A Shandong University, the difference between general compulsory courses and professional compulsory courses

Specialized compulsory courses and public compulsory courses are one kind of compulsory courses. For example, courses are divided into elective courses and compulsory courses according to whether they are compulsory or not, and compulsory courses are divided into professional compulsory courses and public compulsory courses. According to the nature of courses, such as courses related to majors, if required, they are called professional required courses; Public compulsory courses are general courses, such as thinking, English, military theory, advanced mathematics of science and engineering and so on.

What's the difference between elective courses and compulsory courses in two universities? Specifically.

1, with different selectivity.

In universities, compulsory courses are directly stipulated by the school, and these courses must be completed. Students can't choose compulsory courses independently, but study according to the arrangement of the school, while elective courses are different. Elective courses are chosen by students according to their own interests, and they can learn whatever they want.

2. Not in terms of importance.

The importance of compulsory courses need not be repeated. Compulsory courses are a part of students' credit system that must be studied. If it is not completed, only diplomas and degree certificates will be issued, which is very important. As for elective courses, it is different. It is used to broaden students' horizons, as long as the total credits are enough.

3. Different teaching contents

Compulsory courses emphasize the foundation, foundation, systematicness and integrity of knowledge and skills, and the content is relatively stable. Elective courses, on the other hand, pay attention to deeper, broader and newer knowledge and skills and major issues in contemporary social life, which has greater flexibility and must be adjusted in time with the changes of the times and the requirements of students.

What are the public compulsory courses and compulsory courses in three universities?

Public required courses: Mao Jue, Ma Yuan, ideological education, physical education, modern history, English, etc. Professional required courses are generally determined according to the major.

What are the elective courses and compulsory courses in four universities?

The compulsory courses in universities are mainly your specialized courses and some other general courses, including general specialized courses plus compulsory basic courses (college English, advanced mathematics, physical education, physical experiments, military theory, ideological and moral cultivation, Marx's philosophy of attention, Mao Dengsan, probability theory and mathematical statistics, college physics, linear algebra, computer culture foundation (some have computer C language), engineering drawing, and some schools have college Chinese). As an elective course of science and engineering, it's hard to say, because the elective course is set by the school, and the elective course and management style of different schools are different, but one thing is certain: the elective course of the university includes 3: 1. Humanities elective courses (that is, you can understand liberal arts, such as history, philosophy, humor, music, art, film studies and so on. ) 2. natural science elective course. Animation production, chemical technology, physical engineering, introduction to machinery, electrician and electronics, etc. ) 3. Comprehensive Elective Courses (between Arts and Sciences) What I want to say now is that almost all universities stipulate that students of science and engineering must complete the elective courses with 10 credits before graduating from university (generally, it is 10 credits, which varies from school to school), and it must be a humanities elective course, which means you can. However, it is necessary to ensure that the course of 1 has enough credit requirements ~ ~ Please see the following for some other introductions: Some freshmen volunteer to report blindly after entering the university, and after studying for a period of time, they find that they don't like their major. Now many colleges and universities in this city have considered this problem and built a big platform. After entering the school, freshmen will not be divided into majors and take professional courses until the second year, so you have a lot of time to consider your ambitions. However, many universities generally implement credit courses, and the weekly courses are chosen by themselves, which are generally divided into professional compulsory courses, public compulsory courses and elective courses. First, professional courses: the learning objectives should be clear. College students of different majors have different specialized courses, but their attitude towards this specialized course should be the same: whether they like it or not, they should try their best to learn it well. When studying professional courses, the learning objectives should be clear and specific, so as to continuously improve learning motivation and interest, actively overcome various learning difficulties, and achieve the combination of direct learning interest and indirect learning interest. Second, public courses: It is generally recognized that the practical value of college students' enthusiasm for public courses is generally not as good as that of professional courses. A considerable number of students hold a negative attitude, and their interest in learning mainly depends on the teaching level of teachers. If teachers' classes are lively, they are willing to listen and interested in learning. However, this kind of interest is mainly direct interest in learning, mostly at a low level, limited to listening carefully in class, taking listening as a kind of enjoyment, or a pastime in professional classes. Freshmen should fully realize the practical value and significance of public courses, and some practical public courses (such as foreign languages) should be studied as professional courses. Third, elective courses: put an end to "earning credits." Generally speaking, college students are more interested in elective courses and think that elective courses can broaden their horizons and broaden their knowledge. Moreover, the study requirements of elective courses are not strict, and college students are less likely to have rebellious psychology. However, the status and weight of elective courses in the minds of college students are not as good as professional courses and public courses. It is necessary to put an end to the abnormal phenomenon of taking certain courses and "failing to choose" in order to take credits. 13 suggestions 1. University is not a middle school, so don't study in the traditional high school way. Class is just a form, and the key is self-study. 2. Freshman study is particularly important. The first semester can often determine the whole direction of your college career. 3. When you are a freshman, you should think about your goals after four years: whether to pursue further studies or employment, whether to take postgraduate entrance examinations or strive for graduate studies, and whether to go abroad to study for a master's degree or continue to study in China (students of this master's company) after graduation. These are all very important, which are related to your formulation and adjustment of the learning methods of freshmen. Students who consider continuing their studies after four years should pay special attention: the "grade point" of each semester exam is very important. Grade point is the standard for most colleges and universities to measure students' test scores in various subjects (please know more after entering the school). The role of grade points. In the simplest sentence, "the grade point in college is everything." 5. Calculation method of semester or school year credit grade point: average grade point of semester or school year = actual test scores of all courses studied x all course credits studied/all course credits studied. (the average grade point average in the semester; Example: 85 marks for Chinese, 87 marks for arithmetic, 92 marks for English and 4 credits for each subject, (85x4+87X4+.

