Fermi was born in Rome, Italy, in 190 1. His father is an ordinary railway clerk. The economic conditions at home are very general, and his father can't help him much in his studies. But the tip rice is very clever, and especially likes reading all kinds of extracurricular books. Books were his best companions in childhood. Every day after school, he goes to the old bookstall in the open-air market to read, or borrows other people's books to read at home. Extensive reading has broadened his knowledge. He is active in thinking, likes to think about all kinds of questions and tries to get the final answer.
At that time, it was very popular for friends to play gyro, but few children noticed the movement of gyro. While watching a friend play a game, Tippy Rice suddenly asked herself: Why does a fast spinning top always keep its axis vertical? Even if it is not so vertical at first, it will be vertical as long as the speed is increased. On the contrary, when the rotation speed slows down, the shaft begins to tilt and a circle is drawn on the top of the gyro. What the hell is going on here? He has been thinking about this problem. In order to solve this mystery, he read many books and asked many people, but he still couldn't find the answer. He secretly made up his mind that he must study hard and solve this problem in the future.
19 14 autumn, an accidental opportunity greatly increased Fei's interest in science and made him a mentor. One afternoon, he walked home with his father after school and met his father's colleague Hamudis on the way. Hamudis is a science lover and likes to communicate with children. On the way, Hamidis talked about geometry, and also mentioned a geometric field that Fermi had never touched-projective geometry. Fermi was puzzled and urged by his strong thirst for knowledge. He asked Hamudis to lend him a book on projective geometry.
The next day, Hamidis kept his promise and brought Fermi a book on projective geometry. When Fermi got the book, he read it eagerly and asked people for advice if he didn't understand it. Fermi finished reading the book two months later. He ran to his father's office and returned the book to Hamudis.
"Uncle Hamudis, I have read all the books. Thank you. " Fermi said politely.
"Oh, it doesn't matter. Do you understand everything in the book? " Hamudis asked.
"I know almost everything. I also proved all the theorems in the book and finished more than 200 exercises after the book! " Fermi replied proudly.
"Are you? The little guy is very smart. " Hamudis was very surprised.
Later, Fermi ran to ask Hamudis when he met a problem that he couldn't do, and the two became friends who had forgotten the year. With the help of Hamidis, Fermi completed the study of analytic geometry, calculus and theoretical mechanics. In addition, he taught himself vector analysis and read the engineer's manual. Together with Hamudis, he also made some simple instruments to measure the acceleration of gravity in Rome, the density of tap water in Rome and the magnetic field of the earth. With the help of Hamudis, Fermi's academic level has advanced by leaps and bounds.
19 18, Fermi entered the Physics Department of the Teachers College of Pisa University. In the entrance examination, he wrote a paper on "the characteristics of voice". The article started with a calculus equation, which surprised the examiner and decided to meet him and see what kind of wizard he was. The professor later said with great emotion: "In my long teaching career, I have never seen such an outstanding person as Fermi. Fermi's thesis is really excellent, at least equivalent to the graduate level, which is incredible for his age. "
After entering the university, Fermi mainly devoted himself to the study and research of modern physics and mathematics. 1920, he came to the University of G? ttingen at Bonn to study quantum mechanics. From 65438 to 0926, Fermi became a professor at the University of Rome, during which he continued to devote himself to quantum research. 1929, Fermi was elected as the youngest member of the Royal Italian Society. Soon, he put forward the theory of slow neutron nuclear reaction and won the 1938 Nobel Prize in physics.
1938, the Italian fascist government issued an anti-semitic decree. Because Mrs Fermi is Jewish, he and his two children are doomed to failure. When Fermi won the Nobel Prize in Physics, he decided to take his wife and children abroad and escape from hell. From 65438 to 0939, he went to the University of Chicago to teach, which enabled his scientific research to continue, and he had no worries anymore.
Shortly after Fermi arrived in the United States, news came from the other side of the Atlantic, and German physicist Hahn discovered the neutron chain reaction. Fermi attached great importance to this, realized the seriousness of the problem, and immediately set about experimental verification. When he did discover that uranium fission could release enormous energy, he and other scientists wrote a letter, asking Einstein to sign it and send it to President Roosevelt, calling people's attention to the danger of Germany making atomic bombs, which would bring disaster to the world, and imploring the United States to start developing atomic bombs immediately to prevent the further spread of the war. The U.S. government also attached great importance to this, agreed to the suggestion of scientists and decided to organize scientists to develop atomic bombs at 1942.
Fermi was appointed by the US government to be responsible for the controlled chain nuclear reaction. After the efforts of all scientists for more than three years, the first atomic bomb was successfully tested at 5: 30 am on July 1945. On August 6th and 9th, two atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki respectively, which accelerated the end of World War II. Fermi played an important role in the development of the atomic bomb. He presided over the ignition and operation of the world's first reactor. Therefore, people think that he created a new atomic age for mankind.