Sun Tzu's Art of War is known as "the first ancient art book in the world" and "the classic of Sun Tzu's Art of War", and now it has attracted more and more attention from business leaders. Japanese entrepreneurs took the lead in applying the ideas of Sun Tzu's Art of War to the management of enterprises, which is a great wisdom. ?
First, "choose and employ people, follow the trend"?
Sun Tzu said in "The Times": "Therefore, those who are good at fighting seek the times and don't complain about others, so they can choose people and use them." The meaning of this sentence is that a general who is good at commanding wars should focus on relying on, utilizing, grasping and creating a situation conducive to his own victory, rather than demanding his generals. Only in this way can he choose talents who are suitable for taking on heavy responsibilities from the development and changes of the overall situation and make himself take the initiative to decide the overall victory. This is Sun Tzu's highly incisive summary and exposition of the art of leadership. A deep understanding of Sun Tzu's thought of "choosing people and using them according to the situation" contains rich and profound connotations and lessons for today's business leaders and entrepreneurs. ?
Sun Tzu's "potential" refers to a military "war potential" in which one side launches a military challenge or attack on the other side, resulting in confrontation between two or more parties. It is applied to enterprise management, major business strategy, action decision-making or a certain competitive situation (such as scientific and technological progress, new product development, marketing planning, etc.). What is displayed in the market competition will form various "commercial potentials" faced by operators. However, whether it is a "war situation" or a "commercial bureau", there is a problem as "seeking from the potential". According to Sun Tzu's thought, the fundamental starting point of seeking the potential is to "take the potential", that is, to make full use of and grasp the development and changes of the potential, so as to achieve the strategic goal of defeating the enemy, which can be seen from other expositions in Potential. To "follow the trend", we must first "know the situation". The so-called "insider" has two connotations. On the one hand, we should have foresight and the ability to make decisions on the development and trend of the situation; On the other hand, we should have a clear understanding of whether we have the conditions and strength to obtain power (mainly whether we have core talents who can be appointed and take on heavy responsibilities). If you can't "guide the situation", it will be difficult to "guide the situation". Therefore, "knowing the situation" is the premise of "seeking the situation". Because of this, the world calls those who know the times heroes. However, although a commander-in-chief has a strategic vision of "understanding the current affairs" and has talents around him who can shoulder heavy responsibilities, he can't make full use of it and will eventually fall into a fiasco of "losing power."
After Sun and Liu Lianhe defeated Cao Cao, Zhuge Liang knew that Cao Cao would be defeated by Huarong Road. It is very important who is assigned to undertake this important task. Because Zhuge Liang considered the overall situation, if Cao Cao was killed at this time, the situation would be even more chaotic and difficult to clean up, which was not conducive to the realization of the strategic policy of "dividing the world into three parts", so he set the strategic intention of "catching and releasing", but he could not say clearly. Guan Yu is the first of "loyalty". Zhuge Liang sent him to guard the pass and received the effect of "killing two birds with one stone". If Zhang Fei is replaced, it will ruin the event. It can be seen that only by being good at selecting and employing people can we create a momentum-creating a current situation that determines the overall strategy in the future. In 2 15, Sun Quan attacked Cao Cao, and Cao Cao sent Zhang Liao, Li Dian to defend the alliance. Cao Shoujun has only more than 7,000 people, while Wu Jun has 65,438+10,000 people. However, according to Cao Cao's instructions, "If Sun Quan comes, General Zhang and General Li will go to war, and General Le will protect the soldiers without fighting", Zhang Liao won the anti-siege. The secret of this is that Cao Cao is good at employing people. According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, Zhang Liao was "superior in force" and Li Dian was "brave and good at fighting", good at cooperating with others and "not fighting with generals"; Although Le Jin is "short in appearance", he is brave. He and Zhang Liao, Li Dian "control divisions, to appease the masses, don't make mistakes. If the enemy decides, there will be no loss. " Cao Cao assigned tasks according to their respective strengths, and rationally arranged who should go out and who should guard the city. Therefore, in the case of such a disparity in strength, the commander-in-chief of Cao Jun's garrison not only consolidated the alliance, but also won the victory against the siege. The core idea embodied in the two examples is to know people well, make good use of talents and appoint them in time. ?
Second, "make it with words and use it with force"?
