It has been the territory of the Tubo dynasty since the 7th century and became an independent tribe in the 9th century. /kloc-After the 0/2nd century, the Zhuba Kagyu Sect of Tibetan Buddhism gradually became the sect in charge of secular power. [2] 65438 was invaded by Britain from the late 8th century. The Kingdom of Bhutan was founded in 1907. 191065438+10, and signed the Punaka treaty with Britain. [2] 1949 In August, it signed the Treaty of Permanent Peace and Friendship with India. Since 196 1, the King of Bhutan has repeatedly stated publicly that he wants to safeguard the sovereignty and independence of the country. 197 1 Join the United Nations, 1973 become a member of the Non-Aligned Movement, 1985 become a member of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation. In February 2007, it signed a revised non-India friendship treaty with India. It is stipulated that Bhutan's foreign relations should accept India's "guidance".
Bhutanese account for about 50% of the total population, while Nepalese account for about 35%[2]. Bhutanese "Zongka" is the official language [2]. Bhutan is the last country in the world to open TV and Internet.
Chinese name: Kingdom of Bhutan
Mbth: Kingdom of Bhutan
Abbreviation: Bhutan
Mainland: Asia
Capital: Thimphu
National Day:190765438+February 17.
National anthem: Dragon Kingdom
Country code: BTN
Official language: Bhutanese
Currency: Nurturam
Political system: parliamentary monarchy
State leaders: Jigme Hersal Namgal wangchuck (King), Lota Lin Ze (Prime Minister)
Population: 749,000 (2020)
Population density: 20.2 people/km2 (2020)
Main ethnic groups: Bhutanese, Nepalese
Main religions: Tibetan Buddhism, Hinduism
Land area: about 38,000 square kilometers.
Gross GDP: about $2.546 billion (20 19).
Per capita GDP: about US$ 3,432 (20 19)
Road traffic: drive on the left.
National flower: Meconopsis breviflora.
National symbol: dragon
The largest city: Thimphu
Relations with China: No diplomatic relations.
Main University: Royal University of Bhutan
Regional position
Bhutan, located in the south of Asia, is a landlocked country on the southern slope of the East Himalayas. It is bordered by China and Tibet in the northwest and north, and by Sikkim, West Bengal and Shannan region in China in the west, south and east, with a total area of 38,394 square kilometers.
topography
Bhutan's topography is very different, with high in the north and low in the south. It gradually descends from north to south and is divided into northern mountains, central valleys and southern hilly plains. Except the Duval Plain in the south, mountains account for more than 95% of the total area. In addition, Bhutan's altitude varies greatly. One is the Manas River, the lowest in the country, located in the southeast, with an altitude of only 97 meters. The other is the northern Himalayas, where the peaks are all above 6000 to 7000 meters above sea level. Mount Kulakangri is 7554 meters above sea level, which is the highest point in Bhutan. Glaciers in Bhutan are mainly distributed in the mountains in northern Bhutan, accounting for 10% of the total area of Bhutan. These glaciers are an important source of renewable water resources for rivers in Bhutan, which can bring a lot of fresh water resources to the people of Bhutan every year.
Bhutan is a mountainous country with many branches in addition to the Himalayan main vein. Most of these branches are north-south and the terrain is high in the north and low in the south. The northern end of most mountains is above 5000~7000 meters above sea level, which is above the snow line all the year round.
Climatic characteristics
Bhutan is high in the north and low in the south; The southern mountainous area has a subtropical climate, wet and rainy, with an annual precipitation of 50,006,000 mm; The climate in the central valley is mild, and the annual precipitation is 760 2000mm. Altitude 180 7550 meters.
Food and drink
Traditional Bhutanese food is spicy. However, for tourists from China, they will provide China and Indian food to China people. Those who love adventure and seek excitement can try local delicacies, such as those delicious and hot ethnic dishes in Bhutan. Emma Datshi is made of pepper and local cheese. But in hotels, restaurants usually provide buffets.
The living habits of Bhutanese are similar to those of China, and they also eat jiaozi. However, Bhutanese food is more spicy than Sichuan food in China. Bhutanese regard peppers as vegetables, not spices. Every roof is covered with red pepper. In daily life, Bhutanese not only add a lot of dried peppers to any dish, but also like to eat raw peppers that are not chopped in cold salad directly as salads.
Faith: multicolored prayer flags
Whether on the hillside or in front of the roof, colorful flags fluttering in the wind can be seen everywhere in Bhutan. The scene is spectacular, simple and mysterious. Locals say that people believe in Tibetan Buddhism, and these five-color flags are actually prayer flags printed with scriptures. Previously, this prayer flag, which is three feet long and 1 foot wide, was printed with six proverbs of "Om, Ma, Ni, Pa, Mi, moo", dragons and tigers. The edge of the flag is blue, white, red, green and yellow, symbolizing blue sky, white clouds, flames, green water and land.
