The integration of floating population into urban communities is the key to promote the urbanization of rural population, realize the smooth transfer of rural surplus labor force, and finally realize the pattern of urban-rural integration, and is the foundation of building a harmonious urban society. The following is an analysis of social work intervention in the integration of floating population and urban community. Welcome to read and browse.

One is the lack of integration of floating population into urban communities.

(A) the isolation of living space.

Residential segregation means that urban residents live in specific areas with similar characteristics due to differences in race, religion, living habits, cultural level or wealth, and different groups are isolated from each other, resulting in segregation, and some even have discriminatory or hostile attitudes (Huang Yi, 200 1). The residential segregation of floating population is manifested in the types of residential communities: first, local special communities, such as Beijing? Xinjiang village? And then what? Zhejiang village? . This kind of floating population gathering area has a distinct geographical relationship, and there are generally poor living conditions and crowded and chaotic layout. Secondly, the marginal communities that have emerged one after another, that is, the communities in the urban-rural fringe, exist in the form of patches or clusters (shared by many floating population). This kind of community has a low cost of living, which is the life choice of most immigrants with low professional level and income level. Finally, the mixed residential community in the city is the choice community of the higher income class in the floating population. They live scattered among the local residents in the city, and the cost of living and living is relatively high. The first two places of residence are the living forms of most floating population, while the latter is a minority.

(2) the isolation of social interaction.

The social network of floating population is one of the indicators to measure whether it is integrated into urban communities.

Most studies show that the social interaction of floating population is involuted and closed, that is, the object of communication is still the primary social group with blood and geography as the main body. Qi Xin's research proves that the primary relationship of migrant workers based on blood relationship and geographical relationship constitutes the psychological community and strong connection in the social network (Qi Xin, 2008). Zhang Zhanxin and others found through the investigation and study of six cities including Beijing that when the floating population encountered difficulties, the object of help was mainly fellow villagers, and the circle of friends was mainly working companions and fellow villagers. This is a primary social relationship structure with blood and geography as the core. It is an extension of the traditional rural concept in modern cities (Zhang Zhanxin et al., 2009). These floating population living in urban communities have little or no contact with urban residents, so they are relatively closed? Pan-family? Cultural and social communication mode

(3) Isolated community support.

Under normal circumstances, individuals can give spiritual and material support and help through the social interaction of family members, relatives and friends, neighbors, colleagues, groups and organizations. However, when the floating population leaves their hometown, the social support provided by the original neighborhood and acquaintance society is lacking, and their negative social evaluation and difficulty in accepting urban residents make it difficult for the floating population to establish a support network established by weak relationships, and only rely on limited strong relationships such as blood relationship and geographical relationship to provide partial support. What's more, when the floating population leaves their registered residence, the institutional support provided by the original regional community organization system is lacking, resulting in organizational vacancy or not? No organization? State. At the same time, it is difficult to establish a new community support system because of the residential isolation, communication isolation, mobility uncertainty and institutional obstacles of the floating population.

Isolation of social participation.

The social participation and isolation of floating population are manifested in two aspects: First, political participation. Xiong Guang celebrates and so on. Through the investigation of several cities in five provinces and cities, such as Beijing, Guangdong, Hubei, Zhejiang and Chongqing, it is found that the political participation of urban floating population in China is far lower than that of urban registered population in terms of members of political parties, trade unions and non-governmental organizations, participation in urban election activities and political activities in residential communities, and democratic management of units or communities (Xiong Guangqing, 2009). Secondly, cultural participation. Migrant workers seldom participate in community cultural and sports activities and use community cultural facilities, and their autonomy in participating in community culture is low (Hua Yao Equality, 2006).

Second, the floating population is not integrated into the urban community reasons

(A) the dual structure of urban mosaic.

The urban-rural dual household registration system and various social welfare systems derived from it, as well as the urban-rural dual culture formed on the geographical basis for a long time, divide China into two completely different plates, which constitute a unique social state in China. The urbanization of the floating population's regional space has not changed the dual structure, but made the dual social structure move rapidly and integrate into the urban social life, and the undigested and adapted urban communities were excluded and isolated.