"Sun Tzu's Art of War in March" said: "Therefore, it should be written and used together. If you teach your people, the people will obey you; If you don't do what you want to teach your people, the people won't accept it. Let vegetarians get along with others. " The meaning of this sentence is that we should use the means of "culture", that is, educate our soldiers with political morality, use the method of "martial virtue" and use the unified pace of military discipline, so that such an army will win as soon as it starts. Usually, if you can seriously carry out orders and educate foot soldiers, foot soldiers will form the habit of obedience; Usually, if you don't seriously carry out orders and educate foot soldiers, they will form the habit of disobedience. The reason why the orders can be carried out seriously is that the generals and foot soldiers have gained mutual trust. "Use words to control it, use force to control it" embodies Sun Tzu's thought and principle of running the army with both civil and military skills and equal emphasis on morality and prestige. This idea and principle also apply to the management of enterprises. Sun Tzu's way of "literature" and "martial arts" is also the "rigid" and "flexible" management of enterprises today. Enterprise management is a process, a process in which managers exert influence and control on the managed. Management is an art, and the essential object and core of this process and art is people. The management and coordination of people can be carried out by means of system restraint, discipline supervision, punishment and coercion, as well as by means of encouragement, inspiration, induction and encouragement, rewards and punishments. The key to scientific management lies in its accuracy and standardization, that is, changing laissez-faire management into standardized management, and relying on rules and regulations, laws and regulations and organizational authority to carry out stylized and orderly management. It emphasizes the strategy, system and structure of organizational management, which is hard management. Soft management is humanized and personalized management based on employees' thoughts, organizational values and cultural spirit. ?
Third, strengthen education and unify thinking. Soft management emphasizes the cultivation and shaping of organizational values. Advanced ideas and positive attitudes can be created by building a suitable and good organizational atmosphere, which requires strengthening ideological education. Sun Tzu said, "Who is stronger or weaker?" "Teaching precepts first", "If a scholar doesn't teach first, he doesn't have to." Sun Tzu's thought of "teaching precepts first" also has important strategic significance in today's enterprise management. All business leaders with strategic vision at home and abroad put employee education, especially political and ideological education, in the first place of enterprise development, with the aim of cultivating a high-quality and competitive workforce. In this respect, the educational concept of Japanese entrepreneurs is advanced. ?
Ichiro Ishii Makoto, Minister of Mechanical Engineering of the Japanese Institute of Electrical Engineering, said: "It is not enough to sow without cultivating. If you want it to thrive, you must give spiritual food. " Ichiro Honda, the founder of Honda Technology Research Company, Japan's largest motorcycle factory, put it particularly profoundly: "Ideas dominate the world more than money, and good ideas can generate money. The motto of contemporary people should be: ideas are more powerful than money. " 1991010/0 newspaper abstract published an article by comrade yuan, president of China enterprise management association, entitled "Kōnosuke Matsushita proposed a joint venture with me a year ago-Japanese" technical know-how "plus * * leadership know-how", saying
Sun Tzu's way of "literature" and "martial arts", that is, soft management and hard management of enterprise management, are different from each other, penetrate each other, influence each other and complement each other. Hard management is the support and foundation of soft management, which often has a decisive influence on the implementation of soft management. Without the support of hard management, soft management can hardly achieve the expected results. Soft management is the director, lubricant and catalyst of hard management, which can play an irreplaceable role. Only by combining the two-military and civilian, soft and hard, can we win and achieve the best results. "The Art of War" points out that "thick can't be used, love can't be used, chaos can't be cured, and arrogance can't be used." In other words, if soldiers are too spoiled to use, too indulgent to command, and too disciplined to deal with them seriously, such an army, like a "proud son", cannot be used for combat. At this time, generals and commanders must understand the law and order, and use discipline to manage the troops in a unified way, so that the soldiers can "order", "make", "govern" and "be available". ?
Third, "the same desire wins"?
Sun Tzu's The Art of War Raiders says that there are five ways to win, one of which is that "those who share the same desire will win." In other words, officers and men can win the war by working together in Qi Xin. This is the most fundamental condition for Sun Tzu to analyze and decide the outcome of the war. So, how can we make the upper and lower desires consistent? Sun Tzu pointed out in Ji Pian: "Tao makes the people consistent with the people, so they can die with it, live with it, and are not afraid of difficulties." In other words, a wise king can make the people obey his wishes, so that the people can risk their lives for the king in the war and take risks. Here, the "Tao" put forward by Sun Tzu is the most fundamental and important factor that makes people up and down want the same thing. In the same article, Sun Tzu said: "Analyze the possibility of winning or losing a war from five aspects: Tao, Heaven (natural and social opportunities), Earth (geographical situation and traffic interests), General (selection) and Law (the establishment and establishment of the army and the legal system of the country), that is, put Tao in the first place. Thus, the importance of "Tao" in governing the country, the people, the army and the industry also shows the significance that commanders and leaders who have made achievements attach importance to "Tao". ?