First, the basic characteristics of college students' personality
1. uniqueness and generality. The sum of a person's psychological characteristics that distinguish him from others is his personality, and everyone's personality has characteristics that distinguish him from others, that is, the uniqueness of personality, also known as personality. Because college students are a special group, from different regions, different families and different nationalities, their personalities are always different and unique, even similar personalities show some personality colors. In this sense, every college student's personality is unique and unique. However, the uniqueness of college students' personality does not exclude the psychological similarity between people, that is, college students' personality also has the characteristics of commonality or homosexuality. Because personality is formed under certain social and historical conditions, people in the same living environment, like people in the same group, nationality and class, must have the same composition, that is, they form the same group psychological characteristics, national psychological characteristics and class psychological characteristics, and this characteristic has certain stability and consistency after it is formed. Influenced by Confucianism for a long time, the Chinese nation has the characteristics of tradition, moderation, modesty, self-denial, attaching importance to human nature, adapting to the environment and interdependence. Although it changes with the times, it is generally stable and consistent. Young students who have passed the college entrance examination, in particular, have been trained through years of consistent education mode, and their personalities are both unique and general. The commonality of personality lies in uniqueness, and the uniqueness of personality is the concrete manifestation of commonality. In a specific person, the uniqueness and generality of personality are an organic unity.
2. Stability and variability. Personality is not a temporary psychological phenomenon, but refers to the personality psychology that people often show in the long-term social practice because they adapt to or change the objective world. It is precisely because of the stability of personality that people can distinguish one person from another mentally. The stability of college students' personality includes two factors: judging from the formation of personality, personality is not innate, nor can it be achieved overnight. But it is gradually formed and manifested in the practice of social life on the basis of heredity and through the influence of environment and education, and once it is formed, it has stability. From the performance of personality, personality refers to those psychological characteristics that often appear and are relatively stable. The stability of personality makes everyone show his own personal characteristics in various occasions. Without stability, there is no personality. It is precisely because of the stability of personality that people can understand the personality of others and sum up the laws of personality, thus providing basis and possibility for predicting people's behavior and giving full play to people's talents. As the saying goes, "a leopard cannot change his spots, but his nature cannot change", which emphasizes the stability of personality and the characteristics that are hard to change. It's not impossible to change your personality. With the change of personal living environment, people's personality will change more or less, and this plasticity is greater in adolescence. Therefore, the personality of college students is both definite and changeable, and it is the unity of stability and variability.
3. Biological and social constraints. People include both the biological characteristics of nature and the essential characteristics of society. The biology of personality is the basis of personality formation, which affects the difficulty of human nature formation and the way of personality expression. Sociality of personality is the essence of sex. As "the sum of social relations", human personality is formed in the process of social communication, the product of its social culture and history, and the reflection of personal social experience. Without people, there would be no social living environment and no personality. Wild animals, such as Indian wolf children, have matured and developed as biological entities, but without human social living environment, that is, without human sociality, there will be no unique personality facts, which fully shows that sociality is the essence of sex. Therefore, personality has both biological and social constraints, and biology provides the necessary foundation for the formation and development of personality. As a child with cerebral palsy, it is impossible to form a sound personality without good genetic quality. Sociality is the decisive factor in the formation and development of personality, which turns the possibility provided by biological factors into reality. It can be seen that personality is a unified whole composed of biological factors and social factors. Without any aspect, a person's personality cannot be formed, so it is inappropriate to exaggerate the role of any aspect unilaterally. Contemporary college students have a good foundation for personality development, so it is particularly important to pay attention to the influence of current international and domestic environment on college students' personality development.
In a word, the personality of college students is a complex system, an organic whole composed of various characteristics, and a unique unified model composed of many stable and lasting psychological factors with differences and similarities.
Second, the factors affecting the personality development of college students
The factors that affect the personality development of college students mainly include innate quality, social living conditions, education level, contradictory movement of individual inner world, individual social practice, individual subjective initiative and self-awareness.
1. Pre-natural quality is the natural basis and premise of personality development. Congenital quality, also called genetic quality, is an individual's innate anatomical and physiological characteristics. The function of innate quality in the formation and development of personality lies in that it provides the necessary premise for the formation and development of personality, and it is impossible without it. Therefore, people who are born color blind will never become painters, and people who are born deaf will never become singers. Secondly, it provides the possibility for the development of personality, so under certain conditions, anyone with normal physiological development can become a person with certain talent and certain moral behavior. In addition, there are some differences in people's innate qualities. For example, people's higher nervous activity characteristics are different, and these differences are the material basis of different psychological factors of people's personality. Congenital quality can not determine a person's personality pattern, but only provides a potential possibility for the formation of personality. The decisive factors are acquired conditions, social living conditions and education, and personal subjective initiative. In other words, college students with good genetic quality may not be able to form good personality characteristics.