(B) the floating population's own reasons.

Although the floating population is an elite group in terms of age and education level, the long-term cultural differences between urban and rural areas and the differences in the possession of educational resources make the quality of the floating population lower than that of the urban population, and their inferiority complex is the mirror image of most floating population groups. Low self-evaluation, heavy sense of inferiority, active exclusion from urban groups, lack of active communication ability and subjective participation consciousness in urban group life.

(3) Cognitive bias of urban residents.

Urban employment and social security system make citizens form aristocratic tendency and develop inert mentality. Self-evaluation is high, but there is disagreement, prejudice and even discrimination against the floating population. Do you think floating population? Don't pay attention to hygiene education, children make noise and fight? What do you think of floating population living in cities? Is not conducive to social security, worsen the living environment, and reduce local employment opportunities? And other negative effects (Zhang Zhanxin et al., 2009). Floating population groups are passively excluded from urban groups.

(D) the lack of urban community functions.

Traditional communities have the functions of mutual assistance, emotional support and community integration. However, what about the living mode of high-rise buildings in urban communities and individuals? Invasion? What was the way to live in the community before? The acquaintance social residential area is mainly composed of? Stranger? The traditional neighborhood relationship has been diluted and destroyed in the residential community. Lack of communication and exchange between people, reduced interaction, lack of community trust, lack of sense of identity and belonging among community residents, and failure to form a fusion of values? Psychological community? , failed to complete the social integration function of the community.

These problems faced by the contemporary floating population in integrating into urban communities are difficult to solve only by the institutional path. The new stage of harmonious community construction needs new working ideas and scientific working methods. Social work is a kind of work to help people, solve social problems, and help the poor, the elderly, the sick and the disabled and other unfortunate people in society. Prevent and solve some social problems caused by economic difficulties or unhealthy lifestyles; Carry out community services, improve social functions, improve the level of social welfare and the quality of social life, achieve harmony between individuals and society, and promote social stability and development (Wang Sibin, 2004). Social work, as a scientific working method, revolves around the core idea of helping others and helping themselves, takes the needs of community members and social problems as the guidance, and uses professional social work methods such as case work, group work and community work to solve the problems existing in the construction of harmonious communities.

Third, social work is involved in the path of floating population's integration into urban communities.

(1) Promote the change and implementation of community policies.

The institutional focus of the floating population's integration into urban communities lies in the fact that the floating population failed to enter the community as an equal because of their identity distance and various social welfare differences, and was not recognized and accepted by urban community managers and community residents. With the development of urbanization and industrialization, the pace of floating population moving into cities is increasing. While making efforts for the development of cities, they also hope to get all kinds of fair social treatment, otherwise this gap and psychological imbalance will accumulate to a certain extent and become social unstable factors. However, as a vulnerable group in urban life, it is difficult for the floating population to change the status quo on its own, and it is also difficult for the community itself to meet the needs of the changing community, which requires state intervention. Community policy is an important part of national policy, and its main policy objective is to deal with community problems, effectively meet the changing needs of communities and realize social integration (Xu Yongxiang, 2004). Community workers can assess the social interest needs of the floating population by listening to the wishes of the floating population and understand the community welfare guarantee that the floating population needs at present. At the same time, they can conduct community analysis on the basis of community investigation, grasp the community management problems in areas where floating population lives, further discover the needs of floating population living in communities, assist and promote the construction and implementation of relevant community policies, establish community institutional arrangements suitable for all community residents, and increase the emotional closeness and mutual recognition of various groups in community life.

(2) Promote the capacity building of floating population.

The first is the ability to safeguard and realize their own rights and interests: the rural floating population is at the bottom of the social interest differentiation structure and is also a marginal group of institutional arrangements. In most cases, they can't express, are not good at or don't know how to express their interests. Social workers can be obtained by guiding and helping individuals, families, groups and communities of floating population to participate in decision-making, so that all sectors of society can finally accept and recognize their rights and status (Yang Yunfeng. Improve the ability of floating population groups to obtain their own rights. The second is to improve the adaptability of urban life: the urban life of floating population is a re-socialization process with urban community as the carrier, and it needs to learn new life skills, including urban lifestyle, thinking and communication methods, and behaviors in daily life. Social workers can use the professional methods of social work such as individual cases and small groups to cultivate the floating population's psychological adjustment ability in the face of various life difficulties, learn to accept and adapt to the city's lifestyle and values, correct their negative self-evaluation caused by the social status gap, establish self-confidence, cultivate self-efficacy, and urge them to narrow the differences with urban residents, so as to smoothly integrate into urban society.

