1983 graduated from the history department of Lanzhou University with a bachelor's degree in history; 1983 ——1985 teaches in the social science department of Xi 'an Institute of Metallurgical Architecture; 1988 graduated from Northwest History Laboratory of Northwest University with a master's degree in history (northwest ethnic history direction); 1986 ——1987 studying Tibetan at the College for Nationalities of Tibet University for Nationalities; 1988 ——1990 teaches at northwest university; 1September, 1989 to1July, 1990, studying in the "Russian Advanced Training Course" organized by Shaanxi Provincial Education Commission; 1993 graduated from the Yuan History Research Office of the History Department of Nanjing University, with a doctorate in history (direction of Mongolian Yuan history); From March to July, 1992, studying ancient Tibetan at the Institute of Ethnic Studies, China Academy of Social Sciences; September 2000 -200 1 1, studied in the "Tibet Class" of China Central Party School (No.25); From April to July, 2003, I studied English in Insearch, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia. From September 2007 to February 2008, I studied English at Leicester Language School in Ottawa, Canada. Since 1993, he has been engaged in Tibetan studies in the Institute of History of China Tibetology Research Center, mainly studying Tibetan ancient history and culture, with special emphasis on the study of Tubo history in Tang Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty.