Energy refers to the ability of an object to do work. With energy, it can do work, and doing work can also change the energy of an object. But if you have energy, you don't have to do work, and you can't treat energy as work.
The difference between potential energy and kinetic energy can be understood from this aspect: potential energy is the energy that an object has because of its position or shape. Kinetic energy is the energy that an object has only when it is in motion.
Doing work can change the energy of an object. If an object moves, it changes its kinetic energy. If the height of an object changes, it changes the gravitational potential energy of the object. If an object gets hot, it will change its internal energy.
"Whether the work done by a particle is its kinetic energy without considering the internal force?"
(1) work is not equal to energy, so you can't say "yes", but the size is equal to.
(2) When an object does work, it does not necessarily change kinetic energy, but it can change potential energy, internal energy and so on.
(3) Internal forces can be conservative or non-conservative. When conservative force does work, the sum of kinetic energy and potential energy of an object remains unchanged (only the conversion between kinetic energy and potential energy), but when non-conservative force does work, the mechanical energy of the object decreases (mechanical energy is converted into internal energy). Mechanical energy includes kinetic energy and potential energy.
Therefore, this sentence should be like this: under the condition that the conservative force does work and the potential energy is constant, the work done by the force on the object is equal to the change of the kinetic energy of the object.
I describe conservative forces and non-conservative forces, hoping to help you understand.
Conservative force: a force that does not change the sum of kinetic energy and potential energy of an object, but only transforms kinetic energy and potential energy of an object into each other. The force that does work is related to the position, such as gravity, elasticity and electric field force.
Non-conservative force: the force that changes the mechanical energy of an object by doing work, and converts the mechanical energy of the object into internal energy, which is related to the motion path. Common: friction, magnetism.
The work done by conservative force only depends on displacement, and the work done by non-conservative force depends on the length of motion trajectory, that is, distance.
Conservation of mechanical energy means that only when gravity or elasticity does work can the mechanical energy of an object remain unchanged.
So for a system, its force includes external force and internal force, external force refers to the external force acting on the system, and internal force refers to the internal force of the system. The condition of mechanical energy conservation of the system is that both external force and internal force are gravity or elasticity.
What you said in the book is to pay attention to the process of rising objects. Of course, the force that throws an object upward is an external force, and the kinetic energy of an object is obtained by doing work.