Self-summary is a person's self-summary of his study and work life at a certain stage, which can guide us in the next stage of study and work life, so we need to go back and summarize and write a self-summary. How should we write a self-summary? The following is my personal work summary and party member's self-evaluation. Welcome to reading. I hope you will like it.

Party member's personal work summary and self-evaluation 1 In the past year, I have been demanding myself by party member's standards, striving to make progress in my work and study, improving my party spirit and giving full play to party member's advanced exemplary role. Now the self-evaluation is as follows:

First, the ideological aspect.

In order to constantly improve my ideological understanding, I often study the party's line, principles and policies in my spare time, and learn the spirit of Deng Xiaoping Theory, Theory of Three Represents, Scientific Outlook on Development and the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. After a series of studies, I have strengthened my political stance, improved my political ideological level, kept a clear head at all times, and strengthened my belief in capitalism.

Second, the work.

Always bear in mind that he is a glorious party member, pragmatic, enterprising, conscientious, loyal and conscientious, able to find problems in his work in time, and put forward opinions and suggestions, and strive to give full play to party member's vanguard and exemplary role, and strive to embody the purpose of "serving the people wholeheartedly" in every work and successfully complete various tasks throughout the year. Pay attention to the study of working methods at work, keep regular communication with leaders, and discuss specific work arrangements with colleagues to promote unity and form a joint force. Party member self-evaluation. Form an atmosphere of mutual cooperation and friendship among colleagues.

Third, serve the masses.

The purpose of the party is to serve the people wholeheartedly. As a party member, I always insist on putting the interests of the masses first. Can correctly treat the opinions of the masses, trust each other and have a harmonious relationship. Be able to keep close contact with the masses, care about their sufferings, do practical things, do good things and solve difficult problems for the masses in good faith, and consciously safeguard their interests.

Fourth, personal style.

I can strictly abide by party constitution, abide by the law, be honest and upright, consciously resist unhealthy practices, set an example, and bravely fight against illegal and bad behaviors. Party member self-evaluation. In daily life, I strictly follow the standard of * * * to produce party member, and demand my words and deeds; Be able to strictly implement and be strict with yourself; Always persist in seeking truth and being pragmatic, bearing in mind the "two musts"; Take the lead in observing professional ethics, social ethics and family virtues, and play an exemplary role in the construction of spiritual civilization.

In addition, I also take the initiative to participate in various political learning and education activities organized by the party branch to supplement new knowledge and nutrients for myself. Strengthening theoretical study will still be a main content in future work and life. Constantly strengthen study to meet the needs of social development, and constantly improve their own political and theoretical quality to meet the objective requirements of social and economic development.

Over the past year, although I have improved in thought, work and study, there is still a certain gap with the requirements of the party and the people. In the future, I will work harder, study hard, think deeply, work diligently, improve party spirit, sublimate my understanding, enhance my ability to serve the people, actively change my ideas, broaden my thinking, and strive to develop into a comprehensive talent.

Party member's Personal Work Summary and Self-evaluation Chapter II Looking back on the past year, I earnestly performed my duties, studied hard, kept making progress, actively participated in various political studies organized by Party branches and leading groups, studied the basic theories and knowledge of the Party, earnestly studied party constitution, consciously abided by party constitution, conscientiously implemented party constitution, resolutely safeguarded party constitution, armed my mind with Theory of Three Represents theory, and constantly improved the level of political theory and party spirit. Give full play to party member's exemplary leading role and strive to complete various tasks. The recent research and work are summarized as follows:

First, strengthen study and constantly improve their comprehensive quality.

In this short time, I actively strengthened the study of political theory knowledge, actively cooperated with the organizational life plan of the branch, and effectively improved my ideological understanding. At the same time, I pay attention to strengthening my understanding of external current affairs. Through study, I have improved my political acumen and discriminating ability, strengthened my position and conviction, and always kept a clear head in the face of major issues. Constantly change their world outlook, outlook on life and values, establish a firm belief in productism, and maintain a high degree of consistency with the party organization in thought and action. Politically, we should adhere to the Four Cardinal Principles, maintain a high degree of consistency with the CPC Central Committee politically, ideologically and practically, support the Party's line, principles and policies, be firm in productism, and resolutely resist the wrong actions against Scientific Outlook on Development.