92X4)/ 12 credits = 88 = 3.7 = a-) 6. In recent years, some colleges and universities have adopted "big platform" after enrollment or freshman examination; Students can choose their major or transfer colleges according to their hobbies, but; There is a prerequisite for choosing a major in a transfer college. In addition to quota restrictions and interview needs, the selected institutions and professional subjects also have different requirements for single-subject performance (such as failing freshman). ) and senior grades (choose a foreign language school; You have to pass 90 points in the English exam. In addition; The minor of "second major" is the same as the minor of "insurance research", and it is still inseparable from the grade point. 7. In the first semester, all majors should learn basic courses, such as advanced mathematics, line generation, English, physics, physical education, and Mao Si. , as well as freshman subjects, such as when learning is not suitable or serious; The probability of failing the mid-term exam is still very high, but the final exam is generally easier to pass, and it can be passed if it is not too outrageous, so; It is relatively difficult to get high marks. 8. If the freshman fails (at the end of the term), it means that many opportunities may be lost in the future, including transfer, major change, scholarship and postgraduate entrance examination. 9. Universities don't spend more money on learning, but pay attention to learning methods. Hard-working students may not get higher grade points. Although students who study hard will feel unfair, this is a university. You can complain, but it's hard to change anything. 10. Most colleges have different degrees of difficulty according to your major. For example, students majoring in mathematics and applied mathematics have Grade A difficulty in reading advanced mathematics, and students majoring in literature and history have Grade E difficulty in reading advanced mathematics, and so on. Key universities and non-key universities, universities of science and engineering and comprehensive universities have different learning requirements and exam questions, so you don't have to worry too much. 1 1. There are only two courses to learn well in freshman year: advanced mathematics and English. These two courses are very important, with long hours, high credits and great relevance, which have a far-reaching impact on future development. These two subjects also have a great influence on the "average grade point score". It takes time to learn and read well. Advanced calculus and English interpretation are more useful (intermediate interpretation is enough) and must not be ignored. Other subjects are not unimportant, but it is generally believed that "grinding a gun at the last minute is the Buddha's foot" will do well in the exam. 12. Freshmen (upper) schools can also take elective courses if permitted or conditional, but it is not advisable to take more courses. We should focus on adjusting and adapting to the learning style of universities. Usually several classes have classes together, but there is no concept of "class". There is a class teacher, but I may not see him several times a semester. 13. Some schools have no make-up exam system. If you fail this course, there is no make-up exam, but you have to retake it. Re-examination is to re-study and re-take the exam with the next class of students until you complete the credits. There is a charge for retaking the exam, which is calculated by credit.

