One reason why Ricky and his disciples are doing business now is that they were born in an era of high oil prices and scarce reserves. Large American oil companies are in urgent need of crude oil, but they are afraid of getting their hands dirty and don't want to get it from problematic areas. In fact, half of the crude oil obtained by kickbacks in the oil-for-food project eventually flowed into large American oil companies.
Mark rich, one of the top ten most wanted criminals in the U.S. Department of Justice 17, has been living a leisurely and luxurious life in Rosa Villa on the bank of Lucerne, Switzerland, and running his own business empire with peace of mind. Out of the public eye, time flies, and many people even forget why he fled overseas.
Earned nearly $654.38+0 billion, evaded taxes by 9 billion, and swayed his figure in the international conspiracy from the White House to the Kremlin; He has Swiss, Spanish, Bolivian and Israeli citizenship, but he doesn't want the original American citizenship ... There are hundreds of pages of records about him in the archives of the National Security Agency of the United States, but what the public knows best is the Amnesty order signed before Clinton stepped down.
200 1 1 The last document Clinton signed before leaving office was an amnesty decree for 140 people, including mark rich, one of the top ten criminals wanted by the US Department of Justice in 17. This man with both good and evil has caused a lot of speculation, and Harvard Business School also takes him as a case to analyze the relationship between wealth and social responsibility.
He created the highest tax evasion record in American history, and was charged with 5 1, and the maximum sentence was 325 years' imprisonment. 17' s immortal escape life is closely related to agents, underworld and money laundering in various countries. He is the "godfather" of Russian Maffia and played an important role in the disintegration of the former Soviet Union. ...
He helped thousands of Jews and donated billions of dollars to build schools, orphanages, hospitals and museums in Israel. Mark rich said: "About one-third of my personal profits went to Uncle Sam (paying taxes), one-third was put into my account to expand my business scale, and one-third was used to donate various poverty alleviation projects." Even a once excellent liar may disappear from public view, but at least millions of documents, files, rare materials, films, audio tracks, videos, etc., including judges, tax officials and other departments keep the files of those liars. Some people may think that old files are a burden. Whether they are saved in the form of original files or not, they will take up a lot of space. Only those senior people know the difference between various archived files. However, when those thieves don't know when to surface, those old materials highlight their precious value.
The problem is that the preserved old materials may be wrongly described as "exaggerated stories" because of the change of time. 17 is a long time. Mark rich, a fugitive billionaire, has been living a leisurely and luxurious life in Rosa Villa near Lake Lucerne, Switzerland, and running his own business empire with peace of mind. Out of the public eye, many people gradually forgot why he fled overseas. Richie, who is privately called the most corrupt business executive in the United States by the US Department of Justice, is very good at using some normal or abnormal means to trade primary products such as metals, grains and oil, and how to use neutral countries or tax loopholes to evade taxes after making money. From 1979 to 1980, the oil embargo imposed by the United States on Iran because of the hostage incident had no impact on Ricky. 1983, mark rich was accused by the government of 5 1 charges, including telecommunication and postal fraud, fraud, tax evasion of more than 48 million US dollars, and oil trading with Iran, a "national enemy". If convicted, he will be sentenced to 325 years in prison, setting a record for personal tax evasion in American history. However, before being charged, Ricky and his partner pincus Green fled to Switzerland. Although his company pleaded guilty and was fined a year later, it did not exempt Ricky from responsibility. What is even more embarrassing for the US Department of Justice is that for Ricky, fleeing does not mean hardship and punishment. "His philosophy seems to be that if I am rich, I will be richer. It seems that there is no legal problem that can hinder the growth of his wealth."
Rich, who has been engaged in speculative business for many years, ran an empire worth billions of dollars from the 1960s to the 1970s. It is said that his company made a profit of 7 billion dollars in 2000. His friends include former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger and singer placido domingo, and his ex-wife Dennis is the heir of shoe tycoon Frosham. His luxury ski villa is located on the slope of Moritz Street in Switzerland. He owns a luxurious and chic house worth 9.5 million pounds in Marbella, Spain, and supports the same luxurious mansion in Israel. The apartment is full of first-class art treasures, especially Picasso's Tibetan paintings; Business involves trading from London to Hongkong, then to new york, from Russian nickel mine to Malay tin mine; An oil tanker with investments ranging from Twentieth Century Fox in Hollywood to Rhodes Preparatory School in Manhattan.