Second, be loyal to your duties and be strict with yourself according to party member standards.

At work, I always keep in mind that I am a * * * party member, and use "a drop of water can reflect the brilliance of the sun" to alert myself. I am serious and cautious, loyal to my duties, conscientious, law-abiding, honest and self-disciplined, and strive to play the vanguard and exemplary role of party member, treat every job with a responsible attitude towards myself, my class and the party, and establish a sense of the overall situation. With the goal of improving work style, paying attention to work methods, paying attention to work efficiency and improving work quality, we actively strive to complete various tasks. Actively respond to the financial crisis and contribute to the efficiency of enterprises.

Third, sum up yourself and be proud of being party member.

Looking back on my study and work in the past year, and comparing with the requirements of party member standards and assessment standards, I feel that although I still have many shortcomings and will be further improved in some aspects, my mental state should be said to be good, my work style should be said to be pragmatic, my ideas should be said to be able to keep pace with the times, and my actions and work have been improved.

I think there is still a certain gap between me and the standards of party member in the new period. We need to learn more theoretical knowledge, understand it deeply and stick to it. Work and study with more enthusiasm for learning and a more positive mental outlook; It is also necessary to further increase the study of ideological and political theory and constantly improve the personal ideological and theoretical level. Constantly strengthen the transformation of outlook on life, world outlook and values, and strive to become an excellent party member.

To sum up, in the past year, although I still have many shortcomings and deficiencies, I believe these shortcomings and deficiencies can be overcome and corrected through my efforts. Therefore, according to the appraisal requirements of party member, I think I basically belong to qualified party member.

Party member's Personal Work Summary and Self-evaluation Chapter III hurried by, and unconsciously, time has quietly waved goodbye to us. Looking back on my work and life in the past four years, I have learned a lot. Usually busy, there is not much time and opportunity to sit down and summarize the work. After graduation, it is necessary to calm down, sum up the gains and losses in one year's work, find out your own shortcomings, and make arrangements and plans for next year's work. My work in these four years is summarized as follows.

First, the ideological aspect.

Over the past four years, under the careful training and teaching of school teachers, through their own continuous efforts, they have made great progress and gained a lot in their thoughts, studies and work. Ideological adherence to the four cardinal principles, support the party's principles and policies, consciously abide by the laws, regulations and rules of gas stations, and consciously move closer to the party organization. I am fortunate to be a party member, studying management norms seriously and making innovations actively.

Second, study.

Four years in college, I am strict with myself and break through myself. University grades are among the best. In addition to mastering professional knowledge, I constantly test my ability through social practice. No matter what problems you encounter, no matter what problems arise, you need to consult humbly and sincerely at any time, and summarize and reflect at any time. Rich extracurricular practice at school has effectively exercised my design ability. I participated in the 5th National College Student Advertising Design Competition, and won the National Excellence Award, Guangdong Excellence Award and the third prize of the school. I also participated in many competitions and gained some recognition. For example, the 7th National College Students' Fine Arts Yearbook Award, the 1st Guangdong University Oil Painting Academy Award, and the award for the future of fine arts works. In order to improve myself, I prove myself with actions and my efforts to become better with achievements.

Third, work.

At work, I do my best under the guidance of my predecessors and teachers. My work at school has been greatly encouraged. I won the title of "excellent student cadre" for two consecutive years, and was commended by the school during my internship, giving me the title of "excellent intern". I am conscientious in my work, conscientious and open-minded. Have a harmonious relationship with classmates and colleagues at work. Good communication skills.

As the saying goes, "It is never too old to learn". I have been strict with myself in all aspects and strive to improve myself in order to adapt to the situation of social development more quickly. By reading a lot of moral cultivation books, being brave in dissecting yourself, dissecting yourself, facing yourself squarely and improving your quality, we can complete the task with good quality and quantity.

In a word, some achievements have been made in the past four years, but there is still a certain gap compared with the requirements of excellent party member. I will continue to strive to overcome and improve in my future work. Work harder, strive to turn into a formal party member as scheduled, and strive to become an excellent party member.

Party member's Personal Work Summary and Self-evaluation Chapter IV In recent years, under the correct leadership of the town party committee and government, I have adhered to the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development, consciously strengthened the cultivation of party spirit, and constantly improved my own quality, and achieved certain results. The main work performance is reflected in the following "four enhancements" and "four improvements":

First, strengthen the cultivation of party spirit and improve political consciousness.

