Professional introduction
Based on years of teaching in biochemistry, bioinformatics, genetic engineering, fermentation engineering and molecular biology, biochemistry and molecular biology majors also include biochemical drugs, genetically engineered drugs, immunology, interaction between plants and microorganisms, and transgenic stress-resistant plants. The growing point is to study and clarify the biochemical metabolic process of organisms by means of molecular biology and reveal the mechanism of their metabolic changes. Focus on the separation, purification, enrichment, structural identification, transformation or creation of bioactive substances such as drugs, enzymes, antibiotics, toxins, etc., explore the methods and molecular mechanisms of immunotherapy for invertebrates and important crops, so as to stimulate and enhance their potential disease resistance, environmental pollution resistance and drought resistance, predict and confirm the structure and function of some special macromolecular substances, and clarify the molecular mechanisms in the evolution of animals, especially insects, so as to vigorously promote related disciplines, especially
Training objectives
Cultivate basic theories, knowledge and skills of biological science and receive good professional skills training; It has a good potential to continue studying for master's and doctoral degrees, and at the same time has scientific and technological talents who use the theoretical knowledge and skills they have mastered.
research direction
At present, there are four stable research directions in biochemistry and molecular biology, namely:
1, biochemical and bioengineering drugs
Using advanced biochemistry and genetic engineering technology, research functional drugs with the potential to prevent and treat human diseases, including biochemical separation technology, separating and purifying effective components with medicinal functions such as enzymes, protein, peptides, polysaccharides and glycoproteins from animals, plants and microorganisms, and studying their biochemical properties and pharmacological activities, especially the functions of thrombolysis, anti-radiation, anti-inflammation, anti-aging and immune antibodies; The functional protein gene was cloned into prokaryotic or eukaryotic expression system by gene recombination technology, and the engineering strain was constructed to obtain the target genetic engineering drug. It mainly includes two aspects:
(1) Obtaining bioactive drugs Use advanced biotechnology to efficiently separate, purify or prepare bioactive drugs closely related to human health (such as fibrinolytic enzyme for dissolving thrombus, polysaccharide for reducing blood lipid, low molecular weight chitosan for inhibiting cancer, etc.). ), and constantly improve the miniaturization and refinement of separation, purification and identification methods, and clarify the nature, composition, structure, related genes and protein sequence of bioactive drugs, and obtain them through gene cloning or site-directed mutation. (2) The discovery and identification of tumor markers, using the advanced method of protein's genomics, through the reaction characteristics between tumor markers and serum of cancer patients, realize the early diagnosis of cancer.
2, molecular immunology:
The purpose of this study is to establish a method or technical system to make animals and plants gain immunity or high resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses such as diseases, poisons, drought, salinity, low temperature, etc., to clarify the molecular mechanism of their immune resistance, to explore the signal molecules and their modes of action in the process of immune response, and to research and develop immune preparations and immune vaccines in order to achieve the purpose of popularization and utilization; In addition, related resistance functional genes are obtained by molecular biology technology and introduced into target animals or plants for expression, so as to obtain new varieties with enhanced immunity or high resistance. It mainly includes two aspects:
(1) Animal molecular immunity: Taking Musca domestica and Fenneropenaeus China as objects, the innate immune response mechanism of animals in the process of resisting pathogens was studied, including the function of antibacterial factors, the signal pathway of their production and release and the regulation process; (2) Immune-induced plant disease resistance: With potato, strawberry and cotton as the main targets, the method, mechanism and practical application effect of pre-inducing plants or transferring exogenous disease resistance genes with active substances of animals, plants or microorganisms and inducing their expression were studied.
3. Molecular genetics and behavior
This research direction is mainly based on DNA homologous recombination and gene knockout technology, and reveals the molecular genetic mechanism of animal behaviors such as smell, reproduction, obesity, learning and memory from different levels and multiple levels such as animal behavior, neuroanatomy, cell, biochemistry and molecule.
