Yang Guifei is a well-known beauty in China and one of the four beauties in ancient China. Her name is Yang Yuhuan, from Yongle, Zhou Pu (now Yongji, Shaanxi), and she is the daughter of Yang Xuanyan, the manager of Zhou Shu. Yang Yuhuan is beautiful, good at singing and dancing, fluent in melody, and has the appearance of "being ashamed of flowers". It is said that when Yang Yuhuan looked at the peony in the Imperial Garden, all the flowers were pale and ashamed of the beauty of Yuhuan, so he closed the petals. The word "shame on flowers" comes from this. In 734 (the 22nd year of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty), she was accepted as the princess of Li Mao, the 18th son of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty. At this time, Yang Guifei was only 16 years old and Li Mao was about 16 years old. In 737 AD, after the death of Wu Huifei, the favorite concubine of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, there were thousands of palace moths in the harem, none of which could satisfy Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty. In order to win the favor of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Gao Lishi recommended the longevity princess Yang Yuhuan. In 745 A.D., Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty conferred Yang as a noble concubine, and "the father took his son and wife", which became an anecdote in the Tang Dynasty. In 755, after the Anshi Rebellion, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty fled Chang 'an in a hurry. The next year, when the motorcade passed the Ant Post, the army mutinied, forcing Tang Xuanzong to kill Yang He. In desperation, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty asked Yang Guifei to commit suicide, when Yang Yuhuan was only 38 years old. Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow is a tragic story about Xuanzong and Yang Guifei in the Tang Dynasty.
The statement that Yang Guifei committed suicide in Ant Post is an official record. For example, Li Zhao, a native of the Tang Dynasty, said in the Supplement to National History: "Xuanzong was lucky in Shu. When he arrived at Mawei Post, he ordered Gao Lishi's imperial concubine to rest under the pear tree in front of the Buddhist temple, and Mawei Store received a cymbal. It is said that passers-by have to pay 100 yuan every time they borrow it, and they make a lot of profits before and after, making them extremely rich. Yang Guifei died under a pear tree in a Buddhist temple in Mayi. When moving the body, a shoe on Yang Guifei's foot was lost, which led to an old woman making a fortune. For this historical event, Li Zhao's records in Old Tang Shu and New Tang Shu are similar. The historical data of Yang Guifei's flogging quoted in Sima Guang's "Learning from Your Own Experience" is more detailed: after the mutinous soldiers killed Yang, the soldiers of the Sixth Army who were riding the car still refused to move forward and personally ordered it, which was also invalid. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty asked Gao Lishi to ask Chen, commander-in-chief of the army, why? Chen said, "A loyal gentleman betrays a noble concubine, so you can't sacrifice it. May your majesty be merciful and correct the law. "After hearing this, Bian Zong of Tang refused to give up what one favours at first," leaning on his head and standing. For a long time, Jing Zhao Sluvi was preface, saying,' Now people are angry, it is difficult to commit crimes, and their safety is in jeopardy. May your majesty make a decision quickly! However, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty said, "The imperial concubine often lives in the deep palace, knowing the country is loyal and plotting evil?" At this time, even Gao Lishi was uncharacteristic and said to Xuanzong, "The imperial concubine is innocent, but the soldiers killed Guo Zhong, and the imperial concubine is by your side. How dare you be safe! May your majesty judge it and your majesty be safe. " Persuaded by Gao Lishi, Xuanzong "ordered Lux to lure the imperial concubine to the Buddhist temple and kill her". Only in this way can the officers and men of the Sixth Army "launch all plans" (Don Ji 34).