Although Ricky's personal wealth is a secret, according to the conventional assessment, his net worth should exceed $654.38+000 billion. His friends and colleagues joked that those who made the world rich list didn't include Ricky because they couldn't calculate his exact wealth value at all. 1934 18 February 18, a poor Jewish family in Antwerp, Belgium gave birth to a baby boy named Marc Reich. 1940 In May, Hitler's army swept through Belgium, and the Riches immigrated to Kansas, USA, and opened a small artificial jewelry store, renamed Rich (rich in English); The original surname Reich means "empire" in German, but it also means wealth in German). The new surname is somewhat self-prophetic. Growing up in this environment, Ricky can speak five languages-German, Spanish, Hebrew, English and French, but school records show that he can only be regarded as an ordinary student at most. 1950 after his family moved to new york, Ricky entered new york University, but soon dropped out. 1954, Ricky went for an interview with Philip Brothers, the world's top commodity broker. Jesselson, the boss, tested whether the candidate could calculate quickly without a pencil. As a result, Ricky was hired without hesitation, and he became a daily necessities businessman running around with a weekly salary of $60. Hutt, a trader who worked with Ricky in a brother company, recalled: "Ricky has the best memory in the company and is a natural gambler. He will never fail easily in his life." Every adventure he took was well thought out. "
Ricky's first big business was Mercury. During the Korean War from 1950 to 1953, the market demand for mercury was high. For future military needs, governments all over the world are scrambling to buy and store them. Ricky managed to obtain the distribution rights of the products of the two largest companies in the world, so that the Philip brothers could buy at a low price and sell at a high price. Jesse began to personally bring Ricky into the company and attach importance to him like his own son.
1958, the Batista government in Cuba, which had business relations with Jason, collapsed, and Ricky was sent to deal with the aftermath, while trying to establish a deal with the new government Castro regime. Rich successfully solved the problem of nickel ore shipment in the past. A colleague who worked with Ricky during the Cuban crisis said that he "always regarded Cuba as a place with no rules and returned to new york with what he learned from it".
Starting from Havana, passing through the company's office in La Paz, Bolivia, and then returning to the United States, Ricky shuttles between cities around the world every year. One year, when he returned to the headquarters in new york, he met Dennis Joy Eisenberg, the heir of Fule God Enterprise. 1966, they got married. 1967, the brother company transferred Ricky to Madrid, Spain, to partner with a traditional Jewish businessman, Green. Green's dirty shirt and sneakers are in sharp contrast to Ricky's well-fitted suit and brand-name tie, but this does not affect their tacit cooperation at all. Rich and Green jointly invented spot crude oil trading, which allowed brother companies to profit by bypassing the oil company Seven Sisters (the world's seven largest oil companies).
The oil trade is profitable. However, when Ricky and Green were ready to receive a dividend of $6.5438+0 million from the company, they were rejected by Jesse, which directly led to the end of what was later called "mutiny". 1973165438+10. In October, Ricky and Green established Markrich AG in Switzerland, which laid the cornerstone of the future Ricky Empire. Ricky's father raised a loan of $2 million from a Bolivian bank, and another businessman, Jacques Hacheu, who defected from his brother company, contributed $6,543,800+in cash. The start-up of the company relies more on the relationship established by Jyriki-Ali Rezai, an Iranian parliamentarian, promised to help the company establish a series of oil trade channels in Iran. "This is the first time I have heard of mark rich."
Although he has rich experience in overseas oil markets, Ricky traded with domestic oilmen in the United States by investing with him in the joint venture oil company of Marvin Davis, a partner of 20th century Ford Company. In Chug's offices in London and Switzerland, the customer list of the brother company helped Ricky quickly take away the business of daily necessities such as oil, grain and metal from his competitors, which undoubtedly put the brother company in an unprecedented predicament. At the same time, Richie's success has also attracted the attention of the US government, especially after the oil crisis broke out in 1973. Oil prices have skyrocketed, and a barrel of oil with a purchase price of $6 can be sold for $25 to $40. The opportunity for arbitrage trading is obviously coming. Before the Arab oil crisis, there were only 65,438+02 oil dealers in the United States. By 1978, there were 500 companies in the United States, one of which was a west Texas marketing company, which had business dealings with Ricky, and its bosses were David Ratliff and John, and was later convicted. 1979, Ricky first met David and John. According to the evidence at the time of 1983' s prosecution, Rich Company operated the entire oil commercial chain through WTM. WTM Company accepted a loan from a French bank and sold180,000 barrels of crude oil to a shell oil company named Listo. Next, Richie labeled the high-quality oil as inferior oil and sold it to WTM at the market price. WTM then sold the oil to Ricky's secret Panama Company at a loss, and the loss was naturally made up in the full market-oriented operation of Panama Company. This kind of transaction goes back and forth between the gain and loss of quantity, and by the time the oil no longer moves, the money has gathered outside the United States. From 65438 to 0980, WTM earned more than $2 billion a year in oil resale business, and handled more than 300,000 barrels of oil every day on average, and Mark Fu Company accounted for 10% or more of WTM's total business. 1983, the U.S. department of justice sued domestic illegal oil merchants, including Ricky, David and John, and were sentenced to 14 months in Big Spring, Texas. The two later became tainted witnesses to identify Ricky and Green. Weinberg, then a federal prosecutor, said: "This is the first time I have heard of mark rich."
