Born in rural Punjab, India, he died in Oxford, England. He studied at Punjab University and Cambridge University, and 1952 received a doctorate in philosophy from Cambridge University. 1957 Professor of Theoretical Physics, Imperial College London, London. 1956 to 1974, member of Pakistan atomic energy commission,196/kloc-0, chief scientific adviser to the president of Pakistan and member of scientific committee. 197 1 was the chairman of the United nations science and technology advisory Committee. 1959 was elected as a member of the Royal Society, and 1973 was elected as the vice chairman of the International Association of Theoretical Physics and Applied Physics. He is also an honorary member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, a foreign member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.