This statement is not only recorded in the official history, but also recognized and adopted by some poems and songs, unofficial history and opera legends. For example, in the winter of the first year of Yuanhe (806), Bai Juyi was appointed as the county magistrate, and his good friends Chen Hong and Wang Zhi also lived in the county. One day, they visited Xianyou Temple and talked about the love tragedy between Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty and Yang Guifei. They are very emotional. Wang suggested that Bai Juyi write poems on this topic. Bai Juyi wrote the well-known Song of Eternal Sorrow, and Chen Hong wrote The Biography of Eternal Sorrow. Chen Hong is a historian. When he wrote the paragraph in which Yang Guifei stayed at the Mayi post, he described it this way: After Yang arrived, the meaning of "left and right" was uncertain. If you ask me, those who dared to speak at that time, please use the imperial concubine to fill the world. It is inevitable to know it, but I can't bear to watch it die. I just hid my face so that I could turn around with it and die under the rulers' group. "
Even so, some people think that Yang Guifei died not by hanging herself, but by the disorderly army. This theory is mainly found in the descriptions in some Tang poems. Du Fu wrote a poem "Mourning for the Head" in Chang 'an, which was occupied by An Lushan in the second year of Zhide (AD 757), including "Where are the perfect eyes and the pearly teeth?" A blood-stained soul has no home and nowhere to go, which implies that Yang Guifei was not hanged at Mawei Post, because hanging will not cause bloodshed. Poems such as "I ask you not to wash lotus blood again" and "I have too much blood and my horseshoe is exhausted" in Li Yi's seven sentences "Crossing the Horse Nest" and "Two Poems Crossing the Horse Nest" also reflect the scene that Yang Guifei was killed by the rebels and died by the sword. Du Mu's Thirty Rhymes of Huaqing Palace is full of blood and scattered feathers. Zhang has "Huaqing Palace and Scheeren" and "Blood Buried Concubine"; Poems such as "Ma Yi Tie" say that "there is no evidence that the soul disappears, and the grass is sad when the blood is buried", and it is also believed that Yang Guifei's blood spilled on Ma Yi Tie, and she was not killed by shackles.
In addition, it is also said that Yang Guifei died of swallowing gold. For example, Liu Yuxi once wrote a poem "Ma Wei Xing". He wrote in his poem: "The green field helps the wind, Huang Chen rides on a horse, and the roadside boy is noble." The tomb is three or four feet high. But I asked Li's middle-aged children, and they all said that they were lucky in Shu, lucky in the military, and the son of heaven gave up the demon Ji. The princes crouched on the door screen, and the nobles held the emperor's clothes, with low eyes and beautiful weather. When you drink gold crumbs, you will feel happy and eat apricot pills for life. The color is really the same. " Judging from this poem, Yang Guifei died of swallowing gold. Mr. Chen Yinque was curious about this statement and made textual research in Bai Yuan's poems and notes. But Chen Yinque does not rule out that Yang Guifei may have swallowed gold before being hanged.
Not only that, some people even think that Yang Guifei did not commit suicide, but escaped after being saved by the switch. And there was such a rumor as early as the Tang Dynasty.
Some people think that Yang Guifei did not die in Maitie, but lived among the people and became a female Taoist. This statement already existed at that time. As recorded in Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow: "Looking back at Yulong, the emperor clung to it and wouldn't leave without turning. The memory and pain are buried in the soil of Maweipo. Where is her white face? "It is said that Xuanzong returned to Chang 'an from Shu after the counter-insurgency, passing by the place where Yang Guifei hanged, hesitating and reluctant to leave, but her bones were no longer seen in the soil of Ma 'anpo. Later, he sent an alchemist to look for "the green void above and the yellow spring below, but he didn't find the one he was looking for in either place." Bai Juyi implies here that the imperial concubine is still alive, neither dead nor alive. Up to now, Mr. Yu Pingbo has made textual research on Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow and Chen Hong's Biography of Song of Eternal Sorrow in On Poetry. He thinks that Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow and Chen Hong's Biography of Eternal Sorrow have different original meanings. If "Long Hate" is the title of the article, it is enough to write a post to the ant. Why should we assume that Lin Qiong Taoist and Jade Princess are too real? Yu Xiansheng believes that Yang Guifei did not die of Ma Wei. At that time, the six armies mutinied, the imperial concubine was robbed and the women entrusted the land. This poem clearly shows that Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty could not be saved, so the imperial edict of granting death contained in the official history would not have existed at that time. Chen Hong's "Song of Eternal Sorrow" said "make people take it away", which means that Yang Guifei was taken away by an emissary and hid in a far away place. Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow says that Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty will rebury Yang Guifei when he returns to Luanhe River. The result is "that memory, that pain." Where is her white face? It is in the middle of the mud under Mawei slope, and even the bones can't be found, further confirming that the imperial concubine didn't die in Maweigang. It is worth noting that when Chen Hong wrote Song of Eternal Sorrow, he pointed out that "Xuanzong Biography exists for people who know the world" for fear that future generations would be unknown. As for those who are "unknown to the world", today there is a Song of Eternal Sorrow, which obviously implies that Yang Guifei is not dead.