(3) Create interactive space and increase the exchange practice between floating population and local residents.

The gap between urban and rural areas caused by the different cultural backgrounds of floating population and urban residents and the unfair social reality of long-term dual structure have caused certain cognitive deviation and misunderstanding between the two groups, making it difficult for floating population to integrate into urban communities from the aspects of social acceptance and psychological identity of themselves and others. There is obvious social isolation in community life in the same city, such as residential isolation and communication isolation, and the most effective way to change cognitive bias is through communication and interaction between the two groups. Marx believes that communicative practice is the bridge and intermediary for the establishment of various social relations, and organizational behavior theory also believes that physical distance is the key variable affecting interpersonal relations. Social workers can evaluate the communication needs of various groups in the community and the needs of building a harmonious community, analyze all kinds of material and cultural resources available in the community, respond to the problems of community integration living in community groups, plan various community interaction activities, and build a platform for community groups to increase social communication. For example, using community open space to mobilize community members including floating population to organize various cultural and sports activities, establishing social non-governmental organizations to meet various participation and welfare needs of various groups, or using network resources to create various sections to publicize the contribution of urban floating population groups, promoting communication and interaction between two groups in the community through network communication, increasing opportunities for mutual understanding, promoting integration between groups, and building social identity between the two groups.

(D) to create a new urban community management model.

As a huge group, floating population lives in various living communities in the city. For urban residents, the involvement of these strange groups has brought them all kinds of discomfort and insecurity, which undoubtedly broke the original social life order. Moreover, as a special group, the floating population's dispersion, frequent mobility, strong concealment, mutual isolation, mutual discord and disharmony have brought many challenges to social management. Before? Two-level government, three-level management and four-level network? This traditional, single administrative and unitized top-down community management system is difficult to adapt to more complex modern mixed community types and? People-oriented? The new goal of social management in building a harmonious society. The psychological belonging and community identity of floating population is the key to community management. Therefore, community management should change from the prevention and standardized management of floating population to the modern management mode of guiding, educating, participating and providing perfect community services. Social work can intervene and create various community service agencies for floating population, mobilize social resources to provide them with professional guidance in employment introduction, legal aid, re-socialization, self-help and self-reliance, and also help community management departments to discover and cultivate elites among floating population. Drive and mobilize all community members to participate in community public affairs, build ways for floating population to participate in community management and community autonomy, cultivate floating population's sense of community subject and responsibility through public participation, and establish a diversified and mutually constructed community management model.

References:

[1l Zhang Zhanxin et al. Floating population in urban communities: a survey of six cities including Beijing [M] Beijing: Social Science Literature Publishing House, 2009, (7).

【 2l Xiong Guangqing. A Study on the Political Exclusion of Floating Population in China [M]. Beijing: Renmin University of China Press, 2009, (4).

[3] Lirong Shi. Looking at the urban integration of migrant workers through the community [J]. New horizons, 2005(4).

[4] Huang Yi. Residential segregation in the process of housing industrialization: taking Shanghai as an example [J]. Modern Urban Studies, 200 1, (4).

[5] Equality in Hua Yao. Community cultural participation of urban migrant workers and its related factors [J]. Theory and Reform, 2006, (3).

[6] Wang Sibin. Introduction to Social Work, Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2004.

[7] Xu Yongxiang. Community work [M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2004.

[8] Yang Yunfeng. On the Spiritual Shaping of Migrant Workers and the Responsive Intervention of Social Work [J]. Gansu Social Sciences, 2007, (5).

[9] Qi Xin. Towards a Limited Functional Community: Social Network Analysis of a Urban Residential Area [D]. Peking University's doctoral thesis, 2008.

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