From the perspective of modern psychology, the current psychological situation of college students is worrying. The recent mental health survey shows that college students have become psychologically vulnerable groups, and about 50% of them are in unhealthy or sub-healthy state. What are the common psychological problems of college students? What countermeasures can be taken? Now join me in enjoying the analysis papers on common psychological problems of college students and countermeasures.
First, common psychological problems of college students and their causes
(A common psychological problems of college students.
College students are an important force to promote social progress, and their mental health problems should be highly concerned. With the rapid development of China's economy and society, the pressure on college students is increasing gradually, which is prone to psychological problems. The main manifestations of college students' psychological problems in the new period are: adaptation, study, interpersonal communication, love and sexual psychology, employment and so on.
1. Adaptation problem
The problem of college students' adaptation mainly refers to that college students can't adapt to the new campus environment and life well psychologically, and this kind of problem mainly occurs among freshmen. According to a survey, the proportion of people who are uncomfortable with college life is about 25%. From high school to college, some students have inner conflicts and psychological problems in the face of great changes in the environment. On the one hand, it is inadaptability in life, including inadaptability to environment, inadaptability to independent life and inadaptability to interpersonal relationship. Most freshmen come to a strange city from a place where they have lived for many years. For the first time, I live independently away from my parents, so I feel lonely and lonely. On the other hand, many students are psychologically uncomfortable, mainly because high school has clear goals, accompanied by teachers and classmates, but universities have no goals, and interpersonal relationships have not been established, so they feel confused and confused.
2. Learning problems
After entering the university, some students feel at a loss in the process of learning, because their learning goals are not clear for the time being, their understanding of majors is not comprehensive, and they are not used to the methods of university learning. The learning problems of college students are mainly manifested in unclear learning objectives, insufficient learning motivation and unsuitable learning methods. In high school, students' learning goal is to be admitted to university. After arriving at the university, some students lost their learning goals and motivation. In addition, middle school education is arranged by teachers from pre-class preparation to classroom listening and taking notes, and then to after-class homework, forming the habit of passive learning. In the university stage, students mainly arrange their own study and review, and some students are not suitable for the university learning style because of their low initiative and enthusiasm.
3. Interpersonal communication problems
If people want to survive and develop in society, they must deal with the relationship between good people. At present, there are three problems in college students' interpersonal communication: unwilling to communicate; Dare not associate; Can't associate.
The first is that people don't need to communicate with each other, so they are lonely and withdrawn.
The second is lack of self-confidence and fear of rejection;
The third is the lack of communication skills, communication skills have obstacles. In order to meet the needs of society in the future, it is necessary for college students to improve their interpersonal skills. Due to the limitation of personality and communication ability, some college students are afraid of communication and are not good at communication, which leads to poor interpersonal relationship, psychological loneliness, emotional depression, psychological barriers and extreme behavior.
4. Love and sexual psychological problems
The sexual development of college students is basically mature, and their feelings are in an impulsive period. Due to the lack of this knowledge and other factors, a few college students can't correctly understand and solve sexual psychology and love problems, thus falling into confusion. The common love problems of college students are unrequited love, unrequited love and lovelorn love. Love is the most exciting and painful.
5. Employment problem
Since the implementation of self-employment and two-way choice for college students in China, college students are facing greater employment pressure. Especially after the enrollment expansion of colleges and universities, the employment pressure of college students increases, the competition is stimulated, and even some difficulties appear, resulting in more prominent psychological problems of college students, especially senior graduates. Many college students have not found suitable jobs before or after graduation, and their psychological problems are prominent, especially those with financial difficulties in rural families.
(B) Analysis of the causes of college students' psychological problems.
The main reasons for college students' psychological problems are their own reasons and the influence of external environment. Today's college students are mostly "post-90s". They have been taken care of by their parents since childhood, and their growth path is very smooth, and they rarely encounter setbacks. So their ability to withstand setbacks is generally poor. In addition, they are in a relatively immature psychological and mature physiological stage, and often fidget about love and emotional problems, resulting in a series of psychological problems. Wuhan University's survey on "frustration mentality" shows that 72.3% of 800 freshmen randomly selected from "post-90s" said that they would leave a shadow after encountering setbacks. Even 5. 1% freshmen said they would collapse. Only 9.4% freshmen expressed their willingness to "sum up experience and start all over again". This set of data shows that most post-90s college students have weak psychological quality and obviously insufficient anti-frustration ability.
