in Shanghai and start a business together. As a dutiful son, knowing his position in Rao's family, he gave up his life and business in Shanghai and returned to Chaozhou.

△ 1926 Rao family portrait. The third person from the right in the second row is rap, and the eighth person is Zong Yi.

19 years old, Rao E married the second daughter of Cai Xueyuan, the owner of Fucheng household in the late Qing Dynasty. Mrs Rao was born in a noble family, quiet and virtuous, and knowledgeable. Although married into a rich family, I have no worries about food and clothing, but I still do manual labor every day. Zong Yirao's grandmother Zheng loves this daughter-in-law very much and is willing to tell her anything. Her mother-in-law and daughter-in-law respect each other and are as close as mother and daughter. In the seventh year after marriage, Mrs Rao gave birth to Zong Yirao.

Rap named his son "Fu Sen" and later officially named him "Zong Yi". The reason why Rao Shushi didn't take the word "Xu" as his son's name was that he hoped his son would become a great scholar like Zhou Dunyi, the founder of Neo-Confucianism in the Northern Song Dynasty, and because Zhou Dunyi was named "Lianxi", he would be named "Bo Lian". Zong Rao also has a little-known nickname-Bozi, which means big. Zonggeng is the eldest son, so he is called Bozi. When he was painting, he once wrote Rao Bozi. Zong Rao's second brother, Zong Yi, also lived in the Song Dynasty, because there was a Neo-Confucianism scholar, Zhang Yi, whose father hoped his second son could learn from him in knowledge and practice. With the passage of time and the growth of age, Tsung i Jao increasingly felt that he was inextricably linked with the name "Zong Yi". In the dark, he became attached to the Buddha since he was a child, and there were many incredible coincidences. He believes that this is a magical thing brought by the persistence of the Buddha. Zong Yi mentioned in Zong Yi Ming Ming:

He devoted himself to the study of Confucian classics since he was a child, and became attached to Sanzang for several days in the past forty years. In Chajia, there are Tazheng Tibetan, Xuzang in Japan, Bali Tibetan presented by Tekin, and Nanzang translated by Japan.

2

An open-minded attitude made him live longer.

△ In 2000, Zong Qinghou was in front of the Louvre in Paris.

In his later years, Tsung i Jao still maintained exuberant creativity. Sometimes, he can write 10,000 words and dozens of poems a day.

For example, the birthday poem he wrote to Zhang Daqian in Nan Shan Yun took only half a day to create. A friend asked Zong I Rao: You are 100 years old, and your hands still feel strong. At this age, you are still full of energy. What are the skills of keeping in good health? He said, "Maybe you have a childlike innocence and you like to write calligraphy, which is very good for your health." Professor Rao has a soft spot for calligraphy. He can write "calligraphy in the air" on the bed and exercise with luck. This is a way of his daily fitness. He once told reporters: "He is sitting in a gourd now." The reporter is puzzled. He pointed out: "this is a sentence from a poet in the yuan dynasty:' a pot of heaven and earth is less than a melon.' Quiet and open-minded, happy physically and mentally, and naturally live long. "His longevity also benefits from his kindness to others and the beauty of adults.

When some junior students asked him for knowledge, he was enthusiastic and quick-thinking. He often said, "This is a sign that I am not old." Words are full of confidence. He used his own life experience to tell the essence of Buddhism: "Let go and see through. Everything is comfortable and comfortable. " Buddhism's attitude of "no self" and "impermanence" made Zong Zong establish a unique view of life and death. In Beyond the Pyramid: Death and Honey, he boldly revealed that Hutua regarded death as honey, briefly introduced Tsung i Jao, and based on this theme, he deeply thought about human life and death. He believes that the book of death is a heavenly book, and it is not easy to read. Later, he pointed out that Egyptians' concern and research on things after death turned a new page for human culture. Death is undoubtedly the most important subject of human civilization. Death is inevitable and not remote! It is generally believed that death is like poison, but death is like honey to semu people. The cultivation and pursuit of the wisdom of death once consumed the energy and brainpower of countless poets and religious scholars in the past. Persian poet wrote a famous sentence about death: "Fresh and pleasant. What about death? Is it also a stimulant or sugar? "

