Working with Li Tiansheng in Yanmenguan on a winter night.

[Ming] Qu Dajun

Remember to light candles at the height of the wild goose gate. Snow sealed the city, frozen clouds fascinated. Add all the fragrant coal, and the sable will hug each other at night. Bitter and cold. An irreconcilable, sad sentence. I'm homesick. I'm not drunk. I'm afraid of camel milk. Not going anywhere. Ask the old owner of the Great Wall. But see Wuling. Sha Fei flew through the grass like an arrow. That can make the north of the mouth close to the south, do more work and merge with the country. Don't hang up on the battlefield. Qin put away his bow and arrow and went home.

About "flavored coal"

Xia et al. noted in the first volume of Selected Poems of Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties: "[Incense coal] ancient women thrush supplies. The word is borrowed from coal. " (People's Literature Publishing House, 1983, p. 305)

Press: The "fragrant coal" here is neither "borrowed" nor ordinary "coal". In the Song Dynasty, Zhang Bangji wrote in Volume II of Mo Zhuang Man Lu: "The roots and branches of eggplant burn to ashes, which is the wonder of fragrant coal and can keep the fire alive." Chen Jing's Chen Xiangpu, Volume 3, Ningxiang said: "Incense coal: dried bamboo tube, dried willow branches, burned with black ash. San Qian is used for lead powder, three liang for yellow lead and two liang for mirabilite. The right side is the end. Every time I use a dagger, I burn incense on the table with a lamp. " He also said: "fragrant coal: eggplant leaves are not counted, but ash is burned and four ounces of flour is taken." 30 portions of diced powder, 20 portions of Huang Dan and 20 portions of Lygodium japonicum. Mix the right powder together, put it on the ash and paste the paper all day. " He added: "Fragrant coal: four or two pieces of bamboo charcoal and willow charcoal, two pieces of yellow lead powder and one or two pieces of Lygodium japonicum. Research. The right is the end, mix well, twist it into a cake, put it in the furnace, and burn incense with a lamp. " He also said, "Incense coal: dead eggplant trees burn into charcoal, and the bottle is cold. Every two, add lead powder and Huang Dan, mix them and fill them with ash. " He also said, "Incense coal: flame nitrate, Huang Dan and fir charcoal, which are divided into powders, put in the oven and twisted with paper." He also said, "Japanese Zen master incense coal: four taels of fir charcoal, two taels of bamboo charcoal, two taels of lamb shank charcoal, half of Huang Dan and half of Lygodium japonicum. The right is the end, mix well and put it in the furnace, two yuan each. The paper lamp is burning, red and covered with cold ash. " He also said, "yanqinzi fragrant coal: take more cypress leaves, remove branches, wash them, dry them in the sun and file them flat." People who don't use cemeteries. Put it into a clean jar, consolidate the economy with salt mud, and calcine it in charcoal fire. Study hard. Every 12 yuan, put it on the incense burner ash and light it with a paper lamp. Wait for the unified preparation (press, suspected as' times'), burn incense, and add it from time to time, all day. Or burning cypress seeds, which is especially wonderful for fire. Zou Hao's "Nakamiya's Visit to Guo Tong Shu Yuan" says: "The curtain is quiet, and it is early cold. Good things are covered up and the whole crown is talked about. The fragrant coal is foggy on all sides, and the pine flies are surprised. " The ice poem "New Year's Eve, Cambodia, Ding Jishan" says: "If the scar condenses the incense coal, the window shadow shakes the red candle torch. "Wang Shizhen's poem" When I was pregnant with Mo Yunqing, I had to send a message "says:" The fragrant coal is as cold as silk, and the fine print begins to run. " It can be seen that "fragrant coal" existed in the Song Dynasty and was still used in the Ming Dynasty. It is an auxiliary material for burning incense. It is shaped like ashes powder, and it is placed in the incense burner to prevent the spices from burning too fast. Incense burners have two functions, one is to incense and the other is to keep warm. Qu Dajun wrote the word "winter night", so the main purpose of "adding fragrant coal" is to keep warm.