The external causes of college students' psychological problems mainly come from family, school and society. The influence of family on children is long-term and the most important. Only children are the majority of college students. They lack the influence of collective exercise and life, and their grandparents and parents care too much, which leads to their willfulness, sensitivity, self-centeredness, weak ability to resist setbacks, weak sense of cooperation and collective consciousness, and so on. School reasons. On the one hand, the university management system gives students more independent time and free space, and learning changes from passive to active. Many students will have psychological problems if they don't adapt to college life. On the other hand, the current mental health education in colleges and universities is relatively weak, and students are prone to some psychological problems. Social reasons. With more and more college students, facing the fierce employment competition, they are already very fragile and have greater psychological pressure, especially students with financial difficulties.
Second, the common psychological problems of college students countermeasures
In recent years, many scholars have put forward specific measures for mental health education. The following author mainly puts forward his own views on the common psychological problems of college students.
(1) Establish a four-level prevention and intervention system for psychological crisis in colleges and universities to prevent and deal with psychological crisis events.
Establish a four-level psychological crisis prevention and intervention system for dormitories, classes, colleges and schools in colleges and universities. First-class early warning: Dormitory, give full play to the backbone role of the room director, student cadres and student party member, actively understand the students in the dormitory through various ways, and immediately tell the class teacher and counselor if any abnormal situation is found. Second-level early warning: Class, give full play to the backbone role of class psychological committee members, student cadres and student party member, care about classmates, get in touch with them extensively, understand their ideological trends and mentality through various ways, and report to counselors and class teachers in time if there is any abnormality. Three-level early warning: the college (department) designates a part-time psychological counselor to establish students' mental health files and an early warning database for high-risk personnel with psychological problems. Counselors and class teachers should pay close attention to students' abnormal psychology and behavior, talk with students in a targeted way, help students solve their psychological confusion, report to relevant leaders and departments immediately once they find important situations, and intervene with students in time under the guidance of professionals. Four-level early warning: the school psychological counseling center, the school set up a special psychological counseling center to evaluate the psychological quality of freshmen every year, establish students' psychological health files, and provide psychological counseling to students with psychological problems in time. In addition, the school psychological counseling center is open to all teachers and students, providing professional psychological counseling for all teachers and students. The four-level crisis prevention system from dormitory, class, department to school can quickly reflect psychological crisis, which is conducive to timely finding psychological crisis and timely intervention.
(2) Popularize mental health knowledge and improve college students' psychological quality.
Popularizing mental health knowledge is conducive to improving the psychological quality of college students. Schools should offer compulsory courses on mental health so that students can learn basic mental health knowledge. In addition to offering corresponding courses, it is also necessary to carry out mental health education activities throughout the school, and pass on the knowledge of mental health to every student through activities. The school can carry out a mental health publicity month every semester, and publicize mental health information through lectures, class meetings, essay writing, photography, painting, leaflets and other forms. In addition, each class is required to hold at least two class meetings with the theme of mental health education every semester. By collecting the recent psychological problems of the students in this class, they are discussed at the class meeting, and finally the class teacher puts forward a solution to the psychological problems.
(3) Carry out special education on psychological problems, and carry out special education on common psychological problems of college students.
In different periods of college students' growth, the main problems they face are different, and college students' mental health education should also be treated differently and given targeted counseling. On the one hand, colleges and universities can divide the common psychological problems of college students into several sections, and carry out special education for these sections, such as college students' adaptability education, college students' learning methods education, college students' interpersonal communication education, college students' love and sexual psychology education, and college students' employment education. On the other hand, colleges and universities should also offer targeted mental health courses to help students understand the psychological problems that may occur in different periods and find correct solutions. For example, freshmen should pay attention to the counseling of adaptive psychological problems; For the second and third grade students, it is important to carry out objective education, moral education and emotional education to help them improve their psychological adjustment ability, so that they can correctly judge and adopt correct methods when encountering problems; Senior graduates should be educated on the concept of career choice and given corresponding psychological counseling to help them build up self-confidence and strong character, face the competition with a positive attitude, and adjust their mentality in a self-adjusting way after encountering setbacks.
Strengthening college students' mental health education is of great responsibility. This paper puts forward three measures to reduce and prevent common psychological problems of college students by establishing a four-level prevention system of psychological crisis, popularizing mental health knowledge and giving special education to common psychological problems of college students.