Tsung i Jao associated China people's views on life and death and Persian poets' views on death from the Egyptian Book of Death. He said: "In China, Confucianism put death aside and said lazily,' If you don't know life, how can you know death?' Death is completely erased! Zhuangzi's view of life and death is an equal view of life and death. He believes that life and death are a cyclical process, and he regards death as just a tail of life. Death has no important place in the hearts of China people, which leads to the extremely terrible disadvantages of paying too much attention to reality and only paying attention to the present. Southerners are most afraid of the homonym of "death" and "four" and dare not face the challenge of death. Among human beings, China is the nation that knows the least about' death', and even has no courage to study the problem of death, which shows the great spiritual difference between people! "

Tsung i Jao's new thinking and interpretation of China's traditional cultural phenomenon was made under the background of cultural comparison between China and foreign countries after he felt various cultural differences. This is a brand-new academic thinking in the study of Chinese studies, which is helpful to expand people's new understanding of the existing traditions and continuously extend the national cultural thinking in the development of the times. His attitude towards life not only absorbed the essence of China culture, such as Taoism, Buddhism and Confucianism, but also absorbed the ideological nutrients of giants such as Hipatia, Dante, Goethe, Keats, Nietzsche and Pascal.

Some people compare Zong Fuyu with Wang Guowei and Chen Yinque, and think that Zong Fuyu's academic achievements and ideological level are closer to Su Shi in Song Dynasty. Su Dongpo is not only a "new eye in the world" in literature and history poetry, but also the first of the four masters in Song Dynasty in calligraphy, and painting is the pioneering work of literati painting. Tsung i Jao's paintings are covered by his calligraphy reputation, and his calligraphy is covered by his academic talent. Su Shi is a person who hates things but not people, so is Zong Zhen. He can handle adversity calmly and has an open mind of "this peace of mind is his hometown".

In academic research, Tsung i Jao advocated "forbearance". Without patience, you cannot make progress. Zong I Rao's diligence was neither intentional nor forced. In adversity, he faced it positively and overcame all kinds of hardships with diligent attitude. In the face of honor, he treats it with a normal heart. Open-minded attitude makes him live longer and keep full of energy. Zong Yirao not only spent his 100 birthday with ease, but also greeted his 108 with confidence.

three

"The article is eternal, and the wind and rain are a hundred years."

It is a portrayal of his academic attitude.

△ In 2000, he and Professor Ji Xianlin were on the campus of Peking University.

Covering a wide range, people often feel that Wang Yang is boundless, which is second to none among contemporary scholars; In recent years, there have been various masters in China, and the master in Ji Xianlin's mind is him. -Ji Xianlin, a master of Chinese studies

Zong Qinghou believes that it is necessary for academic research to collect data, but it is unreasonable to collect data from different people. The most important thing is to have the spirit of hardship, not afraid of loneliness, use their unique tentacles to collect a large number of materials related to academic research content in detail, learn from each other's strengths, and then finely process the collected materials.

The materials collected by Zong Yirao at ordinary times are carefully preserved and put into paper clips or paper bags. He knows all about data collection and storage, and when using data, he can do it at his fingertips. In addition, he also uses the method of eyebrow criticism to write a little when he is free. After a long time, he moved his eyebrows to paper and arranged them into a complete article.

Zong Yirao's data collection is really comprehensive, and he even has the spirit of exhausting his resources and fishing. He finds problems and analyzes them, which is his unique feature-he has to choose the most "refined" part. If you are impatient, then obviously the conclusion is unreliable. He often mentioned that the fundamental method of Confucian textual research in Qing Dynasty was seeking truth from facts, not believing without a license. This method has had a great influence on him until now. He still thinks that the way of "evidence circulation" in Qing dynasty is very reasonable, and it is a work of grinding iron pestle into needles, and the knowledge gained on the basis of mastering such documents is solid and reliable.

Collecting information is a great learning, because Zong Yirao has always been patient and caring, so he never feels tired, and information seems to jump into Zong Yirao's eyes. For example, he wrote Epic of Opening the Near East, Tree of Chinese Characters, Album-History of Chinese Painting, and Old Xiangzi Jules Jiao Jian. He had to look through the relevant materials and find out the place, often exceeding the limit of ten lines. Without this method, it would take a lot of time and energy just to find information. He has collected all kinds of materials on the same issue, and collected them in the British Museum, the Library of Cambridge University and the Museum of Ethnology in Basel, Switzerland. He personally read the first-hand materials, sorted them out and compared them with each other. This solid learning method is still praised by academic circles.