4. Genetic diversity and molecular evolution
This research direction mainly studies the molecular mechanism and adaptive evolution of insect system evolution. According to the molecular evolution information of insect genetic material inside and outside the nucleus, including the information contained in the complete sequence of mt genome, the complete sequence of nuclear 18S rDNA, the complete sequence of functional gene Hox, and the macroscopic morphological results, the systematic evolution of Orthoptera of Insecta and the phylogenetic relationship among various groups were discussed.
Course introduction
Advanced biochemistry
Reveal the composition, structure and movement law of living matter at the molecular level; It is the basic knowledge needed by all disciplines in the field of modern biological sciences. The content of this course mainly includes the following parts: (1) glycoconjugates (2) protein (the basic component of protein structure; The hierarchy of protein structure, the determination of protein structure, the degradation of protein, the folding of protein, etc. (3) Enzymes (4) Biofilm and signal transduction. At the same time, the latest research progress in the field of biochemistry is introduced in combination with the latest progress, covering dynamic and cutting-edge knowledge.
molecular biology
This course first introduces the meaning of molecular biology, its position in life science, its development status and prospect, and the structure, replication, transcription, translation, regulation, mutation, repair and recombination of DNA. At the same time, taking into account the development trend of the discipline, this paper focuses on the application technologies of molecular biology, such as molecular cloning tools, electrophoresis technology, vectors, DNA and RNA preparation, DNA library construction, genetic transformation, gene expression, PCR, and also introduces the synthesis and analysis of protein. It aims to make graduate students understand the new progress of modern molecular biology theory and provide knowledge and technology for related disciplines to clarify problems at the molecular level.
Comprehensive experiment of modern biology
This course focuses on cultivating students' comprehensive experimental ability to apply biological (especially biochemical and molecular biology) experimental means and engage in biological experiments. This course welcomes students to combine their own research direction, select relevant materials, and engage in the experiment of this course purposefully, but requires students to contact the teacher one semester in advance in order to make corresponding preparations and arrangements. The content includes two parts, namely, genetic engineering part and protein part: the acquisition of gene sequence and the design of PCR primers; PCR gene amplification technology; Preparation of competent cells of Escherichia coli; Transformation of foreign genes by calcium chloride method; Alkali cracking to extract a small amount of plasmid; Positive clones were identified by enzyme digestion; IPTG-induced target protein expression; Separation and purification of target protein; The relative molecular weight of protein was determined by SDS-PAGE. Identification of target protein by protein blot; Objective To detect protein by ELISA.
Special topics in biological sciences
This course teaches the latest research progress in biochemistry and molecular biology, such as glycobiology, nucleic acid chemistry, protein structure and function, genetic engineering, protein engineering and fermentation engineering. At the same time, students are required to learn the latest research literature, discuss and write progress reports, so that students can master the development trend of this discipline and do a good job in scientific research.
Biostatistics and software applications
Biostatistics is an interdisciplinary subject between biology and mathematical statistics. Using mathematical statistics to study and solve biological problems is one of the important means of modern biological research. This course mainly introduces the basic principles and methods of biostatistics, involving basic statistical analysis methods such as hypothesis testing, variance analysis, nonparametric testing, regression and correlation analysis. , and using the method of operating on the computer as the main method, introducing data analysis software to draw charts and statistical analysis of commonly used experimental or survey data. Help students discover laws and hidden information from a large number of data. Master the basic application of commonly used data analysis software.
bioinformatics
Bioinformatics is to extract, store, process and analyze all kinds of biological information (especially molecular biological information) by using advanced data management technology, analysis model and calculation software, which provides a powerful tool for exploring complex life phenomena and their laws. Courses for graduate students include: the development trend of bioinformatics and its research contents and methods; Biological information network resources and common search tools; Double sequence alignment; Nucleic acid and protein database.