As a Selected Graduates, I stick to my ideals and beliefs, consciously combine my life ideals with social development, and reflect my self-worth through diligent and solid work. Always adhere to the party's leadership, obey the organizational arrangements, set strict demands on ourselves according to the standard of party member's excellent products, consciously strengthen the cultivation of party spirit, and persist in examining problems and guiding actions from a global perspective. I am active and enterprising ideologically, consciously arm myself with the Party's theory, especially Scientific Outlook on Development, always pay attention to important current events at home and abroad, and strive to build myself into a politically determined and mature party member cadre. Firmly establish mass consciousness, adhere to the purpose of serving the people, often go deep into the rural grassroots to understand the sufferings of the masses, do what they can for the masses, and strengthen flesh-and-blood ties with the masses.

Second, strengthen theoretical study and improve comprehensive quality.

Over the years, I have regarded study as an important way to improve my quality, persisted in learning theoretical knowledge, persisted in learning from cadres and the masses, persisted in learning through practice and accumulated constantly. First, establish the consciousness of "never too old to learn", adhere to the habit of "reading, reading and writing" every day (that is, reading newspapers, reading famous books and keeping diaries), and strive to accumulate all kinds of comprehensive knowledge. From September 20xx to June 20xx, I participated in the in-service postgraduate class of South China Agricultural University, obtained the master's degree in agricultural extension, and improved my academic qualifications. Second, persist in learning computer skills and knowledge and constantly adapt to the new requirements of administrative work under the new situation. By mastering basic network operation skills and making full use of modern network technology, we can strengthen our understanding of the outside world and improve our ability to acquire new knowledge. Third, learn from the leading cadres around you with an open mind, regard being a man and doing things as the university question of life, and constantly interpret and experience it in depth. Often go deep into the countryside to understand the village conditions and public opinion, and learn about rural and agricultural knowledge from the people.

Third, strengthen work innovation and improve the ability to perform duties.

The first is hard work. During the five-year period of the township party and government office, we persisted in a high sense of responsibility and mission, and went all out to do everything in detail and strive to be the best. Especially during his tenure as the director of DangZhengBan, he did a good job in internal management and coordination of up-and-down relations, and published more than xx written materials in various newspapers and magazines. Through hard work, all the work has been well received by leading cadres and the masses. The second is to insist on summing up. Although the township work is complicated, it often faces emergencies. I attach great importance to the usual accumulation and summary, and often make inferences and summary analysis of the completed work, so that my working ability has been continuously improved. Especially during the secondment of the county inspection team and the county investigation office, I further exercised and improved my working ability from a higher level and angle, laying a foundation for being competent for a higher level of work. The third is to actively explore. In order to constantly improve myself, I often actively learn new management methods and working methods, and try to apply them in my work practice, which has received good results. For example, a one-to-one work system has been established in the work of the Party and government offices, which not only enables new comrades to adapt to work in a short time, but also promotes the unity among colleagues and improves work efficiency; The establishment of post responsibility assessment system in the party and government offices has effectively mobilized the work enthusiasm of members. In the past few years in villages and towns, my organization and coordination ability, oral expression ability and writing level have been greatly improved, and I have a deeper understanding of the situation in rural grassroots. Since joining the work, he has successively won the honors of "Excellent party member" and "Excellent Resident Cadres" and was awarded the title of "Excellent Civil Servant" for four consecutive years.

Fourth, strengthen the concept of discipline and raise the awareness of honesty.

Honesty and self-discipline are the basic requirements of party constitution for party member cadres. To be honest and self-disciplined, we should adhere to self-discipline and self-warning subjectively, and consciously abide by various rules and regulations objectively. In the work, we should persist in establishing a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values, uphold the leadership of the Party, take the lead in observing the Party's discipline and laws and regulations, pay attention to shaping a good personal image, focus on the overall situation of the Party Committee and government when speaking and doing things, and resolutely do things that should not be said and done. While being honest and self-disciplined, we should also pay attention to life, pay attention to the details in life, persist in participating in healthy cultural and sports activities, strengthen physical exercise, and cultivate good life interest and morality.