Tsung i Jao thinks that academic research should pay attention to learning methods. He said that when people study, many of them start from the point, and he looks for contact from the top, bottom, left and right. Use rich imagination to explore the relationship between others' watching. If you want to have a rich imagination, you must have strength. If you want to have strength, you must learn. He often has to read a book many times, and every time he reads it, he will have new experiences and discoveries. After discovering the problem, he wrote down the material with a big piece of paper. Sometimes he casually reads a book and suddenly finds useful information, so he writes it down conveniently, using meeting notices, envelopes, rice paper and the like, and whatever he has, he writes it down, which is good information. Zong Qinghou used this method, and some domestic scholars did the same. For example, Mr. Ji Xianlin sometimes wrote materials on invitations or envelopes.

four

Characteristics of scholarship: profound, refined and novel.

△ Zong I Rao studied at home in the 1980s.

Tsung i Jao started his academic career at the age of 17, and his 80-year academic career can be divided into four stages. In his early years, he managed local chronicles, in his middle years, he managed traffic and unearthed documents. In his prime, he expanded his research focus from Chinese history to Indian, West Asian and even human civilization history, and devoted himself to the exploration of China's spiritual history in his later years.

His scholarship has three characteristics: the first is profound. Ji Xianlin summarized Zong Yi's academic works into eight aspects, namely, Dunhuang studies, Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Ci studies, history, bibliography, Chu Ci studies, archaeology and epigraphy, calligraphy and painting. From the Collection of Academic Works of Tsung i Jao in the Twentieth Century published by Taiwan Province New Style, it can be seen that Tsung i Jao's academic works have gone beyond the above eight aspects, including: historical tracing, Oracle bone inscriptions, bamboo and silk studies, Confucian classics, religious studies, history, history of Sino-foreign relations, Dunhuang studies, tidal studies, bibliography, literature, poetry, calligraphy and painting, literature and poetry.

In terms of language talent, Zong Yirao is proficient in English, French, German and Japanese, as well as Sanskrit and Hebrew (that is, initials). He was the first person to introduce the graphics and characters of the Indian Valley to China. He is also familiar with the ancient Chinese characters of ethnic minorities in China, such as Xixia, Nuzhen and Mongolian.

△ In the 1960s, I was in Switzerland with Demiwei.

In the most humane and civilized society, he is the most exemplary figure. -the famous French sinologist and Dunhuang scholar Paul demi Evill (Paul? Dai Miwei)

In terms of traditional literature, Xu Jialu, former vice chairman of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), said at Zong Rao's 90th birthday banquet that Mr. Rao was the only scholar who could master Sanzang (Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism). Knowing Sanzang like the back of your hand is great, and knowing Sanzang like the back of your hand is even better.

The second characteristic of Tsung i Jao's scholarship is the essence. His scholarship is characterized by the combination of movement and static, mutual proof of literature and things, and the blending of history and spirit. When Zong Yirao was a child, his father Rao E did Confucianism in the Han Dynasty and also learned to do Confucianism in the Qing Dynasty. Because of the contact with the original materials, I really felt the academic characteristics and ideological pulse of the Qing people. One of the most important figures is Gu, a Confucian scholar who started the mountain in the Qing Dynasty. The bright theme of applying what he has learned is deeply imprinted in young Tsung i Jao's mind. Ancient simple and inductive textual research methods and pioneering spirit are deeply inspired. Later, Zong Qinghou often went out to study, put what he learned into practice, and verified and expanded it. "Exquisiteness" is the spirit of scholarship in Qing Dynasty, and "abundant evidence" in "Pu Xue in Qing Dynasty" is the method of studying and scholarship that Zong Rao learned when he was young. The tradition of "accumulation" of Pu Xue in Qing Dynasty is the expression of "precision". In addition, Japanese academic circles attach great importance to the study style of "small topics", which has a great influence on him, and this is also the practice of "refinement". From the book "Orthodoxy in China's Historiography" written by Zong Zong in 1977, we can see that Zong Zong scientifically summed up the essence of China's historiography and made China's traditional historiography shine again in the new era. This book collects information about orthodoxy from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and reveals the important value of orthodoxy and the essence of historiography by "refining" the emergence and changes of orthodoxy in China history.