Precautions:
(1) Tang Bolin. Mental Health Education for College Students [M]. Chengdu: Sichuan Education Press, 2006.
2 Party Guanglei. Mental Health Education for Post-90s College Students [J]. Human Resources, 20 13. 1 1.
Causes of common psychological problems of college students
The university stage is a critical period for a person's physical and mental growth and development. For a long time, the financial assistance for poor college students has been the focus of social attention. In fact, the "spiritual help" of some college students can not be ignored. A survey by the research group of psychological quality education for college students in Beijing shows that 16.5% of college students in Beijing have moderate or above mental health problems, among which girls are worse than boys, juniors are worse than seniors, rural students are worse than urban students, and students in remote mountainous areas have the highest proportion of mental health problems, accounting for 19%.
Where does the psychological confusion of college students come from? Generally speaking, it is a "high" and a "low": high, college students are a group bearing high expectations of society and parents, and their desire for self-development is very strong; Low, its psychological development is not yet mature, lack of social experience, poor adaptability. It is this contradiction between desire and impossibility that causes the psychological problems of college students. Specifically, I think it can be considered from three aspects.
The influence of family education
1. Improper education and raising methods. For a long time, under the baton of college entrance examination, schools and parents often adopt the method of exam-oriented education in the process of educating students, focusing only on intellectual education, without infiltrating the cultivation of students' psychological quality and ignoring the cultivation of students' healthy personality. At the same time, a considerable number of parents adopt simple and rude traditional paternalistic means because of their low educational level. This negative parenting style is easy to make children form sensitive, suspicious, inferior, irritable, depressed, anxious, paranoid, hostile and other unhealthy qualities. In a word, there is a positive correlation between college students' mental health level and schools, parents' educational concepts and family rearing patterns.
2. Neglect the family education of college students. Quite a few parents pay more attention to providing financial support for their children after they are admitted to college, and pay less attention to their psychological growth. Family education is a continuous process. Family education in colleges and universities is the continuation of family education in previous stages, but it has its particularity, which is mainly reflected in the fact that family education for college students is mainly non-intellectual education, and its content is to cultivate comprehensive quality in cooperation with schools and society. This requires parents to constantly learn new educational concepts, understand the psychological characteristics of college students, and do a good job in regulating and guiding their psychological pressure.
The influence of social reality
The fierce competition in the market economy has not only promoted the rapid development of all aspects of society, but also triggered a series of social problems. The intense pace of life and great work pressure make people feel depressed and tired. Reform and opening up provide good opportunities for college students, but a series of social unhealthy phenomena have also caused many psychological contradictions of college students, and even personally felt the pain of social transformation, which made college students' personality weaknesses appear and formed psychological diseases.
People's psychological quality is gradually formed and developed with their growth. Because we neglected the cultivation and training of teenagers' psychological quality in the past, it is particularly important to strengthen psychological quality education in higher education. Only by improving their psychological quality can college students face up to social unhealthy phenomena, turn pressure into motivation and better strive for and grasp social opportunities.
Lack of psychological counseling in colleges and universities
School education plays an important role in the formation of personality. College students in adolescence tend to mature physically and mentally, but they have not yet formed a completely healthy personality. Judging from the psychological confusion of college students, many of them are caused by personality disorder. However, it is reported that the psychological counseling center of Peking University Hospital has to consult every Monday to Friday afternoon, and the patients who have made an appointment for treatment have been scheduled for two months; Up to now, 52.2% of colleges and universities in Beijing have not set up psychological counseling institutions or specially trained psychological counseling teachers, and many psychological problems of students are still confused with general ideological problems and given unscientific teaching.
In view of the current situation, colleges and universities should gradually improve their work in two aspects: first, establish professional teams and strengthen psychological counseling functions. Psychological counseling is a highly professional job, and people without professional training are prone to deviation in guiding methods, so it is time for colleges and universities to form a qualified psychological counseling team. Secondly, psychological education should be curriculum-based and multi-channel. At the university stage, most students only encounter some common psychological problems, and it is far better to take the road of prevention for common psychological problems than to "mend it after it is too late". Schools should offer relevant courses according to students' mental health status, and popularize mental health knowledge through school magazines, school radio stations, campus networks and other carriers, so that college students can learn to adjust themselves psychologically, eliminate psychological confusion and improve their ability to bear and cope with setbacks.
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