After the French occupation of Indian zhina, Cam Ranh Bay was opened as a large commercial port, and warships could refuel here as berthing points (only for supply, an informal military port). However, the French Far East Fleet (or "French Pacific Fleet") mainly docked in Tokyo Bay (Beibu Gulf) and Shanghai Port, not Cam Ranh Bay, and the main resting place in zhina was Haiphong Port (now Vietnamese Haiphong).
In the Russo-Japanese War, France was an ally of Russia. The Russian Second Pacific Fleet arrived in Cam Ranh Bay at the end of September 1904 to rest and refuel, and hundreds of warships of the Russian Baltic Fleet assembled here. Two months later, I went out to sea to Vladivostok ("The Yellow Sea Battle broke out on the way"). Russia first used Cam Ranh Bay as a large military port.
1935, France began to build a naval base here. From 65438 to 0940, Cam Ranh Bay was occupied by the Japanese Empire and became the base for its invasion of Malaya and the Netherlands Indies (now Indonesia).
From 1945 to 1954, France entered. Subsequently, from 1965 to 1967, the United States spent more than 300 million dollars to expand Cam Ranh Bay Port, including an airport, two 2,800-meter-long runways and hangars.
In the 1970s, the military strength of the Soviet Union advanced by leaps and bounds. From 1973 to 1978, the Soviet Union's military expenditure is closer than that of the United States10 billion US dollars. With the continuous growth of military strength, the Soviet Union's ambition of foreign aggression and expansion is also expanding. At that time, Soviet leaders even declared that "there is no corner on the earth that is not considered by the Soviet Union". As a result, the Soviet Union launched a series of dazzling offensives to the western world, and its hegemonic global strategy also matured and was put into practice.
1975, the Vietnam war ended, Vietnam was unified, and its military strength was greatly improved. The number of Vietnamese troops has reached1000000, and it has billions of dollars worth of new American-made weapons and equipment left by the withdrawal of the United States, and is known as "the third military power in the world". Driven by their respective strategic interests, the relationship between Su Yue has rapidly warmed up.
1975 10 10 In October, the Vietnamese party and government delegation went to Moscow for their first visit to the Soviet Union after the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. The Soviet Union mobilized 1 10,000 people to welcome them.
Since 1976, the Soviet Union has increased its military assistance to Vietnam, averaging $65,438 billion a year, and Vietnam's dependence on the Soviet Union is increasing day by day.
1June, 978, with the help of the Soviet Union, Vietnam became a full member of the Economic Mutual Aid Association; In June 65438 +065438+10, the Soviet Union and Vietnam signed the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation between the Soviet Union and Vietnam.
As one of the important conditions for Su Yue's alliance, Vietnam handed over Cam Ranh Bay base to the Soviet Union in 1979, and Su Yue signed a 25-year lease. Since then, the Soviet Union has deployed naval supply facilities and electronic interception equipment in Cam Ranh Bay. In this way, Cam Ranh Bay became a springboard for the Soviet Union to pursue hegemony in Southeast Asia. Its outpost in the western Pacific extends 2000 nautical miles from Vladivostok to the south, reaching the South China Sea and the Gulf of Siam, and reaching the Straits of Malacca, a passage between the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean.
The expansion of the Soviet Union in Southeast Asia, from Afghanistan to the Gulf, showed a trend of going hand in hand. The Soviet Union connected its western line (Europe) with its eastern line (Asia-Pacific) and southern line (Middle East and Gulf), thus taking an extremely important step to complete its global strategic deployment.
In the 1970s, the Soviet Union's expansion strategy was embodied in three fronts: the west, the south and the east.
The western front is the focus of contention between the Soviet Union and the United States. Three-quarters of the Soviet troops were deployed in the European continent and eastern Europe of the Soviet Union, with a total of 3.2 million people. In addition, about 80% of medium and long-range missiles, 70% of naval forces and 74% of air and air defense forces have been deployed. The launching of these forces made the Soviet Union's military strength occupy a dominant position in Europe.