The third characteristic of Tsung i Jao's scholarship is novelty. Mainly in two aspects: First, Tsung i Jao walked in the forefront of academic trends in the 20th century from beginning to end. The academic circles have concluded that the academic trend of thought in the 20th century has gone through three stages: believing in the past, doubting the past and proving the past. It was in the environment of "believing in the past" that Zong I Rao laid his academic foundation in his adolescence. However, he did not blindly believe in the past. In his youth, Zong Qinghou began to accept the influence of "suspecting the past" and, driven by Gu Jiegang, engaged in the identification of the times and authenticity of ancient books. Since 1970s, hundreds of ancient books from the Warring States Period to the Qin and Han Dynasties have been unearthed in Chinese mainland. He lost no time in proposing the reconstruction of ancient history and always stood at the forefront of the trend of the times. Secondly, academic innovation, which is characterized by cutting into the edge of many old disciplines, opening up new support points and producing new disciplines. For example, "Xue Chao", "Comparative Prehistoric Philology" and "Stan Studies" were formed in this way. Tsung i Jao is an academic pioneer and an important promoter of Oracle bone inscriptions, bamboo slips and silk studies and Dunhuang studies, which are also called the three major schools in the world.

This abstract is selected from the book Zong Bairao-Oriental Cultural Coordinates (Chen) published by Huacheng Publishing House in 20 15. It is the only biography that Zong Bairao personally verified before his death. To adapt

Zongyirao series

Series of "Comments on Selected Poems"

-a poem that opens the universe after a thousand years.

Covering a wide range, people often feel that Wang Yang is boundless, which is second to none among contemporary scholars; In recent years, there have been various masters in China, and the master in Ji Xianlin's mind is him.

-Ji Xianlin, a master of Chinese studies

In the most humane and civilized society, he is the most exemplary figure.

-Paul Demi Evill, a famous French sinologist and Dunhuang scholar.

Professor Tsung i Jao is no different from a learned man. Appreciating his calligraphy and reading his poems, we can see that Professor Rao is a scholar of literature and art. Reading his research on classics, literature, history and philosophy of ancient books shows that Professor Rao is knowledgeable.

-Peter K.Bol, a famous scholar of China history at Harvard University.

If western sinologists read Professor Tsung i Jao's masterpiece, they will be as shocked by its vastness as Hebo sees the East China Sea.

-David Hawke, a famous sinologist and redologist at Oxford University, England

In the first half of the 20th century, Mr. Wang Guantang was the representative sinologist, and Mr. Rao Xuantang was to be cited in the second half.

—— Professor Ikeda, Honorary Professor of Tokyo University, Japan

Worship and Forgive —— Oriental Cultural Coordinates

Author: Chen

Rao Lao's only biography that he personally researched before his death.

Zong Yirao was born in a fragrant family, and he inherited his family's studies from an early age. His research method not only inherits the family origin, but also inherits the styles of two masters, Wang Guowei and Chen Yinque. Teenagers become prodigies of poetry and fu, and young people devote themselves to rural history and culture and initiate tide studies. After moving to Hong Kong, he engaged in teaching and research in Japan, India, Singapore, France and the United States. He is proficient in things and works, and has deep attainments in literature, history, philosophy, art and many other fields. He is the leader of learning from the East to the West and the teacher of European Sinology, and is known as the coordinate of oriental culture.

This book describes the life course of Zong Bairao, and systematically introduces the whole process of Zong Bairao's going to the world from the Han River. In addition to expounding the methods and characteristics of his academic research and artistic creation, he also introduced his secret of keeping in good health and many wonderful stories behind this world-class master.

Tsung i Jao's academic culture.

