After the Revolution of 1911, Yuan Shikai stole the country and proclaimed himself emperor. Although he was overthrown, his former direct troops still existed after his death. Yuan Shikai trained a new army in Tianjin, which was originally a defense zone of Beiyang Navy, so Tianjin New Army was also called Beiyang Army.
The theory of Beiyang first appeared in the Song Dynasty, mainly referring to the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. Later, during the period from 179 1 to 182 1 in the Qing Dynasty, with Wusongkou in Shanghai as the boundary, all ports north of the Yangtze River were Beiyang, which was a regional concept including Jiangsu, Shandong and Zhili. The existence of Beiyang stems from its political factors, and it is the existence of Li Hongzhang, Yuan Shikai and others and their established sphere of influence.
Extended data
19 12 in April, after Yuan Shikai came to power, he established the rule of Beiyang warlords. When the League split, Yuan Shikai took the opportunity to win over some revolutionaries and "cooperate" with them, thus realizing the temporary reunification of China.
19 13 After the "Song case" and the "big loan for the aftermath", Li Liejun was ordered by Sun Yat-sen to declare independence in Hukou, Jiangxi Province, and organized the Second Revolution. Jiangsu, Shanghai, Anhui, Hunan, Guangdong, Fujian and other places have become independent. The second revolution was defeated by Beiyang Army because the Kuomintang people scrambled to fight and lacked unified leadership.
After Yuan Shikai won the "Second Revolution", he started the plan of developing industry and stepped up the restoration of monarchy. 19 15 12.25, Cai E declared its independence in Yunnan, organized the National Defence Force to crusade against Yuan, and launched the Great Patriotic War. Subsequently, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Shaanxi and other provinces successively declared independence. Due to diplomatic pressure and financial crisis, Yuan Shikai was forced to cancel the monarchy on March 22, 2006.
After Yuan Shikai's death (1965438+June 6, 2006), Beiyang warlords split into three factions: Anhui, Direct and Feng. With the support of the Japanese, Duan of Anhui Province controlled the five provinces of Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Shandong and Shaanxi. With the support of Britain and America, Feng directly controlled Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Hubei and Zhili provinces in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
Zhang, a member of Feng clan, is based in Japan and occupies three northeastern provinces. In addition, Yan Xishan, a warlord in Shanxi, Dingwu Army in Zhang Xun around Xuzhou, Tang, a warlord in southwest Yunnan, and Lu Rongting, a warlord in Guangxi, all fought under the control of foreign forces.
After Yuan Shikai's death, Li succeeded as president, contending for power and profit with Duan, who held the real power of the central government, and there was a "battle between the government and the court". 1965438+In July 2007, at the invitation of Li's "mediation", Zhang Xun led 5000 "Braid Army" to Beijing to restore the monarchy, which aroused the opposition of the whole country. Duan claimed to be a "hero" and assumed the responsibility of prime minister. After Duan came to power, he tried to unify the southern warlords by force, which caused opposition from the southern revolutionaries and the southwestern warlords.
1965438+In August 2007, Sun Yat-sen was appointed as the Grand Marshal of the military government of the Republic of China, and the first battle to protect the section immediately started. Under the suppression of Beiyang Army, the Northern Expeditionary Army was frustrated. Coupled with the contradictions within the military government, 19 18 In May, Sun Yat-sen resigned and the war to protect the law failed. The failure of the law-protecting movement once again proved that the old democratic revolution led by the bourgeoisie had reached the brink of despair.
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