Andreas vesaliua is a professor of anatomy and surgery at the University of Padua. When he was a child, he dissected dead mice and birds to see what was inside. Later, he dissected the human body at the University of Padua. Vesaliua has mastered and accumulated some anatomical knowledge and experience in practice. He pointed out the mistakes in Galen's anatomy and was determined to change this phenomenon and correct the wrong views in Galen's anatomy.

1543, Vesaliua published a book, Human Body Structure, with seven volumes, which systematically and perfectly described the morphological structure of various organs and systems of the human body, and explained how nerves are connected with muscles, how bones receive nutrition and the complex structure of the brain. It breaks through the old authoritative anatomical theory represented by Galen, and accurately describes the structure of human body with a large number of rich anatomical practice materials. The publication of this book clarified the mistakes of Galen School and put anatomy on the right track.

Soon, all the previous books about it were out of date. By the end of 16, Vesaliua's viewpoint on anatomy was gradually accepted by other doctors, and the road of new medical development was gradually opened up.

After Vesaliua, Harvey proved the principle of blood circulation through animal experiments in the17th century, and proposed for the first time that cardiac blood vessels are a closed pipeline system. He opened the curtain for the development of physiology as an independent discipline, separating physiology from anatomy. Levin Hooke invented the microscope; Italian anatomist Marby observed the cells of animals and plants, thus establishing histology. /kloc-In the 9th century, German botanists Schleiden and Wang Shi founded cytology, which promoted the development of histology and cytology. Gorky, an Italian neuroanatomist, laid the foundation of modern neuroanatomy by carefully studying the organizational structure of the nervous system. The research of Spanish neuroanatomist Cahal deepened the research of neuroanatomy. Since19th century, combined with the development of clinical medicine, the study of human anatomy has reached its heyday.