At the same time, another case surfaced. Starting from 1974, Ricky's company exchanged weapons and other goods from Iran for a large amount of oil through barter. During the Iranian hostage crisis, the American government banned citizens from trading with Iran, but Ricky's business continued. People in Richie Switzerland think that the ban is invalid for Richie AG because the company belongs to Switzerland. The delay penalty of $50,000 per working day eventually accumulated to $654.38+09 million.
1982, the federal court of the United States issued a summons to 18 managers of Ritchie International Branch of Ritchie AG in the United States. In the grand jury investigation, federal prosecutor Weinberg called 50 witnesses, including the presidents of Mobil, Ek and Dutch Shell. However, Richie of Zug, Switzerland, was indifferent to everything, still maintained his daily operation and refused to accept the summons of the American jury. 1September, 982, the federal court ordered Ricky to deliver the statement documents within a time limit for contempt of court; Or choose to pay a liquidated damages of $50,000 per working day until the documents are delivered to the court. The fine eventually accumulated to $6.5438+0.9 million. Richie sold Richie International to Clarendon Limited, a newly registered company, which has the same employees, address and board of directors as Richie International, and the bank credit is guaranteed by Richie personally. This is just to show that rich international companies no longer exist. Soon Switzerland also participated in this incident. Anton Hegner, the Swiss ambassador to the United States, submitted a protest to the State Council, claiming that the US government's lawsuit was a threat to the Swiss economy. Although Ricky is not a Swiss citizen, Zug's chief prosecutor said that American courts were "collecting economic information" and accused the United States of "blackmailing" Ricky. The Swiss government even sent two lawyers to the United States to negotiate to show the authorities' concern about the case. Then Ricky's biggest client, the former Soviet Union. 1On August 5th, 983, Izvestia, a newspaper of the former Soviet Union, published the headline article "Open Blackmail". The article wrote: "The accusation against Mr. Rich is an open blackmail and an attempt to threaten and interfere in the international affairs of European countries through economic sanctions."
The prosecution has thus evolved into an international event with great fanfare. 1In September, 1983, Weinberg submitted the accusation of 5 1, accusing Ricky and Green of fraud, mail and telecom fraud, tax evasion and other crimes. Switzerland never thought it was the time to extradite Ricky and Green. Ricky was quickly approved by the Spanish government and became a citizen of Spain and Bolivia. 1984, 10, 10, Richie ag, Richie international and Cray London ltd, which belong to Richie empire, admitted to committing 38 tax evasion cases, and 1980 and 198 1 year involved illegal oil profits of 50,000. Ricky and Green are still at large. Although the court proceedings against the company have ended, they still have to face charges of fraud, fraud, tax evasion, collusion trade and so on. The next 17 is a gamble, and Ricky and Green are biding their time in Switzerland. I'm afraid to stay in prison for even a minute, but there's one thing that 17 Ricky can't do, whether it's power or wealth-set foot on American soil until the moment Clinton signed the Amnesty. Ricky has always been proud of his mind, including the right to return to the United States. Negotiations began as early as 1987, and Ricky expressed his desire to return to the United States, claiming that he was willing to plead guilty instead of imprisonment. But Weinberg and his successors scoffed at his proposal. A former official of the Ministry of Justice said: "We met Ricky privately at 1992. But Ricky is even afraid to stay in prison for even a minute. The biggest compromise we can make is to spend three years in prison. "
Hillary claimed that the pardon was closely related to the participation of many senior Israeli officials and Jewish community leaders-Richie made great contributions to the well-being of Israel, as well as to education and health in Gaza and the West Bank. There is no doubt that Amnesty is related to Ricky's donation to Clinton. It is said that Richie's ex-wife Dennis and her family donated more than 1 10,000 dollars to the Democratic Party from 65438 to 2000, of which $320,000 was donated to Hillary Clinton for running for the Senate. Before Clinton left office, Dennis presented a set of furniture worth $7,375, and her name was engraved on the donation card by Clinton Library. (But when Ricky swaggered back to America, he took his new wife, Jesra, and he got a $2 million breakup fee for trying to save his ex-wife Dennis. Ricky has always insisted that he is an Israeli and Spanish citizen. 199 1 year, the federal court ruled that Ricky was not an American citizen, so he did not have to abide by American laws. But in fact, if Ricky is still an American citizen, he should be responsible for paying taxes, no matter where he lives. Therefore, the IRS wants to know whether Ricky filed tax returns abroad in 17, and whether Clinton and Hillary were involved in bribery, because non-citizens are not allowed to make political donations.
