The British sculptor Henry Spencer Moore (1July 30, 898-65438+August 3 1 0986) is one of the most famous sculptors in the world in the 20th century.
Henry moore is famous for his large bronze sculptures and marble sculptures. The Bed Picture (195 1 year) exhibited by Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge shows a highly concise and abstract female image, which is a typical representative of Moore's sculpture style.
Henry moore's representative works include Reclining Human Form, Family Portrait, King and Queen, etc. In order to commemorate the establishment of the first nuclear reactor "Chicago Reactor-1", henry moore specially designed and made the "Nuclear Energy" monument, from 1963-1967, which is now erected on the campus of the University of Chicago.
Chinese name: Henry Spencer Moore.
mbth:henryspencermore
Place of birth: West Yorkshire, England, UK
Date of birth:1July 30, 898
Date of death: 1986 August 3 1.
Occupation: sculptor
Graduate school: Leeds University, Royal College of Art..
Major achievements: British national treasure sculpture master
Representative works: recumbent figure, mother and child, etc.
life experience
Personal life
Moore 1898 was born on July 30th in Castleford, West Yorkshire, England, England, ranking seventh among eight brothers and sisters. His father is Raymond Spencer Moore and his mother is Mary Becker. Moore's father was a mining engineer, and later he became the deputy manager of the Whildar Coal Mine in Kasofford. He is self-taught and interested in music and literature. But he thinks his children need a formal education. At the age of 1 1, Moore planned to be a sculptor in the future and was encouraged by the Sunday school teacher. The teacher introduced the works of Michelangelo to Moore. Although Moore's clay sculpture and wood carving in middle school showed his potential, Moore's parents opposed his career in sculpture. They think that sculptures are only handmade works.
19 17 mol 18 years old. At that time, World War I was in full swing, and Moore was drafted into the army and became the youngest soldier in his regiment. In the battle of Cambre, Moore was wounded by gas bombs. After his recovery, he served as a sports coach until the end of the war. Obviously different from his contemporaries, Moore's war experience did not cast a shadow over him. He later mentioned: "For me, the war was spent in the romantic imagination of trying to be a hero." After the war, Moore continued his education as a veteran.
19 19, he became the first student majoring in sculpture at Leeds University, and a sculpture studio was specially built for him.
192 1 year, Moore won a scholarship to enter the Royal College of Art (RCA) in London, and Hepworth also enrolled in 1920. During his stay in London, Moore expanded his knowledge of primitive art and sculpture, and studied the ethnographic collections of Victoria and Albert Museum and British Museum.
1924, Moore won a six-month scholarship to study the works of ancient masters such as Michelangelo and Giotto in northern Italy. As Moore has started his rebellion against the classical tradition, the influence of this experience on his personal style is still unclear. However, he often mentioned Michelangelo's influence on him in his later years.
From 65438 to the early 1930s, Moore became the head of the sculpture department of Chelsea Art School. In terms of art, Moore, Hepworth and other members of the 7 and 5 societies developed a more abstract style of work. They often go to Paris and are influenced by French artists Picasso, [〔georgebraque〕], Alp and giacometti. Here, Moore tried surrealism.
The outbreak of World War II interrupted Moore's creative period, Chelsea Art School was evacuated to Northampton, and Moore resigned as a teacher. He became a war artist and created a series of influential paintings, which reflected London's escape from bombing in the subway. These paintings have won Moore more international fame, especially in America.
1940, Moore's home in hampstead was destroyed in the bombing, and he and Elena moved to a farm outside London. Since then, Moore has lived and worked here. Although Moore later became quite rich, his residence didn't change much except expanding his studio. His retrospective exhibitions have been held all over the world, the largest of which is in FortediBelvedere, Florence, 1972.
At the end of 1970, his works were exhibited nearly 40 times a year. With the rapid growth of wealth, Moore began to think about his legacy. With the help of his daughter Mary, he established the henry moore Trust Fund on 1972 to prevent his property from being affected by inheritance tax. From 65438 to 0977, he established the henry moore Foundation, with Irina and Mary as trustees. The goal of the foundation is to promote public protection of art and Moore's works. The foundation uses Moore's former residence and studio in hoagland as galleries and museums. The Foundation is also responsible for managing henry moore College in Leeds and supporting the promotion and research of international sculpture creation.
Moore was awarded the British Companion Medal and the Medal of Honor in 1955 and 196 1 respectively. He is the trustee of the National Art Gallery and the Ted Art Gallery. Moore1August 3, 9861died at home at the age of 88.
Personal experience
1898 was born in Yorkshire, England on July 30th.
1920 became the first student in the sculpture department of Leeds University.
192 1 won the scholarship of the Royal College of Art in London.
The first sculpture of "Mother and Child" was created in 1922.
1923 won a scholarship from the Royal Academy of Art and became a sculpture tutor there.
1930 was named "Contemporary British Sculptor" by the London Architectural Union Daily.
193 1, became the head of Chelsea Art College.
The works of 1934 were collected by American museums for the first time and are now in the new york Museum of Modern Art.
1942 became a member of the artists' group of the Music Art Promotion Association (1946 later became the British Arts Council).
1943 solo exhibition abroad for the first time (new york)
1945 was awarded the honorary doctorate of literature from Leeds University.