Specialty English
This course teaches English knowledge of related majors in the field of life sciences. The main contents include biochemistry and molecular biology English, genetics English, ecology English, botany English, cell biology English, microbiology English and so on. By guiding students to read relevant professional English books and papers, their foreign language literature reading ability and English scientific papers writing ability can be further improved.
molecular ecology
Molecular ecology is a new comprehensive subject that applies the principles, techniques and methods of modern molecular biology to solve the ecological and molecular mechanisms of the interaction between living systems and environmental systems. This course summarizes the background, research contents, research methods and basic principles of molecular ecology, and analyzes the research and development trend of molecular ecology. This paper focuses on the basis of ecological evolution and ecological adaptation from the aspects of gene system ecology, protein adaptation, metabolic regulation and interaction omics, and introduces the latest progress in crop molecular cultivation, allelopathy ecology, molecular mechanism of bioremediation and biological gene safety based on my years of research results.
molecular genetics
This course teaches some basic knowledge of molecular genetics. Through learning, students can understand the process of storage, replication, expression and regulation of genetic material in life system. The main contents include the molecular structure and properties of genetic material, genome and chromosome, DNA replication, repair and mutation, DNA transcription and translation, molecular mechanism of gene expression regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, genetic recombination and transposition, etc. Through the study of this course, students can fully understand the molecular essence and regulation mechanism of heredity and lay a solid foundation for scientific research.
Molecular genetic basis of plant nutrition
The molecular genetic basis of plant nutrition is the latest research progress in exploring the theory and method of the intersection between plant nutrition and plant molecular genetics. Its research goal is to improve plant nutritional traits by using the principles and methods of plant molecular inheritance, and to solve soil and plant nutritional problems in agricultural production by biological means. This course will mainly introduce (1) the research progress of plant nutrition molecular genetics in combination with practical application research; (2) The improvement principle of molecular genetics for plant nutritional traits; (3) Molecular genetic characteristics of plants adapting to nitrogen nutrition stress; (4) Molecular genetic characteristics of plants adapting to phosphorus stress; (5) Molecular genetic characteristics of plants adapting to potassium nutrition stress; (6) Molecular genetic characteristics of plants adapting to nutritional stress of trace elements such as iron, copper, manganese, zinc and boron; (7) Molecular reactions of plants to aluminum, lead, mercury, cadmium and arsenic. In order to help students master the basic knowledge and research methods of plant nutrition molecular genetics and understand the latest progress.
phytoecology
Plant ecology is a science that studies the relationship between plants and environment, and it is the most developed branch of ecology. Through classroom teaching and field observation, this course enables students to master the frontier fields and the latest theories and methods of modern plant ecology research, and to understand and grasp the development trends of the subject. Mainly introduced: the ecological relationship between individual plants and environmental factors (including light, temperature, moisture, atmosphere and soil); Plant population ecology; Plant reproductive ecology; Plant community ecology; Plant ecosystem; Applied ecology, etc.
cell engineering
Cell engineering is a biotechnology involving a wide range in modern bioengineering. This course systematically expounds the main technical principles and methods in the field of cell engineering, comprehensively introduces the basic contents of the knowledge system of cell engineering, reflects the latest progress in this field in time, and lays a foundation for students to engage in research and development in the field of cell engineering in the future.
Advanced biostatistics
According to the practical application, this course mainly introduces the matters needing attention in biostatistics application, the collection of experimental data and the experimental design method. The content involves the basic assumptions and principles of statistical analysis methods, multivariate statistical analysis methods (multiple regression correlation, path analysis, factor analysis, canonical correlation, cluster analysis, etc. ) and various modern experimental design methods. And use computer operation to learn related multivariate analysis. Help students improve their experimental data processing ability.
Protein genomics
In the 20th century, life science has actually entered the post-genome era. Protein omics is a new discipline of functional genomics in the post-genome era, and it is also one of the most important and popular research fields in life sciences. The main contents of this course include: holographic preparation of protein samples, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, image analysis of electrophoresis patterns, biological mass spectrometry and protein identification, quantitative methods in protein group research, post-translation modification analysis in protein group research, subcellular protein group research, non-gel technology in protein group research, protein interaction and protein chip, proteomics bioinformatics and proteomics applications in various fields of life sciences. Through the study of this course, students can master the basic theory and research methods of protein's omics and carry out related research.
