First of all, it must be explained that "traditional classroom" refers to a classroom with examination as the purpose, knowledge as the direction, indoctrination as the means and no students in its eyes.
This book has caused quite a stir in the education field. Many people's disputes about this book are only about the title. In the author's opinion, the reasons for this phenomenon are that the traditional classroom is not understood enough, and the second is that the understanding of the new curriculum reform is not in place.
Some people call this book an indictment of the traditional classroom, which is the most severe criticism of the traditional classroom, but it can also be said to be abuse. As he wrote in his book: "The traditional classroom ... is it unscrupulous to get quick success and instant benefit in education, whether it is to quench thirst by drinking poison or to kill the goose that lays the golden egg ... against human nature and sacrifice development." "Children betray development, education betrays humanity, teachers betray responsibility, times betray hope, nations betray competitiveness, and human beings betray tomorrow ..." Of course, these are nothing more than a language he uses. The ultimate goal is to hope that the broad masses of people and educators can see the disadvantages of traditional education and promote the further development of education reform in China. But in the eyes of defenders of traditional classrooms, this book is simply a big violation!
Some readers commented on this book like this: First of all, no matter how the book is written or how others comment, from a personal point of view, I think there should be such a person in the society to write such a book for the world to see, whether they agree with their views or not, but such a person who dares to put forward his own ideas for the educational development of China deserves our admiration. Secondly, the disadvantages of the traditional classroom in the book do exist in reality. Although China has a cultural history of 5,000 years, its education has a long history. Great thinkers and educators like Confucius, in particular, have influenced not only the educational development of China, but also the culture of the world. Education in China has been in the process of continuous reform. Today's classroom model will become history sooner or later and be replaced by better education methods. However, in the process of reform, we can't do it overnight. We should be down-to-earth, step by step, and see clearly what needs to be preserved and what needs to be improved. With the implementation of new curriculum reform by the Ministry of Education all over the country, people have realized that education is not only the role of cultivating "candidates", but also a person who adapts to society and develops, which is consistent with efficient classroom, because the ultimate goals of both are to believe in students, liberate students, utilize students and develop students. In short, under the current educational situation, the traditional classroom can no longer meet the needs of modern teaching. Therefore, efficient classroom will inevitably develop and improve in practice and become a model for all schools to learn.
The Second Secret of Childhood: Montessori
The child is the father of an adult. Montessori's far-reaching position in children's education research is unshakable even today.
Childhood is an important period of life. In addition to physical development, children's psychological development needs more attention. Because it is through his own efforts that the child has formed his own personality, and in a sense, he has become his own creator. If an adult forgets that he was once a child, then he can't provide an environment suitable for the development of the child, he won't overcome the conflict between himself and the child, and the child's psychology will be distorted and will accompany him all his life.
Montessori, the author of The Secret of Childhood, is the greatest educator in the 20th century. The Montessori education system she founded had a great influence on the world. Today, Montessori schools named after her are all over the world, covering 1 10 countries and regions.
Montessori was born in ancona and studied at the University of Rome. She is the first female doctor of medicine in Italian history. She is proficient in medicine, philosophy, pedagogy, experimental psychology and anthropology. 1907, Montessori founded the first "Children's Home" in the slums of Rome, enrolling children aged 3-6. She used her original method to teach, and the effect was amazing. These ordinary poor children, after several years, have undergone great changes in their thoughts and have been cultivated into smart, confident, educated and energetic young talents. Montessori's brand-new teaching method with great educational charm has caused a sensation throughout Europe. Reports about these excellent children spread like wildfire, and many new "Children's Home" were established according to the Montessori model.
Today, teachers are encouraged to "discover children", and the secret of childhood is irreplaceable "learning material". After reading this book, she will help us to know and understand children, and establish a correct view of education, teaching and students.
In the book, Montessori has a famous saying: "I believe that one day, the whole world will say that this is a noble cause!" " "
The Third Random Talk on Education: By Locke.
What kind of book is a real masterpiece? Random Talk on Education has been published for nearly 400 years, and it has never been forgotten by the years. It has deeply influenced several generations and is called the treasure of the world's educational thought. The core idea of this book is gentleman education. Locke, the author, was hailed as a giant of western thought in the17th century. Locke thinks that he is a virtuous, useful and capable person with four qualities: morality, intelligence, courtesy and knowledge.
The theoretical basis of this book is Locke's "whiteboard theory", which emphasizes the leading role of education and environment. Of course, this view can be interpreted by comparing Montessori's Father of Adults. For me, maybe I prefer Montessori. Locke infinitely magnified the role of education, which is indeed problematic today. But what really touched me was not only his slightly rambling concern, but also his simple explanation. This is a book that anyone can read instinctively.
