Different scholars have different views on the meaning of psychological quality. The following are several representative views.
Yan Xu believes that psychological quality is a stable psychological quality based on innate endowment and formed and developed under the influence of acquired environment and education. This definition basically explains the essence of psychological quality, but it does not explain the relationship between psychological quality and individual psychological quality, nor does it emphasize the relationship between psychological quality and people's various practices. Liu Huashan believes that psychological quality is the comprehensive expression of individual psychological quality in people's life practice. This definition captures the core content and characteristics of psychological quality, but the reality of life mentioned in this definition is general and not targeted enough. Zhang Dajun believes that psychological quality is based on physical quality, which internalizes what is obtained externally into a stable, basic and derivative psychological quality, which is closely related to people's social adaptation and creative behavior. This definition clearly explains the formation and characteristics of psychological quality. It emphasizes that psychological quality is closely related to people's social adaptation behavior and creative behavior. This view is reasonable, but the psychological development of students has its age characteristics. The emphasis of psychological quality education and psychological quality structure should be different at different ages. Social adaptive behavior and creative behavior are not equally important to students of all ages.
Based on the above viewpoints, we believe that the psychological quality of college students is a comprehensive expression of psychological quality closely related to college students' study, academic research and life practice, which is formed and developed on the basis of physical quality through the role of acquired environment and education.
2. The characteristics of psychological quality
Liu Huashan comprehensively and accurately summarized the characteristics of psychological quality. After simplifying its point of view, we can think that psychological quality has the following four characteristics:
Relative stability and developability. Psychological quality is an individual's psychological trait, not a person's individual psychological or behavioral performance, not to mention a person's psychological and behavioral performance at a time and place. However, psychological quality is always in development and has the function of self-extension.
Comprehensive. Psychological quality should not be studied from the perspective of pure psychological process or psychological characteristics, nor should psychological quality be simply regarded as feeling, perception, memory, thinking, emotion, will and its characteristics. The study of psychological quality should start from the personality level. Psychological quality is the comprehensive expression of individual psychological quality in study, work and life practice.
Assessability. Psychological quality has an impact on the effectiveness of human activities, so it has social evaluation significance; Its quality is high and low. Some psychological qualities of people, such as introversion and extroversion, generally have no influence on the effectiveness of people's behavior, so they should not be included in people's psychological qualities.
Basic. Psychological quality is not the specialized knowledge and skills acquired by college students in a specific field, but the synthesis of psychological quality that has an important influence on the effect of college students' study, life, social adaptability and creativity.
3. The relationship between psychological quality and several related concepts
Psychological quality is closely related to ability, personality traits, mental health and creativity, but psychological quality is also different from the above concepts.
Simply put, psychological quality is a comprehensive expression of various psychological qualities. Ability and personality traits are the core content of psychological quality, but psychological quality is not a simple patchwork of ability and personality traits, but a comprehensive performance of personality psychological quality that has an important impact on college students' study, research and life practice.
Mental health is a state of mind. When individuals are in this state, they are not only in good self-condition, but also in harmony with society and can exert greater psychological efficiency. Mental health is the expression of good psychological quality, which is a necessary condition for mental health.
As for creativity, we can all understand it on the intuitive level; But so far, I'm afraid I can't find a definition of creativity recognized by scholars. Psychologists have put forward several theoretical models about creativity, among which Robert Jeffrey Sternbers put forward a three-sided model of creativity, that is, creativity includes creative intelligence, creative intelligence style and creative personality level, which represents that scholars tend to understand the development trend of creativity by integrating the cognitive, personality and social aspects of creativity. At present, the existing research results show that human creativity is influenced by intelligence, knowledge, way of thinking, personality, motivation and environment. Although the age of the best creativity in different disciplines is not exactly the same, generally speaking, the age of the best creativity is between 23 and 40. Therefore, college students should prepare intellectually and psychologically for future creative study, academic research and work. It is true that creativity is an important aspect of college students' psychological quality structure, but it is not the whole or even the most important part of college students' psychological quality structure. Perhaps, college students' outlook on life, values and social adaptability are more important components of college students' psychological quality structure.
Fourthly, thinking about the construction of college students' psychological quality.