Incidentally, another meaning of "fragrant coal" is precious ink. Song Caixiang said in "Yu Bi Poem": "Vantage emissary, come in the morning and open a treasure well to incense coal." Guo Shi's poem "Feng He Yun sentenced Wu Yidao to leave a stone room" said: "Ouyang's" Ancient Records "left this monument, and I dyed incense coal and passed it on paper." Liu Ziyi wrote a poem, saying, "He also brought Gu Mo with a dragon pattern on his face and a cloud on his back:' In the ninth year of Baoda, please ask him to build the Changchun Temple for the imperial dragon to print incense coal. "Yuan Hongxi's poem" Professor Xie Lin Liang Zuo sends oily smoke ink "says:" The fragrant coal falls with snuff for several nights, and the blue pool is clouded. Ming Tao An's poem "Send People to East Zhejiang" said: "The fragrant coal floats on the inkstone marsh, and the short candle shines on the book curtain. "This is all the evidence of it. Ink can be a woman's thrush, so Jin Yuanhao asked two poems about "eyebrow". The second poem said, "Shi Qingxiang is shallow in coal, and sentimental has sour plums. "

About "Don't get drunk and drink camel milk"

Xia et al. said in the first volume of Selected Poems of Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties: "The first part of this poem is about talking about drinking milk at Yanmen." (ibid., p. 305)

Press: "camel milk" should not be "milk" but "wine", because it means "not drunk after drinking" and "embarrassed". Yuan Mazhen's poem "Kaiping is a matter" said: "The local wind is as ancient as muddy, and people and things are bustling. Brewing camel milk and cutting rat skin. " It serves to show that camel milk can make wine. This kind of milk wine is not very strong, so it is called "not drunk".

"Hey", the word is "Lu". Sima Xiangru Biography, Volume 57 of Hanshu, said: "The purpose of buying a wine cellar is to make it Lu." In the Tang Dynasty, Yan Shigu said in his notes: "Where wine is sold, living in a jar is a waste of land. It is convex on all sides and high on one side, which looks like forged land, so it is named Lu Er. "

About "Sha Fei is like an arrow, flying in the wrong direction, foxes and rabbits in the grass"

Xia et al. said in the first volume of Selected Poems of Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties: "The word' Shafei' indicates the author's extreme hatred for the enemy." (page 305)

Press: This sentence is inherited from Dan Jian Wu Mausoleum. Obviously, it is written about the tomb of King Wuling of Zhao, which has not been maintained and cleaned for a long time, resulting in desolation and ruin. In ancient poetry, "fox and rabbit" is often used to describe the dirty and cold cemetery. For example, Zhang Zai's poem "Seven Sorrow" in Jin Dynasty said: "There are four The Five Forts in Beimang and Gaoling. Excuse me, whose grave is this? They are all masters of the world. ..... among foxes and rabbits, filth is no longer swept. " In the Southern Dynasties, Fang wrote "Trimming the Tomb of Xie Bianbin", saying, "Therefore, the monument was destroyed, and the mound trees were destroyed. The fox and rabbit become holes, and the boy mourns the sheep. " Tang Du Fu's poem "To the King of Ruyang County" said: "Sichuan and Guangzhou can't be traced back, and the tomb is long." Sasuke, the eldest grandson, wrote in the poem "Tales of Mountain Tour": "There is sorrow in the center, and the tomb is too yellow. There are foxes and rabbits in the middle of the grass, and there are black kites and black nests on all sides. " Song Chen Shidao's Collection of Four Courtyards said, "Today, my husband has raised the pine tree and walked down the hill and among the city graves. In the thorn field, the traces of foxes and rabbits are crossing. How can he not think of his loved ones? " Guo Shi's "Visit China Mountain Again" says: "A white head is old and a hoof is thanked, and a green grave is even an old fox and rabbit." Wang Jin's "Monument to the Ancestors of Wang" said: "But the grave ridge is bleak, not between thorns and hazel spines, and foxes and rabbits live side by side, which is almost unbearable to see." In the Ming Dynasty, Zhou Chen's poem "Tomb of Sima Huan, a song around the mountains in Xuzhou, Sima Yue" said: "There are foxes and rabbits in Japan and China, and owls in the middle of the night." Liu's poem Zhanghe said: "Eating 3,000 people will turn into a tomb for thousands of years. Alas, there are foxes and rabbits halfway up the mountain. " In the poem "Driving to the East Gate", he said: "There are many tombs in the underworld. The long night is a skunk, and the autumn wind walks the fox and rabbit. " Are examples. Most importantly, the word "fox and rabbit" in Qu Dajun is realistic, not concrete. The announcer thinks that the metaphor refers to the enemy (that is, the Qing invaders), which is too profound.