Author: Guo Weichuan

The author Guo Weichuan is a disciple of Mr. Tsung i Jao, a master of Chinese studies. He studied as a teacher for 28 years, and he has a deep understanding of Rao Gong's academic thoughts, achievements and contributions in many cultural fields, and also has a comprehensive understanding of China's famous artists in the 20th century. Therefore, when studying Mr. Tsung i Jao's profound academic culture, the author puts it in the historical exposition of the academic history of modern China, and makes an objective and relevant comparison with other scholars, so as to show the continuous academic progress of the times.

In addition, this book traces back to the source, and discusses Mr. Tsung i Jao's arduous course of research and art for more than 80 years, as well as the historical reasons why he became a master in these two fields. In addition to personal talent and academic ability, early family background and personnel opportunities are important contributions. This book also discusses Mr. Tsung i Jao's contribution and interesting stories in cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. Many achievements in the book are disclosed for the first time by the author after years of exploration and research, which helps readers to know more about Rao Xue.

Tsung i Jao's Works: Books in Books.

Editor: Chen

This book combs and displays all the books and works about Tsung i Jao since 1930s with pictures and texts. These include Tsung i Jao's academic works, editing collections, poetry collections, calligraphy and painting collections, etc. As well as Rao Xue's works and biographies of Tsung i Jao written by other scholars over the years.

This book is a collection of more than 200 books, each with a book shadow, including the title, publishing house, publishing time and content introduction, trying to make a unique monograph on Zongyi.

Tsung i Jao's Learning Art

Author: Chen

This book is a comprehensive summary of Tsung i Jao 1922, a master of Chinese studies, and records his life experiences and works in various periods in detail. The book is informative and rigorous in textual research. It is not only a biography of Zongyi's academic skills, but also an important reference for studying Zongyi's academic achievements. Based on the 20 1 1 edition, the revised edition corrects some mistakes in the original historical materials, supplements Zong Yirao's academic activities in recent two years, and makes the book more rigorous and meticulous.

Biography of Chaozhou sages

Author: Zong Yirao

Tsung i Jao, a master of Chinese studies, arranged in chronological order, from Dadian Zen Master in Tang Dynasty to Zeng Youcheng Fu Gang in Qing Dynasty, gave biographies of 30 Chaozhou sages, supplemented by portraits, and posted a bibliography of various aid documents at the end of the volume for reference. People-oriented, with Chaozhou celebrities as the axis, this book shows the historical and cultural corridor of Chaozhou with outstanding people, prosperous humanities and talented people, so that readers can have a systematic understanding of Chaozhou's history and culture.

Collection of Inscriptions and Postscripts of Zong Yirao's Paintings and Calligraphy

Editor: Tsung i Jao and Chen

Inscriptions and Postscripts are written in books, rubbings, calligraphy and painting works, stories, textual research versions, origins and so on. They are a special style in China's ancient literature. Because of their accuracy, they can best reflect the author's intellectual spirit. This book contains about 700 epigrams written by Tsung i Jao, a master of Chinese studies, from the early 1950s to 20 13, spanning 60 years, covering painting, calligraphy and literary works. This is the first collection of Tsung i Jao's aphorisms in China. There are more than 40 full-color printed works of Zong I Rao's paintings and calligraphy in the book, which are beautifully produced and illustrated.

The genre of Tsung i Jao's inscription and postscript includes prose, poetry and ci. , covering astronomy, geography, customs, landscapes, history, philosophy, etc. It not only expresses the meaning in painting and calligraphy, but also expresses the meaning beyond painting and calligraphy. Inscriptions and paintings are full of essence, which is the perfect combination of art and literature.

My humble opinion on choosing a hall to visit the ancient times and taking photos to forgive learning

Author: Zeng Xiantong

1980, Zong Yirao (Xuantang) attended the third academic seminar on ancient Chinese characters in Chengdu, and then went to all parts of the country for academic investigation, which lasted nearly three months. He visited eleven provinces and cities, visited thirty-three museums, and came into contact with a large number of newly unearthed cultural relics and archaeological materials. This visit to ancient times is Tsung i Jao's first extensive and in-depth investigation in China, and it is his practice and sublimation in the academic and artistic fields. The author Zeng Xiantong accompanied Tsung i Jao to record the details of this trip in detail, and attached nearly 60 photos of Zhang Zhengui's memoir, which is of great historical commemorative value.