On the southern route, the Soviet Union stepped up its southward strategy, vigorously strengthened its penetration and expansion in the Middle East and Africa, went straight to the Strait of Hormuz, the "throat" of the southern oil source and resource channel, and blocked Europe from the flank. 1979 12, the Soviet Union sent 654.38+million troops to invade Afghanistan on a large scale, which marked a serious escalation of the Soviet Union's foreign expansion. The Soviet Union tried to use Afghanistan's strategic position and South Yemen, which had been controlled by Afghanistan, to launch a pincer attack on the Persian Gulf from the northeast and southwest wings, open the door of the South Persian Gulf, enter the Indian Ocean, and form a circuitous encirclement of Europe.
On the eastern front, the Soviet Union actively strengthened its military strength in the Asia-Pacific region. 1978165438+1October, the Soviet Union and Vietnam signed a treaty of friendship and cooperation in the nature of military alliance. Since then, Vietnam has actually become the forward base for the Soviet Union to expand southward. The Soviet Union supported the "Indo-zhina Federation" plan of former Vietnamese leader Du?n's, and turned Cam Ranh Bay, the former US naval base in Vietnam, into a Soviet naval base. After that, the Soviet Union linked the eastern route of its aggression and expansion with the strategy of going south, and then linked the eastern and western routes.
1On May 2, 979, two months after the Sino-Vietnamese self-defense counterattack ended, the Soviet Union and Vietnam signed an agreement for the Soviet Navy to use Cam Ranh Bay as a material and technical support station for a period of 25 years. After that, the largest overseas military base in the Soviet Union was built here, with a total area of 100 square kilometers. The infrastructure has been completely transformed, and an independent mixed aviation corps has been stationed at the nearby airport. According to the treaty, the port can deploy at most 10 surface ships, 8 submarines and 6 auxiliary ships. Cam Ranh Bay Material Technical Support Station mainly performs the logistics and technical support tasks of the Soviet Navy's Pacific Fleet 17 sub-fleet, and ensures that the officers and men of the Soviet Navy who perform combat missions in the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean rest here. The capacity of the base oil depot is 7000 tons. Soviet troops deployed anti-submarine and missile weapon bases and technical maintenance troops in Cam Ranh Bay. The security and defense of military facilities are the responsibility of the Soviet Marine Corps.
On February 28th, 1979, the first batch of Soviet navy logistics auxiliary ships docked in Da Nang. By the end of this year, * * * has 35 sub-ships in Da Nang and Cam Ranh Bay for a short rest.
1980 65438+ 10, the Soviet Pacific fleet began to send ships to the South China Sea. In June of the same year, the fleet stationed in Da Nang moved to Cam Ranh Bay.
During the period of 1980- 1982, the Soviet warships going to Cam Ranh Bay for rest were always/kloc-0-15, in which the aircraft carrier "Minsk" went to the South China Sea twice in 1980 and 1982 respectively.
After June 1980, all fighters stationed in Da Nang were redeployed to Cam Ranh Bay Airport. Cam Ranh Bay Airport usually maintains four planes, which rotate every two months. Since 1983, the number of Soviet ships operating in the South China Sea has gradually increased and stabilized. Soviet ships stationed in Cam Ranh Bay are usually maintained at 20-30 ships, including 4-6 combat ships, which are rotated once every six months; The rest are logistics auxiliary ships, which rotate every 3-4 months.
During the period of 1983- 1987, Soviet naval vessels conducted exercises, training and reconnaissance in the South China Sea of Cam Ranh Bay. 1983165438+1October, the Soviet Pacific Fleet Air Force also sent nine Badger bombers from the mainland to Cam Ranh Bay Airport.