In the future, under the correct leadership of the Party Committee, I will further strengthen my sense of responsibility, further strengthen my own construction, further improve my working ability and strive for greater achievements.

Party member's Personal Work Summary and Self-evaluation Chapter 5 Time flies, and 20xx years have passed in the busy work. Looking back on the past year, with the guidance of leaders and the help of comrades, I set strict demands on myself according to party member's standards, study hard, work diligently, be honest and upright, unite with comrades, take the overall situation into consideration, and make new progress in my study and work life. Now let me sum up my thoughts, work and study in the past year.

First, in learning and thinking, multi-level learning, internal quality.

First, strengthen the study of political theory, attach great importance to it ideologically, regard it as important information in daily work, combine theory with practical work for division of labor, put pressure on yourself, and consciously ask yourself to learn more, learn well and learn deeply. In the arrangement of study materials, I mainly studied ... Civil Code, party constitution Party Rules, etc. Major events and policies around the party and the country. I have done four diligence in my study, that is, watching, listening, remembering and thinking. Through study, I improved my political consciousness and ideological level. More spiritually fulfilled.

Second, according to the arrangement of xx educational activities, seriously study and deeply understand the director, the director's work report, the director's important speech at the city's xx political work conference and the implementation plan of xx educational activities, write notes and communicate with colleagues. Third, pay attention to the study of professional skills in order to maintain a good mental state, strive to improve their professional level, and constantly make greater contributions to the development of the industry. Integrate the sense of mission and responsibility into the pursuit of newer and richer knowledge learning, integrate what you have learned into your work, and use knowledge to improve efficiency.

Second, in terms of work, I am diligent, pragmatic and conscientious.

I can persist in thinking in my work, sum up my work experience in time, correct my shortcomings in time, and gradually form a pragmatic work style through continuous thinking and accumulation. As a party member, I always set an example, set high standards and strict requirements for myself, do my duty, pursue persistently, obey the leadership division of labor, establish a sense of overall situation, actively share departmental work, and cooperate with my colleague Qi Xin to carry out departmental work. Regarding work, I closely focus on the concept of serving the grassroots, strictly follow the principles of justice, fairness and science, and be strict and efficient in every report in order to provide better law enforcement work for the grassroots.

Third, in life, be positive and disciplined.

In my life, I can consciously maintain a high degree of consistency with the party politically, ideologically and practically. Usually, I can be strict with myself, pay attention to the cultivation of good life style, resolutely resist the erosion of decadent culture and all kinds of wrong ideas, and compare contributions and achievements instead of competition in life treatment. Work hard in style, advocate hard work and plain living, thrift, oppose extravagance and waste, and put an end to the breeding and spread of corruption. Abide by the law, consciously accept supervision, and resist the erosion of decadent ideas.

Monument is silent, action speaks louder than words, summary is for better action, and practice is the only criterion for testing truth. Please continue to supervise and test me. I will work hard, be aggressive, work hard, keep my mission in mind, constantly surpass, cheer up, work hard, forge ahead, blaze new trails, and add luster to party emblem party flag with practical actions to be an excellent party member.

Party member's Personal Work Summary and Self-evaluation 6 In recent years, the development of party member in Henan Oilfield has been strictly in accordance with the requirements of the Central Organization Department and the Provincial Party Committee, closely combined with the actual situation of the oilfield, focusing on outstanding young workers and outstanding young professional and technical personnel in the front line of production and work. By improving the mechanism, strengthening training and education, and doing a good job in regular development, the quantity and quality of newly developed party member have been greatly improved. Over the past three years, party member has developed X people, of whom x% are outstanding young people under the age of 35, and X has a college degree or above.

First, clear responsibilities and strict measures should be taken to ensure the implementation of the objectives and tasks of developing party member.

Since 20xx, with the implementation of reforms such as reducing staff and increasing efficiency, restructuring and shunting, the team structure in party member has undergone great changes. By the end of 20xx, the number of people working in party member only accounts for x% of the total number of party member in the whole oilfield. The decrease in the number of people working in party member, especially in party member, has led to the lack of party member in some grass-roots units or the difficulty in establishing party organizations. In view of this reality, the Party Committee of the Bureau timely adjusted the thinking of party member's development work, highlighted the development priorities of outstanding young people in production and work, and took practical measures to ensure the implementation of various tasks in party member's development work.