From 65438 to 0948, he became a member of the Royal Arts Council and was elected honorary president of the Royal Institute of Architecture. Won the Venice Biennale International Sculpture Award.
1953 won the International Sculpture Award of the 2nd Sao Paulo Biennale.
1959 won the Foreign Minister Award of the 5th Tokyo International Art Exhibition.
196 1 became a member of the American Academy of Arts and Literature.
1962 was awarded the Medal of Excellence.
1964 was awarded a special medal by the American Institute of Architecture.
1966 became a member of the British Academy.
1967 received an honorary doctorate from the Royal College of Art in London.
1968 was awarded the Outstanding Person Award by the Federal Republic of Germany.
1969 became an honorary member of the Vienna Separatist School.
The retrospective exhibition of henry moore was held in Florence on 1972 and was opened by His Highness Princess Margaret.
1974 Opening of henry moore Sculpture Center of Ontario Art Museum.
1977 the opening ceremony of henry moore foundation was held.
1980 was awarded by the Federal Republic of Germany as an outstanding person of Great Klaus.
1986 August 3 1 died at home at the age of 88.
Main work
Moore is famous for his large bronze sculptures and marble sculptures, and is highly respected by British art circles. His works occupy a place in English modernist art.
Links to works:
Tilt image (1)
Inclined image (2)
Family group image
king
Mother and child
"Chicago No.1 Reactor" Monument-Nuclear Energy
social influence
Under the constant definition of art critics, the works of the late sculptor henry moore (1898- 1986) are full of imagination of female bodies, such as those famous "reclining female bodies", and Moore's works contain many implications. Henry moore, as the most famous and important sculptor in Britain, is regarded as a tight-lipped Yorkshire man, because his works are as gentle and concise as his temperament. After World War I, henry moore became a "superstar artist" and created many great works, which were rebuilt in important post-war areas, such as Harlow and Steve Nech, two British new towns. Twenty-four years after his death, no one expected that his works were still "popular" and even lacked some critical suggestions.
1988, two years after his death, a memorial exhibition of the Royal Academy of Art was held. As one of the most important artists in Britain, the exhibition has never stopped since then. RichardCalvocoressi, director of the henry moore Foundation, said, "In the past 30 years, we have exhibited all over the world, such as China, Brazil and the United States, but this time is undoubtedly the most important. It is not a simple review, but inspiring. " In fact, replicas of henry moore can be seen everywhere, even on those postcards. Some critics bluntly said that these "popular myths" made henry moore a "hypocrite" because the "new" information leaked by the curator once again enhanced henry moore's popularity. Some critics believe that "it is unknown whether the artist himself wants this, but at least, according to his personality, he should not want to see his works mechanically copied on those pieces of paper, just as Bacon and richard hamilton are constantly copied."
Artistic feature
early stage
When he was young, henry moore worshipped modernist sculptors such as Epstein, Bolgert Ska, Broncusi and Picasso. He also tried his best to pursue a constructivist way of thinking, and was once interested in surrealist subconscious expression. By observing the organic forms in nature (such as crustaceans, bones, stones, roots, etc. ), he understands the relationship between space and form, the influence of natural forces on form, etc., so as to make his works conform to the laws of natural forces as much as possible. He said: "There are asymmetric laws in nature. The smooth pebbles washed by waves show asymmetric laws of stone loss and wear." "The joints of trees strongly and naturally twist the trunk from one direction to another. They are ideal wood carvings. " At the same time, he kept learning from primitive art. He said, "The most prominent feature of all primitive arts is their vitality. This is a reproduction of people's direct feelings about life. " Therefore, in his creation, he first pursues the texture of the object and retains the original aesthetic feeling of the material. He would rather ask for a sculpture that looks like a "living" stone or tree trunk than ask them to look like a real person.
later stage
In the 1950s, Moore's artistic expansion was mainly reflected in the continuity of space. He boldly and freely alienated the elements of the characters from virtual, thin-shell, nested and interspersed techniques into rhythmic and rhythmic spatial forms. The most outstanding representative work is 195 1 Its theme is still "Lying Man", which was created under the influence of 1926, the statue of the rain god in the culture of Cote antar. The volume of the neck, chest and abdomen is handled by a round hole, which is smooth and natural and charming. The King and Queen written by 1952 is a representative of flat modeling. Simple plane modeling creates an undulating three-dimensional space. Since then, he has been obsessed with the theme of integrity, creating immortal great and solemn sculptures, which have also been widely praised.
As the most famous contemporary sculptor, henry moore won honorary degrees from universities such as Oxford, Harvard and Cambridge and the highest medal of honor in Britain in his later years.
Commemoration of future generations
Many art museums around the world have collections of Moore's sculptures and paintings. Museums with large collections are:
Nelson Atkins Museum is the largest collection of large bronze sculptures in the United States.
Henry moore Foundation, Perry Green, Muchadham, Hertfordshire, UK.
Henry Moore College, Leeds, UK.
Ted Art Museum, London, UK
Ontario Museum of Art in Toronto, Canada
Louis Anna Museum of Modern Art near Copenhagen, Denmark.
Yorkshire Park near Leeds, England
Albright Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York, USA
Sainsbury Center ReforVisual Arts Arts and the University of East Anglia campus in Norfolk, England.
WakefieldCityArtGallery, UK
Paoimperial, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil