[Keywords:] College Chinese teaching students' humanistic quality
[Author's Brief Introduction] Zhang (1969-), female, from Nankang, Jiangxi, lecturer of College of Arts, Yichun University, with a master's degree. Her research interests are college Chinese teaching research and higher education management; Zhang Jun (1969-), male, born in Fengcheng, Jiangxi Province, secretary of the General Party Branch of the School of Political Science and Law of Yichun University, lecturer, whose research interests are higher education and college Chinese teaching. (Yichun, Jiangxi 336000)
【 China Library Classification Number 】 G642.0 【 Document Identification Number 】 A 【 Document Number 】1004-3985 (2006) 35-0102-02
First, the problems of contemporary college students' humanistic quality
1. Ideals and beliefs are diluted. Many college students lack lofty ideals and firm beliefs, lack a sense of responsibility and dedication to the country, nation and society, and have serious thoughts of utilitarianism, money worship and individualism. There is no strong enterprising spirit and persistent belief in the goal of major choice, course study and career choice, and personal ideals and interest needs are no longer used as the driving force to motivate talents. It is the basic goal of life to make a living by mixing diplomas, earn rich income or work hard to go abroad. Many people even regard economic scale as the only coordinate to guide personal behavior, and move with profits. Others muddle along, without the goal and direction of study and life.
2. The loss of national spirit. College students have a superficial understanding of the Chinese nation's thousands of years of long history, fine traditions, excellent culture and scientific and technological development, and little knowledge of the great contribution of Chinese culture in the history of world civilization development. Many students haven't read the four classic works, and some students don't even know four great inventions of ancient china, but they have shown an unprecedented pursuit of western culture.
3. Personality and psychology are not perfect. The traditional definitions of beauty and ugliness, good and evil, elegance and vulgarity, and moral standards are misplaced among some college students. On the university campus, there are quite a few students with uncivilized behavior and low taste in life. Pursuing personal freedom and weak sense of discipline; Weak will and poor psychological endurance; Self-centered, lacking self-cultivation in interpersonal communication; I have a superficial understanding of the meaning of life and lack the ability to distinguish beauty, ugliness, good and evil. In recent years, Tsinghua University student Liu Haiyang incident, Yunnan University student Ma Jiajue incident and college student theft incidents have been reported from time to time. These distressing phenomena are the result of China's neglect of humanistic quality education for many years, which should arouse our sufficient attention and reflect on the standard of "talents".
4. Lack of humanistic common sense. For a long time, China's middle schools implemented exam-oriented education, and high schools began to divide subjects, which hindered the all-round development of people. The division of majors in university stage is too fine and the caliber of majors is too narrow, which leads to weak humanities education and unreasonable knowledge structure of students. As Mr. Yang Shuzi, president of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, said: The cultural accomplishment is too weak, which makes students' humanistic quality not high; Too narrow professional teaching makes students' academic vision and academic foundation not wide; Excessive utilitarian orientation makes students lack all-round quality training and solid basic training; Too strong * * * constraints make students' personality development insufficient. Many students have a little knowledge of literature, history, philosophy and art, but they don't even have the most basic literary common sense and the most basic art appreciation ability. Some college students don't understand the arts and sciences in writing papers, and they are full of typos, and even can't understand the notes on leave. When Qian Weichang was the president of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, he pointed out that improving college students' cultural and artistic literacy is helpful to improve their knowledge structure, emphasizing that "science and engineering students must also understand humanities and have certain literary and artistic accomplishments, otherwise it may cause undue losses to the four modernizations."
Second, the cultivation function of humanistic quality in college Chinese teaching
1. Patriotism education in college Chinese teaching. Patriotism education is the main theme of cultural quality education, and it is also a red line running through college Chinese textbooks. Qu Yuan's Ode to an Orange entrusts his deep affection for his native land, Sima Qian's Biography of Su Wu portrays a mighty and unyielding patriot, Wen Tianxiang's Songs of Righteousness shows the heroic spirit of the previous generation, and Shu Ting's Motherland, My Dear Motherland closely links deep and sincere feelings with the historical destiny of the motherland, and so on. These works eulogize the ardent patriotic feelings and ardent patriotic feelings of outstanding figures in past dynasties. Some works praising the magnificent mountains and rivers of the motherland are also selected in the textbook, such as Li Daoyuan's vivid description of the majestic Yellow River, Li Bai's extraordinary Shu Road and the magnificence of Lushan Mountain, Du Fu's vast Mount Tai and the sinking of the Yangtze River, which all give people high-spirited strength; Zhu Ziqing's Moonlight on the Lotus Pond and He Jingzhi's Landscape in Guilin both give people beautiful reverie ... These excellent literary works are rich in humanistic thoughts and have strong artistic appeal, which can broaden students' minds, purify their souls, enhance their national pride and self-confidence, stimulate their thoughts and feelings of loving the motherland, turn them into motivation for learning, strengthen their ideals and beliefs, study hard and serve the motherland.