Yu Tingchun; Spring In Jade Pavilion；Song of Youth

An Baili

[Ming] Wang Fuzhi

Juanjuan's films are full of moonlight and autumn shadows, and the light in the silver pond is uncertain. Lv Yun Ran Ran powder is the first uniform, with high curative value and aromatic introspection. Flowers are windy and cold, sandalwood looks at the mirror alone. When he yearns and asks, he returns to his soul. The water is blue, the sky is clear and the night is eternal.

About "When he longs for and demands the soul, the water is clear, the sky is clear, and the night is eternal"

Xia and others said in the first volume of Selected Poems of Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties: "The last two sentences say, who will ask about fooling around in this blue sky?" Compared with the feeling that the monarch fell and drifted at that time, it was very profound. " (page 349)

It is difficult to determine whether these two sentences have meaning, so there is no theory. Literally, the announcer's statement doesn't seem to be very close. His fatal wound ignored the word "other time" "Another time" is not now, but the future. Lotus is in full bloom in summer, and the season set by Wang Fuzhi in this article is autumn. Although there are lotus flowers in autumn, they will soon wither. The last two sentences are about the beautiful scenery after Bai Lian's death: at that time, her sweet soul was dead, and she couldn't care about it, but the water was clear, the sky and the night were always clear. Watch him write from flowers to no flowers, and wrap the whole article in a sad and spacious environment. Endless aftertaste, and it was written by a famous artist!

Cherish lingering spring.

original intention

[Ming] Wang Fuzhi

Like cherishing flowers, like cherishing lazy willows, and like caring for the cold of the previous month. From now on, rain, rain and wind are always ignored by him. Then wave to the east wind and throw your heart into the depths of the shade. I also want to remember that counting willows on a crooked bank can't help flying. Don't send it if you fight, light candles to stay happy, and secretly invite flowers to live. Sit and wait for Yinger to wake up. I'm afraid the swallows will come back. I want to settle down in my nest. I didn't intend to climb for a long time, but at first glance it was rainy and sunny, and the origin was unfounded. Lotus beads are full, plum balls are yellow and ripe, and righteousness returns.

On "Fighting for Nothing, Burning Candles and Keeping Happiness"

Mr. Xia and others noted in the first volume of Selected Poems of Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties: "[Liu Huan] keeps the person you love in mind." (page 35 1)

Press: "original intention", that is, recite the inscription "cherish spring" Li Baiyou's "Cherish Jade Spring Fu" said, "Cherish Jade Spring's ambition, each is not shallow." Spring is coming to an end, so we should cherish it more. This word expresses the whole body's love for spring, without the content of "happy love", so "burning candles to protect happiness" means "happy", not "lover".

In ancient poems, the word "Liu Huan" is frequently used. Yu Xin of the Northern Zhou Dynasty wrote "Shooting Horses in Hualin Garden on March 3", saying, "If you are disappointed, stay happy and return to the dance as soon as possible." Zi Ang wrote in Preface to Li Judong's Night Banquet: "I have been in Beijing for a long time and have received palace guests many times. Although there will be a meeting, there will be a bell and drum in the pool; Gin Orchestra, not bad at night. ..... Recorder Li, I am virtuous and noble, and I am more righteous than a ranger. Gao Xuan bought wine and was the first to greet the guests. ..... So I made a trip on impulse. Andrew didn't want to be happy. He forgot about death. " Li Bai's poem "Dan Qiu in the Search for Yuan in Shimen Mountain, Gao Feng" says: "Stay happy in the long night, and Xiao Qing dialect is still there." In the Song Dynasty, Song Qi's poem "Snow Banquet Answering Swallows and Flying Dragons Looking at Hundred Flowers" said: "Dancers return to the air to compete for beauty, and drunken guests stay in music." Zeng Shuo's poem "Partridges in the sky, Offering a guest a seat in the middle" says: "If you don't stay in a hurry, where can you find spring?" Li's "Hong Lin Jin" (Shan Xiao Bei) says: "When you are drunk with wine, you will be happy in your knees." Yuan Jiesi's poem entitled "Chen Yi Ju Jing" said: "I am often afraid of being wrong and I will forget the dusk." Zhang Yong's "Hundred Poems of Gu Zhongying's Jade Mountain Rhyme" says: "It is better to stay in music than to give up drinking." Li Ming and Meng Yang's poem "kudzu vine visits disciples" says: "Zhang men went out to look for children repeatedly, but kudzu vine did not return." Gu Lin's poem "Night Snow in Southern Shandong" says: "The fire tree and silver flowers reflect the ground, so I stay happy and ask the fifth watch." They all want to stay and play. The word "Liu Huan" in Wang Fuzhi seems to mean the same thing.