Are the five elective courses compulsory?

No, professional elective courses are generally determined by the school according to the knowledge level, ability and interest of students at school. If school I thinks that some students have the ability and interest to complete a certain professional course, but not all students have the ability or interest, it is not necessarily a course as part of all students' knowledge growth.

In nature, university elective courses can be roughly divided into two categories: public elective courses and professional elective courses.

As far as the content is concerned, it is basically what majors the school has, what elective courses will be offered accordingly, and some other courses (education, art)

Literature: such as China language and literature, history, philosophy, etc.

Linguistics: various foreign languages and some local dialects (for example, some schools have Cantonese as an elective course).

Science: major in mathematics, physics, chemistry and biology.

Computer category: computer basics, the use of all kinds of software, programming languages, multimedia design, etc.

Engineering: such as electromechanical engineering, architecture and other engineering and technical majors.

Art: Music, dance and fine arts. Sports: various sports activities, such as basketball and badminton.

Education: such as psychology, ideology and politics, college students' love, youth life and so on. Economic management: economics, management, such as international trade, business management, etc.

Entertainment: various card game courses, etc.

Medicine: such as pharmacology, hygiene and basic medicine.

Practical politics: such as the current international situation, domestic interesting comments and so on.

(5) The difference between compulsory courses and specialized courses is extended reading.

University courses are different types of compulsory general courses, elective general courses, compulsory core courses (including compulsory basic courses and compulsory main courses), elective professional courses, practical teaching links (compulsory) and the second classroom (compulsory). But there are so many classes, it is not necessary to choose all the required courses.

They are all selected by the educational administration system, so you can't choose courses, but sometimes the same course is taught by different teachers, so you can choose different teachers on the premise that this course must be selected.

For example, there are several categories in physical education class, such as basketball, volleyball, football and table tennis. On the premise that physical education class must be selected, different categories can be selected. Everyone should choose this physical education class, but Zhang San can play table tennis and Li Si can play basketball. Different teachers have differences in teaching methods, teaching ability and teaching experience. Please consult the senior students about the teacher's teaching style and choose the teacher that suits you best.

Elective courses have two aspects, professional elective and general elective. Specialized elective courses are generally specialized courses of this major. A training direction has a series of courses, which are required at a certain stage of the training direction or level. You need to choose enough compulsory credits in a series of elective courses. In this case, you have the right to choose courses and teachers. As an adult, you can choose suitable elective courses according to your own interests or needs.

If Korean majors have two elective directions, accounting and petroleum, each direction requires one credit. Accounting has two courses: probability theory (one credit) and mathematics (one credit), and petroleum has two courses: reservoir physics (one credit) and petroleum science (one credit).

Students majoring in Korean must choose at least one course from two courses (Probability Theory and Mathematics) and at least one course from two courses (Oil Layer Physics and Petroleum Science) in order to meet the requirement that "Accounting and Petroleum are two elective courses, and each direction requires at least one credit".

General elective courses are similar to professional elective courses, with general elective directions, including humanities, natural sciences, international languages, etc. Under each major category, there are corresponding credit requirements. Professional students can complete this part of the training as long as they choose the general elective courses that meet the credit requirements of the corresponding general elective courses within four years of university.

Among them, the general elective course provides a large number of open online course resources, which can meet the learning needs in the form of network, making the course selection method more free and flexible. It must be emphasized that the credit requirements are the lowest among the training programs of different majors, and students must meet all the credit requirements of the training program before they can graduate.