2. Cultivation of sound personality in college Chinese teaching. In the tide of market economy, driven by multiple interests, how to teach young and confused college students to be a person with sound personality is a sensitive and realistic urgent problem in contemporary education. We should make full use of the advantages of college Chinese teaching, and explain the Tao with the text and the text with the Tao. Although there are not many words in the textbook College Chinese, it condenses the essence of Confucianism, especially the discussion on how to be a man. Every sentence shines with the light of truth: "People don't believe and don't know what they can do." What is emphasized here is that honesty is the foundation of everyone; "A gentleman never goes against his will, and mistakes are inevitable." This is a warning to the gentleman that you can't leave the beautiful virtue at any time and anywhere; "Wealth can't be lewd, poverty can't be moved, and power can't be bent." This kind of "gentleman's" moral integrity shows an upright and upright personality ideal. Another example is that Sima Qian was humiliated by the disaster of Liling, but he completed the writing of Historical Records with tenacious will. He also used incisive language to list the historical figures who rose in the tribulation: "Ge Xibo was arrested, played Zhouyi, Zhong Niou wrote Chunqiu, and Qu Yuan was exiled, but he was given to Li Sao, who was blind, and his grandson was an illegitimate son. How to face setbacks, rise in adversity, and educate students with these examples is convincing and shocking. " Indifferent and clear, quiet and far-reaching "is a portrayal of the philosophical mentality of the ancients." Su Shi was the most comprehensive literary master in ancient China. While we see his glory and brilliance, we also see that he is the most painful one. But in the face of the hardships of life, he can deal with it with detachment, such as "Ding Feng", "Don't listen to the sound of leaves beating in the Woods, why not sing and walk slowly? "Bamboo poles and sandals are more flexible than riding a horse. What's terrible? A misty rain is a lifetime. " The broad and elegant feelings expressed between the lines and the face-up to the difficulties of life are particularly enlightening. Educating students to enrich their minds in this state can calmly deal with various problems that may be encountered in life, enhance their psychological quality, form a sound personality, and establish a spirit of self-esteem, self-improvement, optimism and enterprising.
3. Aesthetic education in college Chinese teaching. Aesthetic ability is the basic quality requirement that contemporary college students should have. The outstanding literary works selected by College Chinese are the combination of natural beauty, artistic beauty and social life, with beautiful images, beautiful language, beautiful artistic conception and beautiful emotions. Some short chapters, a novel and a poem about life can inspire college students to pursue truth, goodness and beauty, and abandon falsehood, ugliness and ugliness, thus cultivating college students' healthy aesthetic taste and enhancing their ability to feel, appreciate and create beauty. For example, the simplicity and elegance of The Book of Songs and Songs of the South; The wisdom and broadness of a hundred schools of thought contend; The grandeur of the Qin and Han Dynasties; The natural character in Wei and Jin Dynasties; Harmony and elegance of Tang poetry; The elegance and agility of Song Ci ... not only has the realm of "picking chrysanthemums under the hedge, leisurely seeing Nanshan", but also has the ethereal beauty of "moonlight in the pine forest and crystal stone in the stream"; There are both the grandeur of the river of no return and the implicit euphemism of the search; There are both the generous elegy of "the wind blows and the water cools, and the strong men are gone forever" and the enthusiastic chant of "counting romantic figures and looking forward to the present". Another example is Su Shi's "Thousand Cliffs Fu", which expresses emotion on the spot, confides in the heart, blends scenes, combines reason and interest, presents artistic conception, and puts profound philosophy in beautiful images; Xu Zhimo's Farewell to Cambridge has chosen several representative images, used clever and appropriate metaphors, and integrated emotion and scenery, with rich and beautiful artistic conception. In the teaching of Zhang's "Moonlit Night on a Spring River", teachers and students can fully integrate into the realm of poetry, deeply feel the warmth and warmth of spring, the vastness of rivers, the beauty and fragrance of flowers, the bright charm of the moon and the tranquility of the night in nature, and enjoy the beauty in the beautiful artistic realm created by the author. These works can make students' aesthetic feelings arise spontaneously and be influenced and edified by beauty, thus encouraging students to love life, find the inspiration of beauty, discover the true meaning of beauty and create a better life.