There are also various opinions about Yang Guifei's whereabouts in Japan. There is a saying that the deceased was body double, and Yang Guifei fled to Yujin Town, Otsu County, Yamaguchi Prefecture. Shuangshen was a maid, and Chen Aimei, the imperial concubine of the military commander, could not bear to kill her, so she conspired with Gao Lishi to replace her with a maid. Gao Lishi transported the body of the imperial concubine by car, and Chen was the one who examined the body, thus making the plan successful. Yang Guifei, on the other hand, went south under the escort of Chen's cronies. Today, she set sail near Shanghai and arrived in Lukouchi, Japan. 1963, a Japanese girl showed her family tree to the TV audience, saying that she was a descendant of Yang Guifei. Yamaguchi Momoe, a famous Japanese movie star, also claimed to be a descendant of Yang Guifei.
It is said that after Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty put down the Anshi Rebellion, he sent alchemists to the sea to look for it. After the alchemist found Yang Guifei in Jin Jiu, he also gave her two Buddha statues presented by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, and Yang Guifei gave her the Hosta as a gift. These two Buddha statues are still enshrined in Kudo Hospital in Japan, and Yang Guifei finally died in Japan and was buried in Kudo Hospital. There is still a five-wheel tower that is said to be the tomb of Yang Guifei. The Five Wheels Pagoda is five stone pagodas built on the tomb of Yang Guifei. There are two wooden boards in front of Yang Guifei's tomb. One is about the five-wheel tower, and the other is about Yang Guifei. It reads: "The mysterious and romantic tomb of Yang Guifei-the legend of Yang Guifei, the beloved princess of Tang Xuanzong in the Tang and Six Dynasties."
There is even a bizarre saying that Yang Guifei went to the United States instead of Japan. Wei Juxian, a scholar in Taiwan Province Province, claimed in his book China Discovered America that he had verified that Yang Guifei did not die in Mayi, but was taken to distant America.
The folklore that Yang Guifei came back from the dead reflects people's sympathy and nostalgia for her. However, in fact, it is very likely that Yang Guifei died in Maitie. According to the Biography of Gao Lishi, Yang Guifei died because of "sitting for a while". In other words, the soldiers of the Sixth Army hated Yang and implicated Yang Guifei. This is the point of view of Gao Dui. Because Empresses in the Palace was written according to his dictation, and judging from the situation of Aunt Ma's incident, it is difficult for Tang Xuanzong to explain Yang Guifei's death. After Yang Guifei hanged herself, the body was transported from the Buddhist temple to the post office and placed in the yard. Also call Chen He and other soldiers in to have a look. Yang Guifei died in Mayi, and the old and new historical records such as The Book of the Tang Dynasty and As a Mirror are clear, as are the notes and miscellaneous histories of the Tang Dynasty such as Biography of Gao Lishi, Supplement to Tang Shi, Miscellaneous Notes of Ming Di and Deeds of An Lushan.
It should be said that the historical data of Yang Guifei's murder in Ma Yi Tie is quite informative and recognized. However, the statement that Yang Guifei became a monk and fled to Japan is also well-founded and cannot be easily denied. All this needs new historical materials to discover and solve this mystery for us.