Combine get rich quick with politics and crime.
Rich is engaged in gold smuggling business all over the world, oil transportation disguised as commodity trade, ostensibly secret missile exchange of metal business, bribing corrupt officials in the United States privately, in addition, he is also engaged in nuclear bomb sales and exchange or physical exchange, as well as black market trading of terrorists or other primary product refining business. It is said that Ricky arranged and provided funds to American and foreign killers many times through disguised metal and grain transactions. It is said that he himself is an Israeli spy. Rich and his partner Green control the world's largest metal trading market (such as tungsten in China). Most of the transactions were handled by George Bush's younger brother Prescott bush, and it was even reported that Prescott's business also involved the Japanese mafia. Rich paid a "commission" or bribed Clinton to run for the presidency for the tungsten trade, and also donated a large sum of money to Hillary Clinton to run for the Senate in new york. The capital flows in through tax havens such as antigua island, Andorra and the United States and similar tax avoidance black holes. During Ricky's violation of the US oil ban on Iran, he also earned hundreds of millions of dollars through the Bush family, Defense Secretary richard cheney and their allies. Most of the transactions were disguised as soybean and currency transactions, and were completed on the Chicago Board of Trade and the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. When President Bush took office, Richie's arms-for-oil deal shipped to Iran via Israel was not handled at all, and Richie also reached a part of a multi-million-dollar deal with Iran through Bush-his funds were transferred through Earl Brian, a securities official (he was later imprisoned for another unrelated case).
During the1990s, Ricky played a key role in the ruble incident, which was led by the CIA and the World Bank, attacked the currency circulation of the former Soviet Union and eventually led to the collapse of the Moscow government. Another key role is George Bush. "On the one hand, the huge ruble crisis in the former Soviet Union can be explained by seemingly incredible information, on the other hand, it also involves the most acute political nerves in the western world that are unwilling to be touched." When some banks in the Soviet Union closed down, some rubles were taken away by the underworld and some disappeared. Through Greenspan of the Federal Reserve system, the Bush family successfully transferred trillions of rubles from the former Soviet Union through insider trading and arms smuggling, and laundered money in 25 family accounts around the world, including the Queen's private account. "Ricky has gone beyond the rules. He bought the whole baseball field." In that safe paradise in Switzerland, Ricky escaped all accusations from the US government. Since 17, he has established 33 foreign companies in Zug, which have been protected by Swiss authorities.
Ricky created huge taxes for Zug. In an official Swiss document, Zug's chief prosecutor (who is also a director of a company of Richie) claimed that Richie played an important role in the economic development of Switzerland. Osma Kamer, mayor of Zug, said, "We don't want to lose Ricky or others like him, who have made great contributions to the Swiss economic development. Our six major taxpayers include Ricky. " The main assistant to the Attorney General is a member of the board of directors of 26 companies in Richie, and the police chief in Zug is one of the other 65,438+00 board members. Including the U.S. government, have never given up their business dealings with Richie. 1985, the U.S. congress found that Ricky helped foreign countries to buy American barley and wheat through the agricultural subsidy program, and made commercial transactions with the Ministry of Agriculture, earning at least $6,543.8 billion. In 1988 and 1989, the investigators found that Cray London Limited sold nickel, copper and zinc worth $30 million to the American Mint. Soon, the request of the Ministry of the Interior was approved by the US government, allowing Ricky to invest 45 million yuan to set up an alumina plant in the newly developed Wilkes Islands.
Although the authorities claimed that these transactions were made by negligence, in fact, in Ricky's global investment, finance, trade and real estate business, at least six companies used his own name. Obviously, he never fired his employees to protect his secrets. It is said that even if the company is not well run, he will still pay the employees' wages. Ricky arranged for employees to smuggle or smuggle gold bars to him during his escape days.
Christian k of markrich group? Nig) said in a statement: "mark rich died of a stroke in a hospital in Lucerne." He is expected to be buried in Tel Aviv, Israel on Thursday. At the age of 78.