Man Jiang Hong

Ming: Wuyang

Battle for great rivers and mountains, after several times, the cause of rise and fall. At a glance, the hero's success or failure will be repeated. Let's sing and dance with perfume, sail and sail, and the elves of he cheng in Tiger Hill will rest here. It's sad to see wuyue's old age. Wu Xu shame, Jingcheng snow. Xu Shen hates, Qin Ting swallows. Shame, like shoulder to shoulder, is a moment of Excellence. Flowers and flowers smoke everywhere, and dragons and dragons spray blood. Up to now, whose salary and courage?

About "Singing and dancing with fragrant brocade sails"

In the first volume of Selected Poems of Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, Xia et al. noted: [Xiang Jin sails] "Notes on Daye":' The emperor is fortunate in Jiangdu, reaching the border. Emperor Royal Dragon Boat, Xiao Fei rode on Fengge, and each boat chose Miaoli woman to hold carved boards and carve gold, which was called the temple foot girl. When a brocade sail crosses the place, it smells fragrant for ten miles. "(page 362)

Publisher: Memorabilia, written by Tang Yan Shigu, the old title. There are three points to discuss in this "selection" First, by comparing with Notes on Qian Daye, the quotations in Xuan are excerpted and should not be regarded as direct quotations, with quotation marks. Secondly, as the saying goes, "Jin Fan travels ten miles when he passes by", see the anonymous Talk about the River instead of Notes on the Great Cause. Third, "every ship chooses beautiful women to carve gold with carved boards", which makes no sense. As the attributive of "engraving gold", "engraving gold" is the attributive of "engraving gold". It is suspected that this passage is quoted from some kind of book, which leads to such mistakes.

This is just a small flaw. What's more, Wu Yun expresses his feelings all around "Old Spring and Autumn is in wuyue". If this sentence is really about Emperor Yang Di, as the annotator said, isn't it Zhiteng? And carefully pondering the quotation of the note, the word "perfume" did not fall to the ground. I think "perfume" and "brocade sail" still belong to the State of Wu in the Spring and Autumn Period. Song Fan Chengda's Record of Wu Jun, Volume 8, Monument, said, "Xiangxi is in the Forbidden City in Wu. As the saying goes, the place where people bathe is called "powder pool". The people of the King of Wu put on makeup here, and the source of the stream is still fragrant. An ancient poem said:' An De Xiang Shui Quan, Zhuo Lang's clothes are covered with dust.' Volume 18 "Sichuan Annals" says: "Beijing means Hao Yan Cheng." . According to legend, the prince of Wu sailed into the sail. Today, the city is here, and it is also a big ship. Occasionally invaded by the people, there is nowhere to live. "

Linjiangxian

Ji You

Ming: Jiang Shijie

The dream is broken, Luo Weichun sleeps lightly, and the wind blows bamboo and knocks on the small building frequently. The stream winds along the hillside. At the beginning of the rain, willows blow, and the sun gradually dries peaches. Laugh at the Beatles and get drunk, so let's get together tonight. Many poems are good for drunkenness. Little Zhong You female tomb, the waning moon and the elder sister-in-law bridge.

On "Laugh at Scarab and Get Drunk Together"

Xia et al. noted in the first volume of Selected Poems of Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties: "In the early Tang Dynasty, the officials of the DPRK wore goldfish bags. In the second year of Tianshou (the year of Wu Zetian), Yu Pei was changed into a tortoise. More than three items, the bag is decorated with gold. Li Shangyin's poem "Be Yourself" said:' Marry a rich man for no reason and live up to the early years of Xiangshan.' "(page 364)