2. The living condition of social clubs is the decisive factor of personality development. Congenital quality only provides the necessary premise and possibility in the formation of personality, and whether this possibility can be transformed into reality mainly depends on the acquired social living conditions and the role of education. In the personality development of college students, the role of social living conditions has two meanings. Broadly speaking, the whole social living environment plays a decisive role in the formation and development of personality. Therefore, any personality is branded by society, any personality development is branded by society, and any personality development is restricted by society. In a narrow sense, the local social life environment, including family, surrounding environment and interpersonal relationship, plays an important role in the formation and development of personality. Family is the basic unit of social life. Social material living conditions first affect students' personality through their families. Family members, especially parents, are the earliest teachers of students. Their educational views, attitudes and methods have a subtle influence on students, and their status in the family will also leave a deep imprint on their character. If college students are spoiled by their families since childhood, they will develop bad characters such as willfulness, coquetry, arrogance and stubbornness. If the family is democratic, harmonious and well managed, students can easily form a good character of independence, strength, helpfulness, creativity and social responsibility. Gorky lived in the Russian czar era, suffered hardships from childhood, and later became a master of world literature; Lu Xun lived in the dark old China, but he became the leader of the Cultural Revolution in China. Therefore, family, school and society should be organically combined to create a good atmosphere for the healthy growth of college students. Family education should emphasize the cultivation of good behavior habits in the process of college students' growth and guide them to become responsible people. School education should aim at the characteristics of college students' enhanced self-reliance and greater plasticity, correctly guide them to realize their own values and serve the people of the motherland, so that they can "care for the motherland and serve the people." Social education is all-round, and Party organizations at all levels should take the lead to guide students to participate in various beneficial activities, such as college students' "going to the countryside" activities, youth volunteer activities and poverty alleviation activities. At the same time, give full play to the advantages of mass media, and constantly carry forward the main theme of the times, so that college students can be edified in a harmonious and friendly social atmosphere and enhance their sense of social responsibility.
3. Education plays a leading role in personality development. The influence of social life environment on the formation and development of personality is subtle, and the effect of this influence is difficult to predict and control. Education, especially higher education, is a purposeful, planned and organized activity, which has a systematic impact on the psychological and other aspects of college students' development. Education can, according to certain social needs and the established direction, adopt targeted methods and use concentrated time to effectively train and cultivate the educated, so that they can acquire systematic cultural and scientific knowledge, professional knowledge and skills, and at the same time form and develop their personality. The leading role of education in the formation and development of personality is irreplaceable by the spontaneous dispersion of social life. Of course, the dominant position of education in personality development does not mean that education is omnipotent.
4. The contradictory movement of the individual's inner world is the driving force of personality development. In the process of interaction between objective things, the contradiction between the new needs of individuals caused by the requirements of society and education and the existing psychological level or state of individuals constitutes the main contradiction in people's inner world. The main contradiction in an individual's inner world includes two aspects: the new demand and the existing level of psychological development. When the current level of individual psychological development can't meet the new needs formed by individuals in practice, contradictions arise, which promote the development of individual psychological level to a higher level to meet the needs and alleviate contradictions. When the old contradictions are solved, practical activities will put forward new requirements for people, create new demands, form new contradictions, and then solve new contradictions. In this movement, the contradictions in the individual's inner world are constantly solved and produced, thus generating motivation and promoting the development of personality. Without this motivation, there will be no development and perfection of personality.
5. Personal social practice is the main way of personality development. Social practice is the link between subjective and objective, and the intermediary to realize the role of genetic quality, social life and education in personality development. It is both the subjective factor and the internal factor of personality development. Under the same environmental and educational conditions, everyone has different personalities because of their different attitudes towards environmental education. The influence exerted by colleges and universities on students must stimulate students' subjective needs, turn reasonable demands into students' own interests and thirst for knowledge, and take this as the driving force. Colleges and universities should actively organize college students to carry out extensive social practice activities. Social practice is an important condition for college students to hone their will, inspire their character, cultivate their sentiment and develop their personality. It is necessary to guide college students to go out of campus, go deep into the society, go deep into the grassroots, go to the front line of reform and construction, and go into a harsh environment, so that they can understand the society in the big classroom of practice, correctly understand the national conditions, deepen their deeper understanding and experience of book knowledge, and make them respect the masses ideologically, be close to the masses emotionally, serve the masses in action, constantly enhance their labor concept, and consciously take the road of combining with the masses. Therefore, there is no social practice; Personality cannot be formed and developed, let alone displayed.
6. Self-awareness plays a supervisory and regulatory role in personality development. Self-awareness is an individual's understanding of all aspects of his existence as an object. It is a self-regulating system composed of self-awareness, self-experience and self-control, which controls individual psychological activities and behaviors. People's personality is gradually formed with the development of individual self-awareness, and self-awareness plays a monitoring and regulating role in the process of personality formation and development. People's personality can overcome the unfavorable factors in the environment and develop continuously, which is the result of self-awareness supervision and adjustment. In the process of the formation and development of college students' personality, we should guide and help them to know themselves correctly through self-knowledge, evaluate their advantages and disadvantages realistically, and lay a foundation for supervising and standardizing their psychological activities and behaviors; Through self-experience, knowledge is internalized into needs and beliefs, and becomes the force that causes, maintains or controls one's own actions; Through self-control, make adjustment plans, control activities, develop personality quality, and finally realize the supervision and adjustment function of self-consciousness.