Higher plant physiology
As an independent discipline, plant physiology is constantly expanding and deepening in content and scope. The most obvious thing is that the concepts and technologies of molecular biology and genetics have been integrated into plant physiology. Therefore, plant physiology in the 265,438+0 century will gradually develop into a brand-new discipline, focusing on the functional realization and regulation of plant life activities, and comprehensively exploring the molecular mechanism of plant growth and development at the level of plant functional genome, protein group and metabonomics. This course includes plant genes, cells, respiration, photosynthesis, biological nitrogen fixation, nutrition and metabolism, plant hormones, growth and development, signal transduction and the relationship between environment and plants.
Genetic biology
Developmental biology is a new discipline in life science and one of the most active research fields in contemporary life science. It uses modern biotechnology to study the development mechanism of multicellular organisms from the life processes of germ cell generation, fertilization, embryo development, growth, aging and death. Integrate molecular biology, cell biology, genetics, biochemistry, anatomy, physiology, immunology, embryology, evolutionary biology and ecology to reveal the essence of life activities. It is not only an important basic life science, but also has broad application prospects. This course will focus on the research trends of developmental biology science, so that students can understand the progress of animal and plant developmental biology, improve their own knowledge structure system, and extend their understanding of life science to the forefront.
Open colleges and universities
A institutions: Peking University, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hunan Normal University, Wuhan University, Lanzhou University, East China University of Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Tongji University, Dalian University of Technology, Zhejiang University, Nanjing University, Jinan University, Fudan University, Shandong University, Dalian Medical University, University of Science and Technology of China, Sichuan University, Northwest A&F University, Jilin University, South China Agricultural University, Northeast Normal University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.
B+ and so on. : Nanjing Agricultural University, Xi Jiaotong University, Southern Medical University, Sichuan Agricultural University, Northeast Agricultural University, Hebei Medical University, Shanxi University, Shandong Agricultural University, East China Normal University, Harbin Medical University, Northeast Forestry University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Hubei University, Beijing Forestry University, Nanjing Medical University, Yunnan University, Inner Mongolia University, Southeast University, Shihezi University, Southwest Jiaotong University, Tianjin University, etc. Nanjing Forestry University, Shanghai Harbin Institute of Technology, Nanchang University, South China University of Tropical Agriculture, Xuzhou Medical College, Heilongjiang University, Guangdong Medical College, Hunan Agricultural University, Yunnan Agricultural University, Nanjing Normal University, Northwest University, Donghua University, Hunan University, Suzhou University, Jiangsu University, Shaanxi Normal University, Guangxi Medical University, Beijing Institute of Technology, Tianjin Medical University, South China University of Technology, Sichuan Normal University, Shanxi Agricultural University.
B: Fujian Normal University, Capital Medical University, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Liaoning University, Qingdao Agricultural University, Zhengzhou University, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Anhui University, Hebei Agricultural University, Zhejiang University of Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Shenzhen University, Guangxi University, Hebei University, Ningbo University, China Pharmaceutical University, Dalian University, Liaoning Medical College, Anhui Medical University and Shanxi Medical University. Fuzhou University, Beijing Jiaotong University, University of South China, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Lanzhou University of Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, China Medical University, Capital Normal University, Qufu Normal University, Beijing University of Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Xinjiang Medical University, Henan Normal University, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Shanghai Normal University, Yunnan Normal University, Jiamusi University, Ningxia University, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Guangxi Normal University.
Career prospects
Most graduates of this major work in laboratories. In addition, criminal investigation and medical examination will also involve DNA analysis technology and PCR technology of this major. Therefore, graduates of this major can also work in the public security system or medical institutions. If your major is related to drugs, you will have more employment opportunities.
expert opinion/advice
Biochemistry and molecular biology have developed rapidly and covered a wide range. In the long run, the development prospect is good. Judging from the number of students enrolled in previous years, the number of students enrolled in biochemistry and molecular biology in various universities is not large, and some famous key universities, such as Peking University and Shanghai Jiaotong University, have fierce competition.