1, adhere to the development of party member work responsibility system. In the overall party building work, especially in the "three innovations and one struggle" activities carried out in the oilfield (to create "advanced party committees, advanced party branches and advanced party groups" and strive to be "excellent party member in the new era"), the Party Committee of the Bureau incorporated the development of party member into the annual party building work objectives of each unit and refined it into the work responsibility system of party member. The Organization Department of the Party Committee of the Bureau conducts an inspection on the all-round development of party member every six months. At the end of the year, combined with the "Trinity" target assessment of comprehensive party building, production and management, and spiritual civilization construction, the development of party member was included in the assessment index, and the assessment results were linked to the year-end economic rewards and punishments of each unit and the selection of advanced party committees. At the same time, adhere to the assessment and notification system, to ensure the development of party member seriously and effectively.

2. Adhere to the macro-control of party member's work. According to the reality of oilfield reform and development, the Party Committee of the Bureau put forward the working idea of "three inclinations and one decline" (that is, the development focus is inclined to the grassroots, intellectuals and young workers, and efforts are made to reduce the number of party member-free teams), and formulated a guiding plan for developing party member on an annual basis, requiring at least 70% of young party member to be developed every year. During the implementation process, the organization departments of each directly affiliated unit strictly review the development objects reported by each branch, and those that do not meet the specified requirements are not included in the development plan, and each branch is required to do a good job in developing party member in strict accordance with the guiding plan to ensure the seriousness of the plan.

3, adhere to the implementation of party member development plan. We insist on the macroscopic and instructive nature of the plan, instead of sticking to the absoluteness of the amount, and demand that the plan can fluctuate at 10% according to the actual situation on the premise of adhering to the party member standard, so as to give certain space to grass-roots party organizations. Grass-roots party organizations generally study and develop party member's work at least twice a year and analyze it once a quarter. On the basis of analysis, they adjust their plans appropriately to ensure the implementation of the plans. In the past three years, X people in party member have developed from the front line of production work, accounting for x% of the total development. Among them, X people in party member are under 35 years old, accounting for X% of the number of party member people in the front line of production work. Reduce the number of teams without party member in the first line by X; Party member, an on-the-job worker, has increased from x% of the total number of party member to x%, which has gradually changed the situation that there is less party member in the production line. Lack and uneven distribution of working party member. , better completed the development of party member's goals and tasks.

Two, adhere to the standards, strict procedures, to ensure the quality of the development of party member.

In order to strictly control the entry of party member and ensure the quality of developing party member, we have always done the following:

1. Adhere to the system of branch recommendation, mass appraisal and "pushing for excellence". Generally speaking, the determination of development goals is first discussed by the branch in party member, and the development goals are recommended, which are discussed and approved by the branch committee. Then, the Party Committee organizes departments to solicit opinions from the masses in all branches, and according to the opinions of the branches and the masses, the Party Committee collectively discusses and determines the annual development plan. To determine the development goals among league members and young people, we must also go through the "promotion" procedure organized by the league. Since XX years, in the development of new party member, X * * people have been promoted by the Youth League, accounting for x% of the total number of developing party member.

2. Actively promote the development of publicity system in party member. The year before last, we tried out the publicity system in some units. Since the beginning of this year, according to the unified arrangement of the Organization Department of the Provincial Party Committee and the actual situation of the oilfield, we have formulated and issued the publicity system, implemented the party member publicity system throughout the oilfield, and incorporated the implementation of the publicity system into the annual assessment of party building work, thus strengthening the implementation. In the process of carrying out and developing the publicity system in party member, some units not only publicized according to the regulations, but also combined with the actual work, so that the development targets and the preparations for party member's report were quantified and scored by party member and the employees, which broadened the forms of publicity, expanded the participation of the masses, and implemented organizational control and mass supervision.

3. Pay special attention to training and assessment. Insist on holding training courses for activists joining the Party twice a year, with full-time training for more than five days each time, and educate activists joining the Party on the basic knowledge, theory, situation and tasks of the Party.

After the study, there will be an exam. Those who score less than 80 points are not listed as development targets or preparing for party member. During the training, the party committee secretaries of many units give lectures in person, and learn and encourage from activists who join the Party. Through intensive training and assessment, activists and development targets have further corrected their motivation to join the party and strengthened their belief in productism.

