Paper Keywords Student Management Subject Innovation
This paper summarizes the connotation and position of student management subject, discusses the composition of student management subject, and discusses the innovation of management behavior and management mode of student management subject in the new period: from traditional collectivism to paying attention to individual value; From where? People-oriented management? Deepen into? Competency-based management? .
Student management plays an important role in the daily management of colleges and universities. The quality of student management is not only directly related to the future and destiny of students, the quality of school education and the foundation of survival, but also related to the overall improvement of national quality. With the rapid development of higher education and the overall progress of society, the importance of student management activities has become increasingly prominent. In the process of student management, the management subject is not only one of the three basic elements of management, but also the most important factor of management, which is of great significance.
First, the connotation and status of student management subject
Subject is a philosophical concept at first. Marx repeatedly stressed? People are always the subject? [1], the subject is? Real active people? [2], on the basis of criticizing the subject theory of western traditional philosophy, he really established the subject status of human beings and constructed a? A person who really engages in practical activities? Subject theory with science as the core. Student management is a practical management activity with students as the management object. The subject of student management is the person who is engaged in objective student management, the initiator and undertaker of the whole student management activities, and is in a leading position in the student management activities. The object of management is students, which is completely different from other management practices and other people-oriented management. ? A student refers to a citizen who has obtained or obtained a student status in a legally established school or other educational institution recognized by the state law according to the prescribed conditions and received education in it? [3], most of them are in adolescence, psychologically and physically different from adults. They systematically study subject knowledge and skills in an organized, high-density and high-intensity manner in a relatively concentrated time. At the same time, students' learning activities are only a transitional stage and a part of all personal practical activities. Only through learning can they fully integrate into society and engage in social practice activities, which also makes students have characteristics different from other social groups.
In the process of student management, students are the basis of management, and management subjects are in a dominant position in management activities. As Marx said:? All large-scale direct social labor or * * * coordinated labor needs command more or less. In order to coordinate individual activities, the production of overall labor is different from the overall independent organ movement generated by various general functions. A single violinist commands himself, and a band needs a conductor. ? [4]。 He explained with the metaphor of the relationship between conductor and violinist that social activities need a conductor to coordinate individual activities in order to achieve the overall goal. In student management activities, managers play the role of band conductor. Through his special experience and knowledge of student management, he used specific management methods to promote the realization of the whole management process. In the process of students' management subject applying ideological, disciplinary and administrative means to students, the management subject is always the leading factor of management.
Second, the composition of the subject of student management
When we investigate management subjects, we generally classify them according to different standards, and different standard classification methods are not consistent.
1, Student Management Subject
At present, colleges and universities generally follow the hierarchical management system, and management subjects are divided into school-level management subjects, college (department)-level management subjects and class management subjects. The main body of school-level management includes party Committee, administration and youth league Committee. In most colleges and universities, the student affairs office of the party committee system and the student affairs office of the administrative system are combined into one, and the student affairs office (department) works under the leadership of the school party committee. Under the direct leadership of the school party Committee, the school-level Youth League Committee plays the role of the party's assistant and reserve army. In line with the main body of school-level management, the main body of college (department)-level student management includes the student work office and the college (department) Youth League Committee, and the main body of college (department)-level student management is led by both the party committee at the same level and the corresponding superior organizations. The subject of class student management is the grass-roots subject of student management, mainly counselors or class teachers. They directly face the management object, accept the leadership of the superior subject, and carry out specific management of students. The management subjects at three different levels, the top, the middle and the grass roots, all have corresponding responsibilities, which are both different and an organic whole. The responsibilities of superiors, subordinates and peers are interrelated and coordinated.
The subject of school-level management is not only the manager of the whole practice process of school student management, but also the general leader and person in charge of school student work, which has both the nature of manager and the responsibility of leader. Leadership is a process in which leaders guide and exert influence on individuals and groups in an organization in order to achieve a certain goal; Management is a process of coordinating other people's activities and making full use of various resources to achieve organizational goals. Leadership focuses on the formulation of principles and policies and the decision-making of major issues; The focus of management is the implementation of principles and policies and the implementation of decisions. Leadership is also a kind of management and a high-level management. [5] In a certain sense, college (department) level student management also bears the leadership function, but they focus on the implementation of decision-making and are committed to coordinating all aspects of student work within the college (department). The ability of organization and coordination is very important for intermediate subjects. Correctly handling the interpersonal relationship between middle-level and high-level, middle-level, middle-level and grass-roots is the most important problem that middle-level leaders should solve.
2. Student management subjects can be divided into self-management subjects and school administrative subjects.
College students are professional people with ideals, morality, discipline, education, advanced scientific and technological knowledge and professional skills. Self-management is a distinctive feature of college students. Student self-governing organizations are also an important means for students to maintain group order and protect their rights. Student self-governing organizations, such as student union, class committee, and mass organizations, are important components of student management in colleges and universities. Without their participation, the principles and decisions of school student management cannot be smoothly passed on to every student. The student union is not a first-level administrative organization, but it is generally consistent with the hierarchical management of senior, middle and grass-roots managers. Also branch schools, colleges (departments), classes, and class students are also class committees. Student associations are self-organizing activity groups with interests and hobbies, which have a certain normative effect on members of different societies.
The connection between the main body of school management and the main body of autonomous management is completed by the Communist Youth League committees at all levels. The Youth League Committee is the bridge and link between the school and the students. Communist Youth League committees at all levels supervise and guide autonomous management, but they belong to two management systems, and there is no organizational leadership relationship.
3. The current situation of student management system
In the main system of student management, in addition to horizontal hierarchical management, it should also include vertical subsystems with different functions. The particularity of student management determines that its subsystems include not only decision-making system, execution system, monitoring system and consulting system in general, but also major event early warning system, student work theory research system, mental health consulting system, discipline management system, dormitory management system, social practice guidance system, teaching consulting system and activity fund supervision and management system. The division of labor and cooperation between different subsystems, with the same composition, mutual division of labor and mutual connection, is a whole management. The traditional student management system still has various shortcomings in this respect, and it has not realized the three-dimensional subject of student management, and it is exhausted in the face of the new characteristics of student management under the new situation and acts as a fire brigade. From the perspective of management, this can not be said to be a system defect, which is also one of the important development directions of student management in China. The establishment of each subsystem is not to pave a new stall, but to improve the main structure of management on the basis of the adjustment and integration of the original single manager. All colleges and universities have a strong student work team, so they should make corresponding adjustments at the professional and academic levels and break the shackles of the original system to meet the requirements of the new situation.