Since 1979, the Soviet Union has successively expanded the wharf and airport of Cam Ranh Bay base and built two satellite communication stations. 1 In early 1984, the Soviet Union deployed its Marine Corps1battalion in Cam Ranh Bay. The following year, the Soviet Union and Vietnam set up a joint military base headquarters in Cam Ranh Bay, equipped with various reconnaissance equipment and personnel. By the end of this year, Cam Ranh Bay base has become the largest overseas military base of the Soviet Union.
In 1980s, Cam Ranh Bay, as an important bridgehead of Soviet-American maritime military competition, was the largest Soviet military base overseas. Under normal circumstances, the base has a maximum of 4,000 to 7,000 troops, and a squadron 16 Tu-16 bomber and a squadron 14 fighter jet are deployed. Soviet warships sailing in the Indian Ocean, the Pacific Ocean and other sea areas all refuel, replenish and maintain here. There are more than 10000 Soviet soldiers and their families in Cam Ranh Bay base. The US intelligence agency called this facility "the third largest facility outside the Soviet Union".
1in April, 1988, the Soviet navy withdrew its guided missile cruiser from the South China Sea. Since then, it has basically stopped sending large surface combat ships to perform duties there. 1989 10, the Soviet Union withdrew its communication command ship in Cam Ranh Bay and some personnel and equipment of the Marine Corps Battalion. 1988- 199 1 In the first half of the year, the Soviet navy only kept 10- 15 ships in Cam Ranh Bay. 199 1 In the second half of the year, the Pacific Fleet withdrew about three-quarters of its warships and planes from Cam Ranh Bay.
199 1 After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Russia inherited the right to use the Cam Ranh Bay base.
However, the differences between Russia and Vietnam on the use of Cam Ranh Bay base have increased. Vietnam plans to turn Cam Ranh Bay into civilian use, so it keeps putting pressure on Russia to try to force it to withdraw its troops. In Russia's view, with the contraction of its military strategy, the military value of Cam Ranh Bay base has also been greatly reduced. In addition, Russia's domestic economy is difficult and it is unable to pay expensive fees. Under this circumstance, Russia has accelerated the pace of withdrawing troops from Cam Ranh Bay base.
19911On February 22nd, the last large warship stationed in Cam Ranh Bay, the 8,000-ton destroyer Admiral spiro, returned to Vladivostok. Due to insufficient funds and poor management, four naval reserve officers originally stationed on a ship in Cam Ranh Bay died of malnutrition and overwork. In addition, the fuel shortage has greatly affected the navigation of ships. At the same time, Vietnam has also taken measures to restrict Russian personnel from entering and leaving the base, strengthen base patrol, and strictly approve Russian ships and planes entering and leaving Cam Ranh Bay port. By1March 1992, Russia had only three logistics ships in Cam Ranh Bay, and the number of soldiers and their families stationed in Cam Ranh Bay gradually decreased to 1000.
199565438+February 12, in this cold winter, five Su -27 fighters of the "Russian Warriors" air show team mysteriously disappeared over the Cam Ranh Bay military base in Vietnam on the way back from Malaysia International Air Show. The tragedy in Cam Ranh Bay claimed the lives of four outstanding aerobatics pilots of the Russian Air Force. This is a painful day in the history of the Russian Air Force and a sad day in the history of aerobatics in the world.
In the 1990s, Russia and Vietnam held constant consultations on the rent of Cam Ranh Bay, but the negotiations on this issue between the two countries finally ran aground because of the rent price.
In September 2000, Russia forgave 85% of Vietnam's 1 1 billion dollars debt, but Vietnam continued to demand that Russia pay 400 million dollars in Cam Ranh Bay rent every year. According to Russia's economic situation, it is simply unbearable and we have to give up.
In 200 1 year, the Russian leadership decided not to extend the treaty with Vietnam, dissolved the naval material technical support station in Cam Ranh Bay ahead of schedule, and the last batch of Russian soldiers left Cam Ranh Bay in May 2002.