4. Strengthen the training and assessment of party member. First, adhere to party member's mental preparation system of reporting on time. It is required to make preparations for party member, and report to the Party organization in written form once every quarter about thoughts, work and life. The second is to strengthen the inspection of the preparatory period for party member. Adhere to the combination of quarterly inspection and comprehensive inspection at the expiration of the preparation period, the combination of unit performance and social performance, the combination of critical moments and general performance, the combination of criticism and education with praise and encouragement, strict education quality, and no accommodation. In the past three years, * * * extended the preparatory period of X people and cancelled the qualification of X people to prepare for party member.

Third, broaden channels, enhance gravity, and constantly expand the ranks of activists joining the Party.

We regard the construction of a team of activists with sufficient quantity and excellent quality as the top priority of party member's development under the new situation, and expand the team of activists with multiple levels and channels.

Party member's Personal Work Summary and Self-evaluation Chapter 71 Over the past year, I have studied and implemented the Party's mass line education practice in education, teaching and political thought, improved my political stance, work, study and living standards, enhanced my comprehensive quality, and accumulated experience and materials for better serving students and parents. Let me summarize from the aspects of thought, work and labor discipline:

First, strengthen the study of political theory and improve personal morality.

Ideologically, we can conscientiously study the Party's principles and policies, study and implement the Party's mass line education activities, maintain the fine style of hard work, strengthen our own "four winds" construction, and overcome all kinds of corruption. Actively participate in various political studies and practical study and education activities in Scientific Outlook on Development organized by the Party branch; Always keep in mind the purpose of serving the people, understand your responsibilities, play an exemplary role in your work, and strive to be a model for others. At the same time, seriously study advanced education and teaching theory, and constantly improve their own education and teaching theory level and comprehensive quality.

Diligence, integrity, modesty, eagerness to learn, regardless of fame and fortune, are the true portrayal of the vast number of party member teachers in China's education system. Therefore, I strive to be strict with myself ideologically, love the Party's educational cause, fully implement the Party's educational policy, always be strict with myself according to party member's standards, spur myself, and strive to set an example in my colleagues and classmates ideologically and at work.

Second, based on the post, work hard and love their jobs.

Education is service. In my work and study, I adhere to the party's purpose, love the school, love the post, love the students, uphold the purpose of serving the people, work hard, and strive to make extraordinary achievements in ordinary posts.

In the first half of the year, I worked as a math teacher, head teacher, part-time math teaching and research team leader and grade management Committee in two classes of the sixth grade graduating class. The work is arduous and tedious, but I will try my best to arrange all the work reasonably. Digging deep into teaching materials, grasping important and difficult points, seriously studying teaching materials and methods, carrying out curriculum reform in our school, preparing lessons carefully, often having heart-to-heart talks with students, and providing help to students in need in time, the two classes I took achieved the best results in graduation exams. Teaching and research can unite teachers in this group, participate in various teaching and research activities, constantly sum up teaching experience, improve teaching level, create a warm and upward grade group, and accomplish various tasks well, which has been well praised by school leaders and colleagues.

Class management is bold, meticulous and successful. In the school sports meeting, our class won the first place in the group, and in the district sports meeting attended by the school, three members selected by our class all won good rankings for the school. At the graduation ceremony organized by our class, I invited some parents to participate in the activities, raised enough funds to buy rich graduation gifts for the students and distributed them grandly, which left a strong impression on the students and caused a good response inside and outside the school.

In the second half of the year, he was selected by the school to teach in an industrial park school. Overcoming all kinds of difficulties, I quickly adapted to the working system and procedures of the new unit, strictly observed the labor discipline of the new unit, United teachers, earnestly performed their duties, and won the love of children.

Third, labor discipline.

I strictly abide by the school schedule, don't be late, don't leave early, don't ask for leave for personal reasons, arrive at school early and leave school late every day, take all the tasks that I can't finish that day home to continue, sometimes work late into the night, and squeeze out some time to update my class blog to convey the class dynamics to students and parents and accumulate materials for the school.

Over the past year, although I have done a lot of work in my study and work, I am conscientious, but due to my own talents and personality characteristics, there are inevitably some shortcomings. In my future study and work, I will be more strict with myself, learn from advanced party member with an open mind, overcome my shortcomings and improve my service skills.

;