4. College Chinese teaching helps college students to improve their knowledge structure. Nowadays, science in the world is developing in the direction of integration, and the demand for talents in society tends to be diversified and integrated. Mr. Qian Zhaolin said: "It is very meaningful for science and engineering universities to offer courses in literature and history so that students can read some China literature." Our hardworking and wise ancestors left a brilliant literary legacy to future generations. From The Book of Songs to Tang Poetry, Song Ci and Yuan Qu, it is a great stream of classical poetry. From the prose of pre-Qin philosophers to the works of eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, a rainbow of ancient Chinese literature was set up. From Romance of the Three Kingdoms to A Dream of Red Mansions, the novel reached its peak. From Dou Eyuan to Peach Blossom Fan, the cornerstone of traditional drama has been paved, and excellent works are beautiful. Science and engineering students can wander around these excellent literary works, enrich their knowledge, adjust their interests, broaden their horizons, broaden their minds, improve their cultivation and cultivate their temperament. Some successful scientists have long noticed the in-laws between literature, art and science and set an example. They have high attainments in literature and art, such as the older generation of scientists such as Qian Xuesen, Li Siguang, Hua, Mao Yisheng and Su. Their profound knowledge of Chinese language and complete humanistic education are beyond the reach of later scientists. It can be said that literary literacy has inspired their creation and inserted wings for their rational thinking and scientific career. Implementing the training mode of arts and sciences infiltration for science and engineering students is conducive to perfecting their knowledge structure and making them become talents with wide knowledge, strong comprehensive ability and high comprehensive quality.
Third, strengthen and improve college Chinese teaching in all directions
1. Choose a famous teacher to teach. The teaching effect of a course is closely related to teachers' teaching ability. Because of the particularity of teaching content, college Chinese requires teachers to have profound knowledge and high literary accomplishment. The same literary works can be brilliant because of the master's speech, but also boring because of mediocre preaching. At the beginning of the 20th century, college Chinese had a fine tradition of being taught by famous teachers. In old Tsinghua and old Peking University, college Chinese requires a lot of teachers, and non-first-class teachers can't teach it. For example, Zhu Ziqing, Shen Congwen, Lv Shuxiang, Wen Yiduo and other famous scholars have taught Freshman Chinese, and they lead students to roam freely in the ocean of literature. Therefore, it is the key to strengthen college Chinese teaching, train a group of high-level college Chinese teachers and choose famous teachers as much as possible.
2. Choose the teaching content. There is a contradiction between rich teaching content and limited class hours in college Chinese teaching, so we must choose the teaching material content. On the basis of instructing students to do extensive reading after class, classroom teaching should carefully choose the teaching content, and select the most representative articles according to different times or contents, so that students can appreciate the rich ideological content, exquisite artistry and superb skills of the works, and then stimulate students' interest in learning. When they are led into the literary palace and feel the splendor of this vast world, their desire for knowledge and sense of participation will be greatly enhanced.
3. Improve teaching methods. "College Chinese" is not "Senior Four Chinese". Many college Chinese teachers' teaching methods and modes are out of date. They often put their teaching on the general explanation of choosing words, using words, making sentences, paragraphs and articles, and dismember an article full of aura and beauty, just like middle school teaching, which makes students bored. Middle school Chinese teaching focuses on instrumentality, while college Chinese teaching focuses on the analysis and appreciation of works, so that students can distinguish the interest of literature, understand the humanistic meaning and appreciate the beauty of China literature.
4. Reform the evaluation method. In the teaching reform, we must play the role of encouragement and guidance of examination and evaluation in order to finally get good results. At present, many colleges and universities still follow the form of closed-book examination in primary and secondary schools, paying attention to the assessment of basic Chinese knowledge, which can allow students to express their thoughts on fewer topics, "one paper for life", which is obviously not conducive to the comprehensive cultivation of humanistic quality function in college Chinese teaching and to the development of students' personality and creativity. You can consider combining the examination papers at the end of the course with the usual exams, each accounting for about 50%; Usually, the assessment takes lecture notes, reading experience and writing practice as the assessment content, and pays attention to the cultivation of students' understanding and reading and writing ability, so that the examination plays a good guiding role in teaching.
The humanistic quality education function of college Chinese teaching determines its position and role in all-round quality education for college students. Colleges and universities should give full play to the function and role of this course, strengthen the cultivation of college students' humanistic quality, and then promote the improvement of college students' all-round quality.
[References]
[1] Department of Higher Education, State Education Commission. College Chinese [M]. Beijing: Renmin University of China Press, 1996.
[2] Xu Zhongyu. College Chinese (4th Edition) [M]. Shanghai: East China Normal University Press, 1987.
[3] Wang, with. College Chinese [M]. Nanjing: Nanjing University Press, 2003.