News: The notes and quotations in this article are not true. In fact, the word Jiang Shijie is based on the story of He and Li Bai. The preface to Li Bai's poem Celebrating Prison with Wine says: "The prince is a guest of He Gong, and he met him at Chang 'an Palace, which is called' Death Immortal', because he likes to solve the beetle for wine. "One of the poems said," There are fanatics in Siming, celebrating the romantic season. Chang 'an calls me a fairy as soon as we meet. What used to be a good cup has now become Panasonic dust. Scarab changed wine, but she remembered tears and towels. " Wang Qi in the Qing Dynasty wrote: "The tortoise shell is a kind of juggling, not a tortoise worn by officials at home and abroad in the post-Wu period. Yang Shengan, because there is a saying in Du Fu's poems that "goldfish is wine", and occasionally it is similar. Therefore, he said that when the white weak crown met, Zhongzong Dynasty did not change the Wuhou system. In September of the first year of Wuhou's natural gift, he replaced the fish praised by officials at home and abroad with turtles. In February of the first year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong, officials from the civil and military departments summoned more than five products and still wore fish bags. Taibai was less than ten years old then. How did he meet Zhang Zhi in Chang 'an? I also know that since Kaiyuan, Zhang is just a doctor, ranking seventh, and has not caught any fish in the case. Yang's theory is almost untested. " In addition, Bang's "Technical Poetry Gao Yi" says: "Go from Shuzhong to Jingshi first, and go instead. He Jian heard Zhang's name and went to see him for the first time. It's amazing. Please reply to what you wrote. Published a book "Difficulties in Shu Dao", indicating that those who haven't finished reading are four, and the number is' fallen immortals'. It takes a while to get rid of the scarab and get drunk. Therefore, it is known as Guanghe. " Later poems used this code repeatedly. For example, the song "The Fisherman's Pride in Dongyang County" said: "How long can there be in 90 years? The rich man has no solution. I sent a message to Dongyang wine market, and I was drunk. Now I am very happy to cry for him. " Qin Guan's "Looking at the Tide of the Sea" (Qin Feng is green) says: "Madmen can build lakes. For a hundred years, it has been a swamp, and it has been ruined all day. Scarab had better change wine and get drunk with Cangzhou. " Chao Yidao's poem "Reading He Chuan Jing Jing Jin Jingshi" says: "When fallen immortals see Chang 'an, they talk nonsense. Change the wine to solve the golden turtle, and you will know the gift from the king. "Deng Su's poem" Fu Yun Ming Fu He Lai "said:" Whoever solves the beetle for wine can say that I have closed the carving cage. Liu's "Water Tune Song Tou" says: "Shame the fairy, untie the golden turtle, and change the wine." . Wang Yan's poem Hejian Zhai said: "You can call a drinker a scarab, but you ask the king to learn from the lake. One of Zhang Fu's two poems "Gift" says: "If there is no congratulations on being seated, who can solve the beetle? "Yuan's poem" Drinking with Ningzilian "says:" I love Zhongzhou Shuangguoshi, and you help me solve the scarab. "Ming Yanduo's poem" Restaurant "said:" The half curtain is green and slanting outside, and the spring scenery on the urn is full of peach blossoms. Yao Si once changed places for scarabs. Which one do you know in Chang 'an? The poem "Song of Qinhuai" in the history book says: "Next year, I will pan-Qinhuai, and I will drink it when I solve the scarab." They are all examples for reference.

(Author: Nanjing Normal University College)

New bookshelf

China Series of Western Missionaries in Ming and Qing Dynasties (the second series) is a key publishing planning project in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, and it is also a special funded project of the national ancient book publishing. Mr. Zhou, the editor-in-chief, is a famous scholar, and the specific organizers are mainly from Fudan University, Shanghai University, South China Normal University, Shanghai Normal University and other professional research institutions. The second album * * * has 23 kinds of books, both humanities and natural sciences. First of all, the finisher has a deep professional foundation. For example, the collation of the sequel to Emperor's Law and Justice was done by experts in music history, and Taixi Water Law was done by experts in science and technology history. Therefore, these collating results are not only excellent in collating general ancient books, but also excellent in related disciplines. Secondly, as far as the specific content of the second series is concerned, for example, Kunzhi is an important translation of Tang Ruowang newly discovered in recent years, which is published for the first time. In addition, most of the documents such as Essentials of Transcendental Learning and Continuation of Imperial Justice are sorted out for the first time. Thirdly, a few documents such as Taixi Water Law have been sorted out before, and this time several versions have been collected for sorting out. Fourth, this collation, the version is carefully selected. Many manuscripts were little known or hard to see in previous academic circles, for example, The Theory of a Far Mirror, which was mainly collected in the Western New Law Almanac in the Qing Dynasty. This time, the newly discovered South Korea Kuizhangge engraving participated in the school. Each work is preceded by a specific version introduction and content summary. It is convenient for scholars to understand the specific situation of relevant documents. I believe that the publication of this book will promote academic research and development in related fields.

China Western Missionaries Series in Ming and Qing Dynasties (all eight volumes), published in June 2065438+2007, hardcover 32 edition, priced in 880 yuan.