The study of college students' psychological quality structure is related to a series of problems such as the establishment of psychological quality evaluation system, training specifications and implementation plans. Psychological quality is an important part of people's comprehensive quality, and it is also the basis and carrier of social and cultural quality; Psychological quality is the intermediary between external stimulus and human behavior, and also the intermediary between social and cultural quality and physical quality. In view of the important position of psychological quality in the development of individual quality, it is a basic theoretical work to understand the structure of psychological quality when implementing quality education, which should be the starting point of quality education, especially psychological quality training.
1. Requirements and strategies for the construction of college students' psychological quality
When determining the psychological quality structure of qualified college students, we should pay attention to: (1) reflecting psychological quality is a comprehensive expression of individual psychological quality, and psychological quality is not an isolated aspect of human psychological phenomenon. (2) Reflect the basic psychological quality that college students should have in their study, scientific research and life practice. (3) Considering both the needs of college students' development and growth and the requirements of the country, society and the times. (4) We should not only base ourselves on the present, but also focus on the future needs, emphasizing the requirements of the future society for students. (5) Starting from the age characteristics of students' psychological quality development and the "zone of recent development", this paper focuses on the psychological quality structure of college students at this specific age.
Research strategy: (1) adopt the principle of combining theoretical research with empirical research, with theoretical research as the guidance and experimental research as the means; Adhere to the combination of practicality, feasibility and logical accuracy. (2) Adopting the modeling principle of diversification of research indicators, the index system of psychological quality model is established through experts (theoretical orientation), employers, college teachers (professional orientation) and students (personal orientation).
2. The structure of college students' psychological quality
Many scholars have put forward the possible structure of students' psychological quality. For example, Wang Jisheng thinks that people's psychological quality is a dynamic synthesis of multi-category, multi-factor and multi-quality systems, including intelligence factors, non-intelligence factors, mental health and potential factors. Liang Ningjian believes that psychological quality includes mental health level, personality characteristics, cognitive style, metacognition and intelligence. Although these two studies are of reference value to the construction of college students' psychological quality structure, they both regard the level of mental health as an integral part of students' psychological quality structure, and obviously confuse psychological quality (internal) with psychological quality performance (external). The follow-up research has great reference value for the construction of college students' psychological quality structure.
Through questionnaire survey, Yan Xu found that the psychological quality structure of normal college students includes six aspects: social adaptation quality, self-improvement quality, occupational character quality, ability quality, interpersonal management quality and regeneration quality. Among them, each quality includes several psychological qualities. The disadvantage of this study is that the sampling range is narrow. Although the results can reflect the psychological quality structure of normal students, they may not fully explain the psychological quality structure of college students.
Zhang Dajun and others theoretically constructed the psychological quality structure of middle school students, including cognitive factors, personality factors and adaptation factors, and verified their psychological quality structure through questionnaires. The psychological quality structure of middle school students constructed in this study is simple and clear, and cognitive factors, as an important psychological quality component, truthfully reflect that learning is their main activity. However, the psychological development characteristics of college students are quite different from those of middle school students, and the state and society have higher requirements for college students. Therefore, whether the psychological quality structure of college students is the same as that of middle school students as a whole needs further research and verification.
Huang Guangguo, a scholar in Taiwan Province, believes that high-quality individuals in modern society should have the following characteristics: self-disciplined moral sentiment, adaptive cognitive and behavioral ability, motivation to pursue Excellence, balanced value system, integrated self-regulation system and open-minded outlook on life. The above viewpoints put forward by Mr. Huang are undoubtedly of great reference value to the construction of college students' psychological quality structure, but a balanced value system, a complete self-regulation system and an open-minded outlook on life are the first level of the above psychological research.
Liu Huashan analyzed the psychological quality theoretically, and put forward that students' psychological quality includes correct attitude towards life, positive self-concept, dedication and responsibility, caring and cooperation spirit, wisdom and creativity, practice and survival ability, frustration and persistence. The above seven factors respectively reflect the relationship between students and internal and external aspects in their study, research, work and life practice, that is, the basic psychological qualities that students should have in the whole life, themselves, work and society, others and groups, knowledge and information, practical things, difficulties and stress situations. These seven factors are logical, but they need to be verified or corrected through empirical research.