Dress
Walking on the streets of Thimphu, the capital of Bhutan, you can see Bhutanese women wearing ankle-length "Kira" skirts; Men are taking off their coats with big sleeves, wearing traditional robes called "Guo" on their upper bodies, white and tidy cuffs on their arms, and knee-length skirts and stockings on their lower bodies. According to local people, big sleeves can be used as pockets. If you put something in your sleeve and hold the cuff with your hand, the contents will not fall out. Men's clothes have neither buttons nor pockets, and they only rely on a wide belt to tighten their clothes, thus forming an "open mind" of Bhutanese men, and everything that can't fit in their sleeves can be put into their arms. The adults piled up the "odds and ends" that they held in their arms. Students don't have to carry schoolbags at school, all stationery books are in their arms, and their clothes are bulging.
travel
Many temples and castles in Bhutan are built on the hilltops around Thimphu Valley. In the west, Pazhuoting Temple is built at an altitude of 10000 feet, overlooking the whole city. Built in 1748. In the next few years, it was built continuously, and the surrounding mountains could be clearly seen from Pazhuo Pavilion.
Not far from Thimphu, Deqin Qulinzong is the palace. All members of the royal family live there except the king. It is located between spacious lawns, ponds and willows. This beautiful three-story building is built in a traditional way from architectural style to furnishings. On the other side of the palace is Tangguchari, the oldest temple in Bhutan, where monks practice his meditation and soaring methods. In Thimphu Valley, other interesting places are pagodas, handicraft shops and rose gardens built in memory of King jigme wangchuck.
Sintoka Castle is located at the entrance of Thimphu Valley, 5 miles from Bhutan's capital. Awang South Street was built at 1627. This beautiful building is the oldest temple with retaining wall in Bhutan. It was the first social and religious education center in the country. It has become a college for monks to study Buddhist culture.
Kamshayelinaye Monument is the only stupa in Bhutan dedicated to various dharma gods. It is a holy place for this Himalayan country to take refuge from disasters and pray for peace and tranquility in Bhutan. It is said that Siddhartha Gautama at the top of the tower spoke. The world can only find such a memorial tower dedicated to gods and buddhas as a pagoda for protecting the country, and its floors are dedicated to different gods for protecting the country.
Tiger Cave Temple is the most sacred Buddhist temple in Bhutan and is known as one of the top ten super temples in the world. Located on the cliff wall 3000 feet high in Palo Valley. Legend has it that Master Lotus Peanut flew here on a tiger and meditated in the cave. After Master Lotus Peanut left, he set up the Tiger Cave Temple, which made this place a place of Buddhist enlightenment. Tiger Cave Temple was built in 1692. After a fire, the temple was seriously damaged. 1998 Reconstruction. It is said that from 20 10, ordinary tourists are forbidden to enter the Tiger Cave Temple, and even the entry of Buddhists is strictly restricted. According to ancient records, Master Lotus Peanut practiced here for three months in the 8th century AD, and conquered the mountain gods and ghosts who occupied the mountains in Bhutan at that time.
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Boiled Chili with cheese
Bhutanese love chili very much, and locals will regard chili as a vegetable, not just a seasoning. In addition to cold dried Chili, there is also a kind of cheese boiled Chili, which is a representative national dish of Bhutan. It tastes spicy and fragrant. Pepper will stimulate your taste buds while tasting mellow milk. White cheese and bright red pepper have a unique taste experience under the impact of their colors, and they are a dish that must be tasted.
buttered tea
The eating habits of Bhutanese are similar to those of Tibetans in China. They all like butter tea and highland barley wine. Buttered tea is a special drink, sweet and salty, and its texture is similar to sesame paste. The rich drinking taste is one of the reasons why people like it.
Redmi
Rice is the staple food of Bhutanese, and the common choices are white rice and Redmi, while light brown Redmi is actually a kind of brown rice, which is especially suitable for growing in poor plateau soil. The color of rice grains is obviously red, and curry is delicious. Although it is not as fragrant as white rice, it is rich in nutrition. The arable land in Bhutan is very limited, and the most fertile land is often the valley. You can often see layers of green terraces, and a small acre of land extends to the horizon.
Buckwheat cake and broken corn
Bangdang is located in the higher east, which is not suitable for growing rice, so buckwheat has become the staple food of local people. Buckwheat pancakes are a bit like China's New Year cakes, sticky and delicious. Bhutanese hosts usually prepare surprisingly sweet hot milk tea, or Tibetan butter tea with salt and butter, with simple snacks, such as broken corn and cornflakes similar to western breakfast. But in the hotel, these simple staple foods, plus cheese and stuffing, are gorgeous, from sparrows to phoenixes.
Stone cheese skewers
Visiting the vegetable market in Bhutan is definitely one of the climaxes. There is a food market in Thimphu every weekend. Bhutanese from mountainous areas sell agricultural products, and both buyers and sellers wear the most beautiful traditional clothes to attend. This is also a good social place. Bhutan cuisine is monotonous, and there are not many choices of ingredients. The most common are piles of peppers, potatoes and some wild vegetables sold by kilograms. Bhutan's snacks are also very distinctive. In the market, you can often see dry cheese as hard as stone and strung together with ropes. This is a Bhutanese snack.