The book is divided into upper, middle and lower parts, which are about health, moral education and intellectual education respectively. Locke emphasized the idea that "a healthy spirit resides in a healthy body" and "controlling people's desires with reason", and provided concrete suggestions on how to operate, most of which are worth learning from modern parents. Perhaps compared with its early research on medicine, many suggestions are still practical today, both from the medical point of view and from the common sense of life. For example, Locke advocates that children take a cold bath and swim in cold water to keep healthy, but he also says that they should never rush into the water after strenuous exercise or when their blood vessels are excited. Of course, some of Locke's practices may be too harsh. For example, children's best breakfast is toast, and if they are hungry, they'd better eat toast. The drink can only be light beer.
Locke's perspective on education is close to daily life, and lists a series of interesting questions that are easily overlooked, such as why the face is not afraid of cold and the ass is afraid of cold? Do I need to wear socks on my fingers, too? Wait, it will be interesting to read. Locke's other two books, The Theory of Human Rationality and The Theory of Government Contract, are also worth reading.
The Fourth Dalton Education Plan: Helen
This book can be regarded as the practical expansion of Montessori's educational thought.
Dalton School in the United States is a private school 19 19 founded by Ms. Helen parkhurst. It has created a miracle that all its graduates have been admitted to Harvard, Yale and other prestigious schools for 20 consecutive years. Its graduates have excellent qualities such as high creativity, imagination and willpower, which are praised by American parents and welcomed by American society.
Dalton School was once a typical example of progressive education in America. Dalton School adopts the attitude of "sublating" traditional education, that is, making breakthroughs, developing and reserving. Therefore, Dalton Plan not only fully embodies the new educational trend of thought at that time, but also is a concrete "more stable and less risky" teaching reform plan.
Dalton School is famous for its unique education and training methods. The basic idea of Dalton College is freedom and cooperation.
The training method of Dalton School includes three unique pillars: laboratory, homework or targeted homework and house.
Helen parkhurst strongly opposes rigid, autocratic and teacher-centered education. Her amazing innovation is to replace the traditional classroom with what she calls a "laboratory". In her proposed system, students should accept and undertake long-term learning tasks under the guidance of teachers, which is mainly reflected in the learning tasks of various subjects for one month. She thinks that when students know what tasks to complete in a month, they will soon learn to arrange their mother's time and study according to their personal interests. Students don't need to listen to the bell, and attend classes according to the schedule. They can study a certain course with interest, and they can study at any time.
To some extent, the Dalton Project is based on motivational psychology. The author believes that children are naturally curious and eager to learn, and when their natural curiosity is aroused, it is the best time for them to learn. Their interests cannot and cannot be led by the clock. When a student is studying any subject that attracts him, his thinking is sharp, his thinking is more active, and he is more capable of conquering any problems that may arise in the learning process. In the new way, no bell will be forcibly taken away at the appointed time and imposed on another course and another teacher according to the teaching requirements. Under the Dalton plan, students are free to engage in their hobbies at school, but at the end of the month, students have to complete the learning tasks assigned by their teachers and mark the progress of each stage in the process of completing the tasks with cards. The author thinks that the problems in learning should be placed directly in front of students, and points out the standards that must be met, so that students can solve problems in their own way and speed, as long as they feel appropriate. Students' sense of responsibility for the results will not only develop their potential intelligence, but also develop their judgment and personality.
Dalton plan emphasizes that children should be fully developed, actively developed and lively. Dalton school can not only fully develop students with excellent qualifications, but also enable students with average qualifications to play their own level and even become talented students. The secret is that they pay attention to tapping children's potential, cultivating their self-confidence and making them a unique, irreplaceable and creative person. Dalton education plan is an effective teaching organization way to cultivate high-quality talents. Under this plan, students can soar freely in the ocean of knowledge, fully tap their own potential and have a certain spirit of cooperation.
This book can provide reference for our school reform today, and at the same time, it also proves our new curriculum reform concept with Dalton school, which is beyond doubt.
The fifth book, Faith in Seeds: Thoreau
This is a wonderful and magical work of nature. It is a wonderful book that worships nature and fears life. American critics also believe that it is the pinnacle of Thoreau's lifelong study of nature and its laws in the human sense. The author tries to express thousands of complex lives in the forest with humanistic compassion and care, and explore the fullness and purity of nature with scientific and realistic rigor. He abandoned the secular civilization of "life is consumed by trivial matters" and pursued a simple life of "simpler and simpler" all his life, arguing that a short life is perfect because of rich thoughts. The book is full of aphorisms. "I don't believe that plants can germinate without seeds, but I have faith in seeds"; "Let me believe that you have seeds, and I am waiting for a miracle"; "The smallest thing in nature is the most outstanding." ...
The most famous is this passage, which I have quoted countless times to sum up what a good school is-"If you dig a pond underground, there will soon be waterfowl, amphibians and all kinds of fish, as well as common aquatic plants such as lilies and so on. Once you have dug the pond, you will naturally stuff it. "
Thoreau, the author, is a different kind of American cultural circle in the19th century. He is a master who is close to nature and advocates "simple living". He has beautiful language, profound artistic conception and elegant Ming Che. His masterpieces include Walden Lake and Believe in Seeds.